Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/465 of 3 March 2023 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of arsenic in certain foods (Text with EEA relevance)
Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/465of 3 March 2023amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of arsenic in certain foods(Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,Having regard to Council Regulation (EEC) No 315/93 of 8 February 1993 laying down Community procedures for contaminants in foodOJ L 37, 13.2.1993, p. 1., and in particular Article 2(3) thereof,Whereas:(1)Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs (OJ L 364, 20.12.2006, p. 5). sets maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, including inorganic arsenic in a range of foodstuffs.(2)Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid present at low concentrations in rocks, soil and natural ground water. In addition, anthropogenic activity has also contributed to increase the levels of arsenic in the environment through industrial emissions (mining, smelting of non-ferrous metals and burning of fossil fuels) as well as with the use of arsenic as part of fertilisers, wood preservatives, insecticides or herbicides. Although dermal and inhalation exposure is possible, food and drinking water are the principal routes of exposure to arsenic.(3)On 12 October 2009, the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ("the CONTAM Panel") of the European Food Safety Authority ("the Authority") adopted an opinion on arsenic in foodEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM); Scientific Opinion on Arsenic in Food. EFSA Journal 2009; 7(10):1351, https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1351.. In that opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 15 μg/kg body weight (b.w.), established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives ("JECFA") was no longer appropriate, as data had shown that inorganic arsenic causes cancer of the lung, of the urinary bladder and the skin, and that a range of adverse effects had been reported at exposures lower than those reviewed by the JECFA.(4)The CONTAM Panel identified a range of "benchmark dose lower confidence limit" (BMDL01) values between 0,3 and 8 μg/kg b.w. per day for cancers of the lung, skin and bladder, as well as skin lesions. In its scientific opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the estimated dietary exposures to inorganic arsenic for average and high level consumers in Europe are within the range of the BMDL01 values identified, and that therefore the possibility of a risk to some consumers cannot be excluded.(5)The scientific opinion identified high consumers of rice in Europe, such as certain ethnic groups and children under three years of age, as most subjected to inorganic arsenic dietary exposure. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic for children under three years old, including from rice-based foods, was estimated to be about 2 to 3-fold that of adults.(6)In its scientific report of 2014Scientific report of EFSA on the dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population, EFSA Journal 2014; 12(3): 3597, https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3597. on the dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population, the Authority identified grain-based products as the main contributor to the exposure, and rice, milk and dairy products as important contributors. However, the heterogeneity of the food consumption data, the conversion of total arsenic to inorganic arsenic and the treatment of left censored data represented significant uncertainties in the exposure assessment.(7)In light of that information, Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1006Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1006 of 25 June 2015 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs (OJ L 161, 26.6.2015, p. 14). set maximum levels for the presence of inorganic arsenic only in rice and rice-based products and in accordance with Commission Recommendation (EU) 2015/1381Commission Recommendation (EU) 2015/1381 of 10 August 2015 on the monitoring of arsenic in food (OJ L 213, 12.8.2015, p. 9)., Member States were called upon to monitor, during 2016, 2017 and 2018, the presence of arsenic in foods, preferably by determining the content of inorganic and total arsenic and, if possible, other relevant arsenic species, in a wide variety of foods.(8)In its scientific report of 2021Scientific report of EFSA on the chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic, EFSA Journal 2021; 19(1): 6380, https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6380., the Authority assessed the chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic, taking into account the most recent occurrence data for inorganic arsenic in food. It concluded that across the different age classes, the main contributors to the dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic were rice, rice-based products, grains and grain-based products not containing rice and drinking water. The Authority has further concluded that particular foodstuffs indicated for the young population (e.g. cereal-based food for infants and young children and biscuits, rusks and cookies for children, infant formulae, follow-on formulae, foods for special medical purposes intended for infants and young children and young child formulae, baby foods and fruit juices) made a relevant contribution in the dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in this population group.(9)The existing mean and 95th percentile exposures to arsenic in food still lie within the range of the BMDL01 values identified in the CONTAM Panel scientific opinion of 2009. It is therefore appropriate to establish new maximum levels for commodities contributing to exposure to arsenic and lower existing maximum levels, where feasible on the basis of the occurrence data.(10)The Codex Alimentarius sets a maximum level of 0,5 mg/kg for total arsenic in saltCodex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxin in Foods and Feeds – GSCTFF (CODEX STAN 193-1995).. It is appropriate to set the same maximum level in Union legislation.(11)Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 should therefore be amended accordingly.(12)Taking into account that certain foodstuffs covered by this Regulation have a long shelf life, foodstuffs that were lawfully placed on the market before the date of application of this Regulation should be allowed to remain on the market.(13)The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed,HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: