Regulation (EU) 2016/1012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on zootechnical and genealogical conditions for the breeding, trade in and entry into the Union of purebred breeding animals, hybrid breeding pigs and the germinal products thereof and amending Regulation (EU) No 652/2014, Council Directives 89/608/EEC and 90/425/EEC and repealing certain acts in the area of animal breeding (‘Animal Breeding Regulation’) (Text with EEA relevance)
Regulation (EU) 2016/1012 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 8 June 2016on zootechnical and genealogical conditions for the breeding, trade in and entry into the Union of purebred breeding animals, hybrid breeding pigs and the germinal products thereof and amending Regulation (EU) No 652/2014, Council Directives 89/608/EEC and 90/425/EEC and repealing certain acts in the area of animal breeding (Animal Breeding Regulation)(Text with EEA relevance)THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 42 and Article 43(2) thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social CommitteeOJ C 226, 16.7.2014, p. 70.,After consulting the Committee of the Regions,Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedurePosition of the European Parliament of 12 April 2016 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 17 May 2016.,Whereas:(1)The breeding of animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species occupies, in economic and social terms, a strategic place in Union agriculture and contributes to the Union's cultural heritage. This agricultural activity, which contributes to food security in the Union, is a source of income for the agricultural community. The breeding of animals of those species is best promoted by encouraging the use of purebred breeding animals or hybrid breeding pigs of recorded high genetic quality.(2)Consequently, as part of their agricultural policy, Member States have consistently endeavoured to promote the production of livestock with particular genetic characteristics by setting standards, sometimes doing so through public investment. Disparities between those standards have the potential to create technical barriers to trade in breeding animals and their germinal products, as well as technical barriers to their entry into the Union.(3)The legal framework for Union law on the breeding of purebred breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species and hybrid breeding pigs is provided by Council Directives 88/661/EECCouncil Directive 88/661/EEC of 19 December 1988 on the zootechnical standards applicable to breeding animals of the porcine species (OJ L 382, 31.12.1988, p. 36)., 89/361/EECCouncil Directive 89/361/EEC of 30 May 1989 concerning pure-bred breeding sheep and goats (OJ L 153, 6.6.1989, p. 30)., 90/427/EECCouncil Directive 90/427/EEC of 26 June 1990 on the zootechnical and genealogical conditions governing intra-Community trade in equidae (OJ L 224, 18.8.1990, p. 55)., 91/174/EECCouncil Directive 91/174/EEC of 25 March 1991 laying down zootechnical and pedigree requirements for the marketing of pure-bred animals and amending Directives 77/504/EEC and 90/425/EEC (OJ L 85, 5.4.1991, p. 37)., 94/28/ECCouncil Directive 94/28/EC of 23 June 1994 laying down the principles relating to the zootechnical and genealogical conditions applicable to imports from third countries of animals, their semen, ova and embryos, and amending Directive 77/504/EEC on pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 178, 12.7.1994, p. 66). and 2009/157/ECCouncil Directive 2009/157/EC of 30 November 2009 on pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 323, 10.12.2009, p. 1).. The aim of those Directives was to develop livestock breeding in the Union, while at the same time regulating the trade in breeding animals and their germinal products and their entry into the Union, thereby maintaining the competitiveness of the Union animal breeding sector.(4)Council Directives 87/328/EECCouncil Directive 87/328/EEC of 18 June 1987 on the acceptance for breeding purposes of pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 167, 26.6.1987, p. 54)., 90/118/EECCouncil Directive 90/118/EEC of 5 March 1990 on the acceptance of pure-bred breeding pigs for breeding (OJ L 71, 17.3.1990, p. 34). and 90/119/EECCouncil Directive 90/119/EEC of 5 March 1990 of hybrid breeding pigs for breeding (OJ L 71, 17.3.1990, p. 36). were adopted to prevent Member States from maintaining or adopting national rules relating to the acceptance for breeding purposes of breeding animals of the bovine and porcine species and the production and use of their semen, oocytes and embryos which could constitute a prohibition or restriction on trade or an obstacle thereto whether in the case of natural service, artificial insemination or collection of semen, oocytes or embryos.(5)On the basis of Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 91/174/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC, the Commission, after consulting Member States through the Standing Committee on Zootechnics established in accordance with Council Decision 77/505/EECCouncil Decision 77/505/EEC of 25 July 1977 setting up a Standing Committee on Zootechnics (OJ L 206, 12.8.1977, p. 11)., adopted a number of Decisions laying down species-specific criteria for the approval or recognition of breeding organisations and breeders' associations, for the entry of breeding animals in herd-books, flock-books and stud-books, for the acceptance of purebred breeding animals of the ovine and caprine species for breeding and artificial insemination, for performance testing and genetic evaluation of breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine and caprine species, and for the establishment of pedigree or zootechnical certificates for trade in breeding animals and their germinal products.(6)The Commission also established a list of breeding bodies in third countries and the model pedigree or zootechnical certificates for entry into the Union of breeding animals and their semen, oocytes and embryos.(7)Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 91/174/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC are largely similar in structure and content. Several of those Directives have been amended over time. In the interests of the simplicity and consistency of Union law, it is appropriate to streamline the Union rules laid down in those Directives.(8)Over the last 20 years, the Commission has had to respond to a significant number of complaints, raised by breeders and operators carrying out breeding programmes, in relation to the national transposition and interpretation of Union legal acts on the breeding of animals in different Member States. To ensure the uniform application of Union rules on breeding animals and to avoid obstacles to trade in breeding animals and their germinal products resulting from divergences in the national transposition of those Directives, the zootechnical and genealogical conditions for trade in breeding animals and their germinal products and their entry into the Union should be laid down in a Regulation.(9)In addition, experience has shown that, in order to facilitate the application of the rules provided for in those Directives, more precise wording needs to be used in a number of their provisions, along with consistent terminology that is standard across all Member States. In the interests of clarity and consistency of Union law, it is also appropriate to provide for more definitions, including a definition of "breed".(10)Efforts to achieve competitiveness in the animal breeding sector should not lead to the disappearance of breeds with characteristics that are adapted to specific biophysical contexts. If their population size is too small, local breeds could be at risk of losing genetic diversity. As an important part of the agricultural biodiversity, animal genetic resources provide an essential basis for the sustainable development of the livestock sector and offer opportunities to adapt animals to changing environments, production conditions and market and consumer demands. Union legal acts on the breeding of animals should thus contribute to the preservation of animal genetic resources, to the protection of biodiversity and to the production of typical quality regional products that rely on the specific hereditary characteristics of local breeds of domestic animals. Union legal acts should also promote viable breeding programmes for the improvement of breeds, and particularly in the case of endangered breeds or autochtonous breeds which are not commonly found in the Union, for the preservation of breeds and the preservation of the genetic diversity within and between breeds.(11)Through selection and breeding significant progress has been achieved in the development of traits related to the productivity of farmed animals, leading to reduced production costs at farm level. However, this has, in some cases, led to undesirable side effects, raising concerns in society about animal welfare and environment-related issues. The application of genomics and the use of advanced information technologies such as "Precision livestock farming" — which allows large data sets on alternative traits, directly or indirectly related to animal welfare and sustainability issues, to be recorded — hold considerable potential to address concerns in society and achieve the objectives of sustainable animal breeding in terms of improved resource efficiency and the enhanced resilience and robustness of animals. The collection of data on these alternative traits should gain in importance within the framework of breeding programmes and should be given greater prominence in the definition of selection objectives. In this context, genetic resources of endangered breeds should be considered to be a reservoir of genes that can potentially contribute to achieving these animal welfare and sustainability goals.(12)This Regulation should apply to breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species and their germinal products where it is intended that those animals or the offspring resulting from those germinal products be entered as purebred breeding animals in a breeding book or registered as hybrid breeding pigs in a breeding register, in particular with a view to trading within the Union, including within a Member State, or the entry into the Union of those breeding animals and their germinal products.(13)The term "breeding animal" or "purebred breeding animal" should not be understood as only covering animals which still possess their reproductive function. Indeed, castrated animals might contribute with their genealogical and zootechnical records to the assessment of the genetic quality of the breeding population and thus to the integrity of the rankings of breeding animals based on those results. Depending on the objectives of the breeding programme, a lack of or loss of data resulting from the explicit exclusion of castrated animals from entry in a breeding book or register would be likely to bias the results of the assessment of the genetic quality of breeding animals that are genetically related to those castrated animals.(14)The aim of the rules on purebred breeding animals laid down in this Regulation should be to grant access to trade based on agreed principles applicable to the recognition of breed societies managing breeds and the approval of their respective breeding programmes. This Regulation should also lay down rules governing the entry of purebred breeding animals in the main section of the breeding books and, where they exist, in the different merit classes of the main section. It should also lay down rules for performance testing and genetic evaluation and rules for the acceptance of breeding animals for breeding as well as the content of the zootechnical certificates.(15)Similarly, the aim of the rules on hybrid breeding pigs laid down in this Regulation should be to grant access to trade based on agreed principles applicable to the recognition of breeding operations managing different breeds, lines or crosses of the porcine species and the approval of their breeding programmes. This Regulation should also lay down rules governing the registration of hybrid breeding pigs in breeding registers. It should also lay down rules for performance testing and genetic evaluation and rules for the acceptance of hybrid breeding pigs for breeding as well as the content of the zootechnical certificates.(16)It is not appropriate for issues relating to cloning to be addressed in this Regulation.(17)Since the objectives of this Regulation, namely to ensure a harmonised approach to trade in breeding animals and their germinal products and their entry into the Union, as well as to the official controls necessary to be performed on breeding programmes carried out by breed societies and breeding operations, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its effect, complexity, transborder and international character, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as referred to in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.(18)The quality of the services provided by breed societies and breeding operations and the way that they evaluate and classify breeding animals has an impact on the quality and accuracy of zootechnical and genealogical information collected or determined in respect of those animals and their value on the market. Accordingly, rules should be laid down for the recognition of breed societies and breeding operations and the approval of their breeding programmes based on harmonised Union criteria. Those rules should also cover their supervision by the competent authorities of Member States in order to ensure that the rules established by breed societies and breeding operations do not give rise to disparities between breeding programmes, thereby creating technical barriers to trade in the Union.(19)Similar procedures to those laid down in Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 91/174/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC for listing recognised breed societies and breeding operations, including the updating, transmission and publication of the lists, should be provided for in this Regulation.(20)Breeding programmes on purebred breeding animals are carried out with the overall aim of improving, in a sustainable manner, the production and non-production traits of animals of a breed or to preserve a breed. Those breeding programmes should cover a sufficiently large number of purebred breeding animals kept by breeders which, through breeding and selection, promote and develop desirable traits in those animals or guarantee the preservation of the breed, in accordance with the objectives that are commonly accepted by the participating breeders. Likewise, breeding programmes concerning hybrid breeding pigs are carried out with the purpose of developing desirable traits by deliberate crossbreeding between different breeds, lines or crosses of pigs. Breeding animals (purebred or hybrid) participating in a breeding programme are entered in a breeding book or register, including information on their ascendants, and, depending on the breeding objectives set out in the breeding programme, undergo performance testing or any other assessment that results in the recording of data on traits in relation to the objectives of that breeding programme. Where specified in the breeding programme, genetic evaluation is carried out to estimate the breeding value of the animals which may be ranked accordingly. Those breeding values and performance test results, as well as the genealogical information, form the basis for breeding and selection.(21)The right to be recognised as a breed society or breeding operation which meets the established criteria should be a fundamental principle of the Union law on the breeding of animals and of the internal market. The protection of the economic activity of an existing recognised breed society should not justify the refusal by the competent authority of the recognition of a further breed society for the same breed or violations of the principles governing the internal market. The same applies to the approval of a further breeding programme, or to the approval of the geographical extension of an existing breeding programme, which is carried out on the same breed, or on breeding animals of the same breed that can be recruited from the breeding population of a breed society that is already carrying out a breeding programme on that breed. However, where in a Member State one or more recognised breed societies are already carrying out an approved breeding programme on a given breed, the competent authority of that Member State should, in certain specific cases, be allowed to refuse to approve a further breeding programme for the same breed, even if that breeding programme complies with all the requirements necessary for approval. One reason for refusal could be that the approval of a further breeding programme for the same breed would compromise the preservation of that breed or the genetic diversity within that breed in that Member State. The preservation of that breed might, in particular, be compromised as a result of the fragmentation of the breeding population, possibly leading to higher inbreeding, to increased incidences of observed genetic defects, to a loss in the selection potential or to reduced access of the breeders to purebred breeding animals or the germinal products thereof. Another reason for refusal could be linked to inconsistencies in the defined breed characteristics or in the main objectives of those breeding programmes. Indeed, independently of the aim of the breeding programme, namely the preservation of the breed or the improvement of the breed, the competent authority should be allowed to refuse approval for a further breeding programme in respect of the same breed where differences in the main objectives of the two breeding programmes, or in essential traits of the breed characteristics defined in those breeding programmes, would result in a loss of efficiency in terms of genetic progress in those objectives or in those traits or any correlated traits, or where an exchange of animals between both breeding populations would bear a risk of out selection or out breeding of those essential traits in the initial breeding population. Finally, in the case of an endangered breed or an autochthonous breed not commonly found in one or more of the territories of the Union, a competent authority should also be allowed to refuse the approval of a further breeding programme for the same breed on the grounds that that further breeding programme would impede the effective implementation of the existing breeding programme, in particular due to a lack of coordination, or exchange, of genealogical and zootechnical information resulting in a failure to benefit from the common evaluation of data collected on that breed. In the event of a refusal to approve a breeding programme, the competent authority should always provide a reasoned explanation to the applicants and give them the right to appeal against that refusal.(22)Breeders should have the right to design and implement a breeding programme for their own use, without that breeding programme having to be approved by the competent authorities. However, each Member State or its competent authorities should retain the possibility of regulating those activities, in particular as soon as such a breeding programme leads to business transactions in respect of breeding animals or the germinal products thereof or jeopardises an already existing approved breeding programme for that same breed.(23)If the aim of the breeding programme is to preserve the breed, the requirements of the breeding programme could be complemented by ex situ and in situ conservation measures or any other tools for monitoring the status of the breed that would ensure a longterm, sustainable conservation of that breed. It should be possible for those measures to be laid down in the breeding programme.(24)Breeders' associations, breeding organisations, including breeding organisations which are private undertakings, or public bodies should only be recognised as breed societies when they have breeders participating in their breeding programmes and when they ensure that those breeders have free choice in the selection and breeding of their purebred breeding animals, the right to have the offspring descended from those animals entered in their breeding books and the possibility of owning those animals.(25)Prior to the implementation of changes in the approved breeding programme, a breed society or breeding operation should submit those changes to the competent authority that has recognised that breed society or breeding operation. In order to avoid an unnecessary administrative burden for the competent authority and the breed society or breeding operation, only those changes which are likely to substantially affect the breeding programme should be communicated by the breed society or breeding operation to the competent authority. Those changes should, in particular, cover the extension of the geographical territory, changes in the aim or in the selection and breeding objectives of the breeding programme, changes in the description of the breed characteristics or in the delegation of tasks to third parties, as well as major changes in the system for recording pedigrees or in the methods used for performance testing and genetic evaluation and any other changes which the competent authority considers to be a substantial modification of the breeding programme. Irrespective of the mandatory submission of significant changes to the competent authority, the breed society or breeding operation should, at the request of the competent authority, provide it with an up-to-date version of the breeding programme.(26)Where there is a recognised need to maintain or promote the development of a breed on a certain territory, or in the case of an endangered breed, the competent authority should itself have the possibility to carry out, on a temporary basis, a breeding programme for that breed, provided that no breeding programme is already effectively in place for that breed. A competent authority carrying out such a breeding programme should, however, no longer have that possibility if it is possible for the breeding programme to be handed over to an operator fulfilling the requirements necessary for the proper implementation of that breeding programme.(27)Because the preservation of endangered breeds requires the setting up and recognition of breed societies with a limited number of breeding animals participating in their breeding programmes, the size of the breeding population should not, in general, be considered to be an essential requirement for the recognition of breed societies managing endangered breeds or for the approval of their breeding programmes, particularly since the recognition is carried out nationally.(28)Specific rules, in particular those on the upgrading from the supplementary section into the main section and on derogations for the performance testing and genetic evaluation, should be laid down in this Regulation to take account of the specific status of endangered breeds.(29)The Union is a contracting party to the Convention on Biological Diversity, approved by Council Decision 93/626/EECCouncil Decision 93/626/EEC of 25 October 1993 concerning the conclusion of the Convention on Biological Diversity (OJ L 309, 13.12.1993, p. 1)., the objectives of which are in particular the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilisation of genetic resources. That Convention stipulates that the contracting parties have sovereign rights to their biological resources and are responsible for the conservation of their biological diversity and the sustainable use of their biological resources. The Union is also a party to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, approved by Council Decision 2014/283/EUCouncil Decision 2014/283/EU of 14 April 2014 on the conclusion, on behalf of the European Union, of the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (OJ L 150, 20.5.2014, p. 231).. This Regulation should therefore take into account, where applicable, the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the Nagoya Protocol and should apply without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 511/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on compliance measures for users from the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization in the Union (OJ L 150, 20.5.2014, p. 59)..(30)Breed societies and breeding operations recognised in one Member State should have the possibility to implement their approved breeding programme in one or more other Member States in order to ensure the best possible use, within the Union, of breeding animals of high genetic value. To this end a simplified notification procedure should ensure that the competent authority in the other Member State is aware of the intention to carrying out of crossborder activities. However, seasonal movements of breeding animals within the borders of a Member State or taking place over several Member States should not mandatorily entail the extension of the geographical territory.(31)Cross-border cooperation between breed societies and between breeding operations which wish to engage therein should be facilitated, while ensuring free entrepreneurship and the removal of obstacles to the free movement of breeding animals and their germinal products.(32)Since a competent authority might have to approve several breeding programmes carried out by one breed society or breeding operation it has recognised, and since a competent authority might have to approve the extension on its territories of breeding programmes carried out by a breed society or breeding operation recognised in another Member State, the recognition of the breed society or breeding operation should be separated from the approval of its breeding programmes. However, when evaluating an application for recognition as a breed society or breeding operation, the competent authority should also be provided with an application for the approval of at least one breeding programme.(33)From various complaints the Commission has had to deal with in previous years, it appears that this Regulation should provide for clear rules governing the relationship between the breed society that establishes a filial breeding book for a particular breed of purebred breeding animals of the equine species and the breed society that claims to have established the breeding book of the origin of that breed.(34)It is necessary to clarify the relationship between breeders and breed societies, in particular to ensure their right to participate in the breeding programme within the geographical territory for which it is approved and, where membership is provided for, to ensure that those breeders have the right to be members. Breed societies should have rules in place to settle disputes with breeders participating in their breeding programmes and to ensure that those breeders are treated equally. They should also set out their own rights and obligations as well as those of breeders participating in their breeding programmes.(35)Breeders whose breeding animals are moved seasonally within the border of a Member State or an area straddling national borders should have the right to continue to participate in the breeding programme as long as the headquarters of their holding is located within the geographical territory of that breeding programme.(36)The specific situation prevailing in the hybrid breeding pig sector should be taken into account in this Regulation. Most private undertakings in the hybrid breeding pig sector have closed production systems and manage their own breeding stock. Provision should therefore be made for a number of derogations for these undertakings, in particular as regards the participation by breeders in the breeding programme and the right to register hybrid breeding pigs in the breeding registers.(37)The definition of "hybrid breeding pig" covers animals from all levels in the breeding and selection pyramid, that are used for optimising cross-breeding by combining specific assets of their different genotypes and exploiting heterosis effects. Depending on the level of the breeding and selection pyramid, "hybrid breeding pig" covers breeds, lines or crosses. Thus, not all animals are necessarily "hybrid" in the traditional sense.(38)Experience gained, particularly in the application of Directive 90/427/EEC, and to a lesser extent Directives 89/361/EEC and 2009/157/EC, indicates that more precise rules are required to settle effectively disputes between breeders on the one hand and breed societies on the other hand, based on clearly established rules of procedure and described rights and duties of breeders. This is best achieved if the disputes are settled within the legal system of the Member State where they arise.(39)Breed societies which establish and maintain breeding books for purebred breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species, as well as breeding operations other than private undertakings operating in closed production systems, which establish and maintain breeding registers for hybrid breeding pigs, should enter breeding animals in their breeding books or register them in their breeding registers without discrimination as regards the Member State of origin of the animals or their owners and, where this is provided for in the breeding programme, should classify those animals according to their merits.(40)Breed societies should also be allowed to establish supplementary sections for the recording of animals which do not meet the parentage criteria but which are judged by the breed societies to comply with the breed characteristics laid down in the breeding programme of the breed concerned, with the aim of subsequently breeding those animals with purebred breeding animals belonging to the breed covered by the breeding programme in order for the progeny to be upgraded into the main section of the breeding book. The specific rules for upgrading the progeny of those animals into the main section of a breeding book should be laid down at Union level.(41)The upgrading of offspring to the main section of breeding books should only be allowed through the female line, except in the case of equine species. However, for an endangered breed of the bovine, porcine, ovine and caprine species and for "hardy" sheep breeds for which there are not enough purebred male reproductive animals, Member States should have the possibility to authorise the breed societies to apply less stringent rules for upgrading the progeny of those animals recorded in supplementary sections to the main section of the breeding book in order to avoid the further deterioration of the genetic diversity of those breeds. Likewise, special rules should be provided for to allow for the reconstruction of breeds which have disappeared or are in serious danger of disappearing. Member States making use of such derogations should carefully evaluate the risk status of those breeding populations and ensure secure management of genetic resources.(42)Where there is a need to create a new breed by associating characteristics from purebred breeding animals from different breeds or by assembling animals with a sufficient degree of physical resemblance which already reproduce with sufficient genetic stability for them to be considered as having evolved into a new breed, breed societies should be given the possibility of establishing breeding books and of carrying out breeding programmes on those new breeds.(43)Nothing in this Regulation should prevent animals recorded in a supplementary section of a breeding book of a certain breed from falling under the scope of the commitments of the agri-environment-climate measure referred to in Article 28 of Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 487). and thus being eligible for support by the national or regional authorities under their rural development programmes.(44)For purebred breeding animals of the equine species, breed societies should be able to lay down rules in their breeding programmes that prohibit or limit the use of certain reproduction techniques and of certain purebred breeding animals, including the use of their germinal products. The breed societies should, for example, be able to request that the offspring result from natural mating only. Breed societies making use of this prohibition or limitation should lay down those rules in their breeding programme in accordance with the rules set out by the breed society which is maintaining the breeding book of origin.(45)Purebred breeding animals entered in breeding books should be identified in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health ("Animal Health Law") (OJ L 84, 31.3.2016, p. 1)..(46)In the case of purebred breeding animals of the equine species, Regulation (EU) 2016/429 provides that the competent authorities in the field of animal health shall issue, for animals of the equine species, a single lifetime identification document which is to be further specified by the Commission through delegated acts. In order for the zootechnical certificate to be streamlined as far as possible with that single lifetime identification document as regards content and administrative procedure, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) should be delegated to the Commission in respect of the format and content of a single lifetime identification document for animals of the equine species.(47)The eligibility of purebred breeding animals of the equine species to compete internationally is regulated by international private agreements. Considering the international dimension of the equine sector, the Commission, when preparing and drawing up the relevant delegated and implementing acts, should take into account those agreements, so as to maintain the eligibility of those purebred breeding animals of the equine species to compete at international level.(48)The acceptance of breeding animals for breeding purposes, and in particular for natural service or assisted reproduction, should be regulated at Union level to prevent obstacles to trade, in particular where such breeding animals have undergone performance testing or genetic evaluation carried out in accordance with the rules laid down in this Regulation and in particular in Annex III.(49)It is understood that Member States or their competent authorities should not use this Regulation in order to prohibit, restrict or impede the use of purebred breeding animals or germinal products thereof for the production of animals not intended to be entered or registered as breeding animals in a breeding book or breeding register.(50)While the rules for performance testing and genetic evaluation have been established at Union level for breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine and caprine species which are tested for a certain number of traits, the numerous requirements for different breeds, uses and selections of purebred breeding animals of the equine species have, to date, prevented their harmonisation. Instead, breed specific rules for performance testing and genetic evaluation are currently established by the studbook of the origin of the breed.(51)In order to take account of technical developments, scientific advances or the need to preserve valuable genetic resources, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission to amend Annex III to this Regulation. In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should also be conferred on the Commission, enabling it to lay down uniform and more detailed rules for performance testing and for the genetic evaluation of purebred breeding animals of the bovine, ovine and caprine species.(52)It should be possible for performance testing or genetic evaluation to be carried out by a third party designated by the breed society or the breeding operation or a public body including an authority exercising this mission as a sovereign task. That third party could be authorised and evaluated by the competent authority in the context of the approval of the breeding programme. A breed society or breeding operation outsourcing performance testing or genetic evaluation should, unless otherwise decided by the relevant Member State or its competent authorities, remain responsible for ensuring compliance with the requirements applicable to those activities and should specify the designated third party in its breeding programme.(53)Depending, inter alia, on the species or on the breed, there might be a need for the harmonisation or the improvement of the methods of performance testing and genetic evaluation of purebred breeding animals used by breed societies or by the third parties designated by them. To ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission enabling it to designate European Union reference centres. In order, where necessary, to modify the task of those reference centres, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission. Those European Union reference centres should qualify for Union financial support in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 652/2014 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 652/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 laying down provisions for the management of expenditure relating to the food chain, animal health and animal welfare, and relating to plant health and plant reproductive material, amending Council Directives 98/56/EC, 2000/29/EC and 2008/90/EC, Regulations (EC) No 178/2002, (EC) No 882/2004 and (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Decisions 66/399/EEC, 76/894/EEC and 2009/470/EC (OJ L 189, 27.6.2014, p. 1).. In the case of purebred breeding animals of the bovine species, those tasks are carried out by the Interbull Centre, a permanent subcommittee of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR), which is the European Union reference centre designated by Council Decision 96/463/ECCouncil Decision 96/463/EC of 23 July 1996 designating the reference body responsible for collaborating in rendering uniform the testing methods and the assessment of the results for pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 192, 2.8.1996, p. 19)..(54)In addition, in order to provide support to breed societies managing endangered breeds, where there is a recognised need, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission, enabling it to designate European Union reference centres charged with the specific task of promoting the establishment or harmonisation of methods used by those breed societies. In order, where necessary, to modify the task of those reference centres, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should also be delegated to the Commission. When designating those centres and describing their tasks, the Commission should take duly into account the activities of the European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources (ERFP) which has been established in the framework of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources in Europe of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). The methods established by these centres should not be binding.(55)Breeders who are participating in a breeding programme should have the right to receive zootechnical certificates for their breeding animals covered by that breeding programme and for the germinal products of those animals. Zootechnical certificates should accompany breeding animals or the germinal products thereof where they are traded or entered into the Union in view of an entry or registration of those animals or of the progeny produced from those germinal products in other breeding books or breeding registers. Zootechnical certificates should inform the breeder about the genetic quality and the pedigree of the acquired animal. Such certificates should, for example, be issued, where necessary, to accompany breeding animals for exhibition purposes or when they are placed in test stations or in artificial insemination centres.(56)It should be understood that this Regulation does not prohibit Member States or competent authorities from requiring that, when traded, the semen of purebred breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species intended for artificial insemination in view of the production of animals that are not intended to become purebred breeding animals be accompanied by information on the quality and the pedigree of that animal. In general, by making the germinal products of breeding animals, and in particular their semen, and the related information on the zootechnical certificates also available for operators which reproduce animals without the intention of having their progeny entered in a breeding book, it is hoped that the competitiveness of the Union animal breeding sector could be improved.(57)The entry into the Union and the export to third countries of breeding animals and their germinal products is important for Union agriculture. The entry into the Union of breeding animals and their germinal products should therefore be carried out under conditions that are closely comparable to the rules applicable to trade in the Union. However, breeding animals and their germinal products should only be entitled to entry in the main section of a breeding book or breeding register in the Union, if the level of controls carried out in the exporting third country ensures the same certainty of pedigree details and results of performance testing and genetic evaluation as in the Union and if the breeding bodies providing those details and results are included in a list maintained by the Commission. In addition, breeding bodies in third countries should, as a matter of reciprocity, accept breeding animals and their germinal products from the respective breed society or breeding operation recognised in the Union.(58)Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987 on the tariff and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff (OJ L 256, 7.9.1987, p. 1). provides that a goods nomenclature, namely the "Combined Nomenclature", or in abbreviated form "CN", which meets at one and the same time the requirements of the Common Customs Tariff, the external trade statistics of the Community and other Union policies concerning the importation or exportation of goods, is to be established by the Commission. Annex I to that Regulation lists the CN codes for purebred breeding animals of the bovine, porcine, ovine, caprine and equine species and of bovine semen and indicates that they are exempt from the conventional rate of duties. In that case, those animals and their germinal products should be accompanied by the appropriate zootechnical certificate to support their classification as purebred breeding animals or germinal products thereof. In the case of purebred breeding animals, they should also be accompanied by a document indicating that they will be entered in a breeding book maintained by a breed society or registered in a breeding register maintained by a breeding operation.(59)Upon entry into the Union, breeding animals and their germinal products undergo veterinary checks in accordance with Council Directives 91/496/EECCouncil Directive 91/496/EEC of 15 July 1991 laying down the principles governing the organization of veterinary checks on animals entering the Community from third countries and amending Directives 89/662/EEC, 90/425/EEC and 90/675/EEC (OJ L 268, 24.9.1991, p. 56). and 97/78/ECCouncil Directive 97/78/EC of 18 December 1997 laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on products entering the Community from third countries (OJ L 24, 30.1.1998, p. 9).. In the case of purebred breeding animals, they should also undergo the necessary checks for the application of the exemption of the conventional rate of duty for purebred breeding animals.(60)It is necessary to lay down rules on official controls performed for the verification of compliance with the rules provided for in this Regulation and on other official activities carried out by the competent authorities in accordance with this Regulation that are adapted to the animal breeding sector. The competent authorities should have the possibility to carry out official controls on all operators that are subject to this Regulation, and in particular on breed societies, on breeding operations, on third parties carrying out performance testing or genetic evaluation and on breeders, and, if they issue zootechnical certificates, on semen collection and storage centres, embryo storage centres, and on embryo collection or production teams.(61)Competent authorities should carry out official controls in order to verify compliance with the rules set out in this Regulation and the requirements laid down in the approved breeding programme. Those controls might include the inspection of equipment used for performance testing or the verification of the procedures put in place for recording zootechnical and genealogical data, or the examination of documents or systems used for storing and processing such data collected on breeding animals. That examination could take into account quality checks or control systems for ensuring the accuracy of the recorded data, such as parentage controls carried out in order to verify an animal's pedigree. The competent authorities might carry out official controls on the premises and offices and on the equipment of breeders, breed societies or breeding operations as well as on the breeding animals, or the germinal products collected from those breeding animals covered by the breeding programme.(62)Where, in this Regulation, reference is made to "other official activities", this should be interpreted as covering the recognition of breed societies and breeding operations, the approval of breeding programmes or the provision of assistance to other Member States and third countries.(63)For the effective application of Union rules on breeding animals and their germinal products laid down in this Regulation, it is necessary for the competent authorities of the Member States to cooperate with each other and to provide administrative assistance whenever necessary. Accordingly, general rules on administrative assistance and cooperation, similar to those currently set out in Title IV of Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EC) No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules (OJ L 165, 30.4.2004, p. 1)., should be laid down, with the necessary adaptations, in this Regulation.(64)In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of this Regulation, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission to adopt, where there is evidence that widespread serious non-compliance with Union law on the breeding of animals is taking place in a third country, special measures in order to limit the impact of such non-compliance.(65)The competent authorities of the Member States should also have the necessary powers to enforce zootechnical and genealogical rules on breeding animals laid down in this Regulation, including the suspension of the approval of a breeding programme or the withdrawal of the recognition of a breed society or breeding operation in the event of non-compliance with the rules laid down in this Regulation.(66)The Commission should carry out controls in Member States as appropriate, inter alia, in the light of the results of the official controls carried out by Member States, to ensure the application of the rules laid down in this Regulation in all Member States.(67)The Commission should carry out controls in third countries, as appropriate, with a view to establishing the list of third country breeding bodies from which entry into the Union of breeding animals and their semen, oocytes and embryos should be allowed, with a view to drawing up the conditions for their entry into the Union and with a view to obtaining the zootechnical and genealogical information relating to the functioning of equivalence agreements. The Commission should also carry out controls in third countries where any recurring or emerging problem in relation to breeding animals or the germinal products thereof so warrants.(68)The verification of compliance with the rules provided for in this Regulation through official controls is of fundamental importance to ensuring that, across the Union, the objectives of this Regulation are effectively achieved. Failures in a Member State's control system might in certain cases substantially hinder the achievement of those objectives and lead to situations of serious widespread non-compliance with those rules. The Commission should, therefore, be able to react to serious failures in a Member State's control system by adopting measures applicable until such time as the Member State concerned takes the necessary action to remedy the disruption. Such measures include the prohibition or the enforcement of special conditions on the trade of breeding animals or their germinal products or any other measures which the Commission deems appropriate to address that widespread infringement.(69)As Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC are to be repealed and replaced by this Regulation, it is also necessary to repeal the Commission acts adopted pursuant to those Directives and, where necessary, to replace them by either delegated acts or implementing acts adopted pursuant to the respective powers conferred in this Regulation. Accordingly, those Commission acts should be repealed and, where necessary, replaced.(70)In order to ensure the proper application of this Regulation and to supplement it, or to amend Annexes to it, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in respect of laying down the requirements for performance testing and genetic evaluation, the tasks of and requirements for European Union reference centres and the content and format of zootechnical certificates.(71)When preparing and drawing up delegated acts, it is of particular importance that the Commission carry out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level, and that those consultations be conducted in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement on Better Law-Making of 13 April 2016OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1.. In particular, to ensure equal participation in the preparation of delegated acts, the European Parliament and the Council receive all documents at the same time as the Member States' experts, and their experts systematically have access to meetings of Commission expert groups dealing with the preparation of delegated acts.(72)In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation of the provisions of this Regulation concerning model forms for the information to be provided by Member States to the public on the list of recognised breed societies and breeding operations, the methods for the verification of the identity of purebred breeding animals, the performance testing and genetic evaluation, the designation of European Union reference centres, the model forms of the single lifetime identification document for equidae, the models for zootechnical certificates accompanying breeding animals and their germinal products, the recognition of equivalence of measures applied in third countries, serious disruptions in the control system of a Member State and the establishment of special measures regarding the entry into the Union of breeding animals and their germinal products, implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission. Those powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission's exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13).. Where the Standing Committee on Zootechnics delivers no opinion, the Commission should not adopt the implementing act.(73)The rules laid down in Directives 87/328/EEC, 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/118/EEC, 90/119/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 91/174/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC and Decision 96/463/EC are to be replaced by the rules laid down in this Regulation and in delegated and implementing acts of the Commission adopted pursuant to the powers conferred in this Regulation. Accordingly, those legal acts should therefore be repealed.(74)The following Commission Decisions concerning, inter alia, species-specific criteria for the approval or recognition of breed societies and breeding operations, the entry of breeding animals in breeding books and the acceptance for breeding and artificial insemination, for performance testing and genetic evaluation were adopted pursuant to Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC: Commission Decisions 84/247/EECCommission Decision 84/247/EEC of 27 April 1984 laying down die criteria for the recognition of breeders' organizations and associations which maintain or establish herd-books for pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 125, 12.5.1984, p. 58)., 84/419/EECCommission Decision 84/419/EEC of 19 July 1984 laying down the criteria for entering cattle in herd-books (OJ L 237, 5.9.1984, p. 11)., 89/501/EECCommission Decision 89/501/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the criteria for approval and supervision of breeders' associations and breeding organizations which establish or maintain herd-books for pure-bred breeding pigs (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 19)., 89/502/EECCommission Decision 89/502/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the criteria governing entry in herd-books for pure-bred breeding pigs (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 21)., 89/504/EECCommission Decision 89/504/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the criteria for approval and supervision of breeders' associations, breeding organizations and private undertakings which establish or maintain registers for hybrid breeding pigs (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 31)., 89/505/EECCommission Decision 89/505/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the criteria governing entry in registers for hybrid breeding pigs (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 33)., 89/507/EECCommission Decision 89/507/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down methods for monitoring performance and assessing the genetic value of pure-bred and hybrid breeding pigs (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 43)., 90/254/EECCommission Decision 90/254/EEC of 10 May 1990 laying down the criteria for approval of breeders' organizations and associations which establish or maintain flock-books for pure-bred breeding sheep and goats (OJ L 145, 8.6.1990, p. 30)., 90/255/EECCommission Decision 90/255/EEC of 10 May 1990 laying down the criteria governing entry in flock-books for pure-bred breeding sheep and goats (OJ L 145, 8.6.1990, p. 32)., 90/256/EECCommission Decision 90/256/EEC of 10 May 1990 laying down methods for monitoring performance and assessing the genetic value of pure-bred breeding sheep and goats (OJ L 145, 8.6.1990, p. 35)., 90/257/EECCommission Decision 90/257/EEC of 10 May 1990 laying down the criteria for the acceptance for breeding purposes of pure-bred breeding sheep and goats and the use of their semen, ova or embryos (OJ L 145, 8.6.1990, p. 38)., 92/353/EECCommission Decision 92/353/EEC of 11 June 1992 laying down the criteria for the approval or recognition of organizations and associations which maintain or establish stud-books for registered equidae (OJ L 192, 11.7.1992, p. 63)., 96/78/ECCommission Decision 96/78/EC of 10 January 1996 laying down the criteria for entry and registration of equidae in stud-books for breeding purposes (OJ L 19, 25.1.1996, p. 39). and 2006/427/ECCommission Decision 2006/427/EC of 20 June 2006 laying down performance monitoring methods and methods for assessing cattle's genetic value for pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species (OJ L 169, 22.6.2006, p. 56).. This Regulation should provide for rules replacing those laid down in those Commission decisions.(75)Similar rules to those laid down in Commission Decision 92/354/EECCommission Decision 92/354/EEC of 11 June 1992 laying down certain rules to ensure coordination between organizations and associations which maintain or establish stud-books for registered equidae (OJ L 192, 11.7.1992, p. 66). should be laid down in this Regulation.(76)The following Commission legal acts were adopted pursuant to Directives 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 94/28/EC and 2009/157/EC: Commission Decisions 89/503/EECCommission Decision 89/503/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the certificate of pure-bred breeding pigs, their semen, ova and embryos (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 22)., 89/506/EECCommission Decision 89/506/EEC of 18 July 1989 laying down the certificate of hybrid breeding pigs, their semen, ova and embryos (OJ L 247, 23.8.1989, p. 34)., 90/258/EECCommission Decision 90/258/EEC of 10 May 1990 laying down the zootechnical certificates for pure-bred breeding sheep and goats, their semen, ova and embryos (OJ L 145, 8.6.1990, p. 39)., 96/79/ECCommission Decision 96/79/EC of 12 January 1996 laying down the zootechnical certificates of semen, ova and embryos from registered equidae (OJ L 19, 25.1.1996, p. 41)., 96/509/ECCommission Decision 96/509/EC of 18 July 1996 laying down pedigree and zootechnical requirements for the importation of semen of certain animals (OJ L 210, 20.8.1996, p. 47)., 96/510/ECCommission Decision 96/510/EC of 18 July 1996 laying down the pedigree and zootechnical certificates for the importation of breeding animals, their semen, ova and embryos (OJ L 210, 20.8.1996, p. 53). and 2005/379/ECCommission Decision 2005/379/EC of 17 May 2005 on pedigree certificates and particulars for pure-bred breeding animals of the bovine species, their semen, ova and embryos (OJ L 125, 18.5.2005, p. 15)., and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/262Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/262 of 17 February 2015 laying down rules pursuant to Council Directives 90/427/EEC and 2009/156/EC as regards the methods for the identification of equidae (Equine Passport Regulation) (OJ L 59, 3.3.2015, p. 1).. This Regulation should provide for rules replacing those laid down in those Commission legal acts.(77)To ensure legal clarity and to avoid duplication, the Commission legal acts referred to in Recitals 74, 75 and 76 should be repealed from the date of application of this Regulation. In addition, the Commission should, at least 18 months before the date of application of this Regulation, adopt implementing acts laying down the model forms for the presentation of the information to be included in the list of recognised breed societies and breeding operations that is to be made public by the Member States, as well as the model forms for the zootechnical certificates for breeding animals and their germinal products. Those implementing acts should be applicable by the date of application of this Regulation.(78)In order to ensure a smooth transition for breeders' organisations, breeding organisations, breeders' associations, private undertakings or other organisations or associations which have been approved or recognised with or without a limitation in time under the acts repealed by this Regulation and for the breeding programmes carried out by those operators, those operators and their breeding programmes should be deemed to be recognised or approved in accordance with this Regulation. Consequently, those operators should not be subject to the procedures for recognition, for approval and for notification of the extension of the geographical territory to other Member States set out in this Regulation, although the other provisions of this Regulation should apply to them. Member States should ensure that those operators comply with all the rules provided for in this Regulation in particular by carrying out risk-based official controls on them. In the event of non-compliance, the competent authorities should ensure that those operators take the necessary measures to remedy that non-compliance and, where necessary, suspend or withdraw the recognition of those operators or the approval of their breeding programmes.(79)The Commission recently adopted a proposal for a new Regulation on official controls and other official activities. That new Regulation is intended to repeal Regulation (EC) No 882/2004, Council Directive 89/608/EECCouncil Directive 89/608/EEC of 21 November 1989 on mutual assistance between the administrative authorities of the Member States and cooperation between the latter and the Commission to ensure the correct application of legislation on veterinary and zootechnical matters (OJ L 351, 2.12.1989, p. 34)., Council Directive 90/425/EECCouncil Directive 90/425/EEC of 26 June 1990 concerning veterinary and zootechnical checks applicable in intra-Community trade in certain live animals and products with a view to the completion of the internal market (OJ L 224, 18.8.1990, p. 29)., and Directives 91/496/EEC and 97/78/EC. It is also intended to incorporate, with the necessary adaptations, certain of the rules laid down in Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 and in those Directives. However, the breeding of animals is not intended to fall within the scope of that new Regulation. For legal clarity and certainty and pending the repeal of Directives 89/608/EEC, 90/425/EEC, 91/496/EEC and 97/78/EC by means of that new Regulation, it is necessary to delete the references to "zootechnical" from Directives 89/608/EEC and 90/425/EEC, while Directives 91/496/EEC and 97/78/EC do not require such amendment. Directives 89/608/EEC and 90/425/EEC should therefore be amended accordingly.(80)Until the date of the application of Article 110 of Regulation (EU) 2016/429, breed societies carrying out approved breeding programmes on purebred breeding animals of the equine species should be able to continue to issue the identification documents for those purebred breeding animals in accordance with Article 8(1) of Directive 90/427/EEC.(81)This Regulation should be applicable from the first day of the twenty-eighth month after the date it enters into force,HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: