(a) the air quality objectives set out in Union legislation and progress towards the Union's long-term objective of achieving levels of air quality in line with the air quality guidelines published by the World Health Organisation; (b) the Union's biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in line with the 7th Environment Action Programme; (c) enhanced synergies between the Union's air quality policy and other relevant Union policies, in particular climate and energy policies.
Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (Text with EEA relevance )
Modified by
- Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2024/299of 27 October 2023amending Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the methodology for the reporting of projected emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants(Text with EEA relevance), 32024L0299, January 17, 2024
(1) "emission" means the release of a substance from a point or diffuse source into the atmosphere; (2) "anthropogenic emissions" means atmospheric emissions of pollutants associated with human activities; (3) "ozone precursors" means nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds, methane, and carbon monoxide; (4) "air quality objectives" means the limit values, target values and exposure concentration obligations for air quality set out in Directive 2008/50/EC and Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (OJ L 23, 26.1.2005, p. 3 ).(5) "sulphur dioxide" or "SO 2 " means all sulphur compounds expressed as sulphur dioxide, including sulphur trioxide (SO3 ), sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ), and reduced sulphur compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), mercaptans and dimethyl sulphides;(6) "nitrogen oxides" or "NO x " means nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, expressed as nitrogen dioxide;(7) "non-methane volatile organic compounds" or "NMVOC" means all organic compounds other than methane, that are capable of producing photochemical oxidants by reaction with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight; (8) "fine particulate matter" or "PM 2,5 " means particles with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2,5 micrometres (μm);(9) "black carbon" or "BC" means carbonaceous particulate matter that absorbs light; (10) "national emission reduction commitment" means the Member States' obligation in the reduction of emissions of a substance; it specifies the emission reduction that as a minimum has to be delivered in the target calendar year, as a percentage of the total of emissions released during the base year (2005); (11) "landing and take-off cycle" means the cycle that includes taxi in and out, take-off, climb out, approach, landing and all other aircraft activities that take place below the altitude of 3000 feet;(12) "international maritime traffic" means journeys at sea and in coastal waters by water-borne vessels of all flags, except fishing vessels, that depart from the territory of one country and arrive in the territory of another country; (13) "pollution control zone" means a sea area not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured, established by a Member State for the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels in accordance with applicable international rules and standards; (14) "Union source-based air pollution control legislation" means Union legislation which aims at reducing the emissions of air pollutants covered by this Directive by undertaking mitigation measures at the source.
(a) aircraft emissions beyond the landing and take-off cycle; (b) emissions from national maritime traffic to and from the territories referred to in Article 2(2); (c) emissions from international maritime traffic; (d) emissions of nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds from activities falling under the 2014 Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) as provided by the LRTAP Convention categories 3B (manure management) and 3D (agricultural soils).
(a) the Member State concerned, after having taken into account the findings of national inspection and enforcement programmes monitoring the effectiveness of Union source-based air pollution control legislation, demonstrates that the significantly different emission factors do not arise from its domestic implementation or enforcement of that legislation; (b) the Member State concerned has informed the Commission of the significant difference in the emission factors which, pursuant to Article 11(2), shall investigate the need for further action.
(a) the Member State concerned has demonstrated that all reasonable efforts, including the implementation of new measures and policies have been made to ensure compliance, and will continue to be made to keep the period of non-compliance as short as possible; and (b) the Member State concerned has demonstrated that the implementation of measures and policies additional to those referred to in point (a) would lead to disproportionate costs, substantially jeopardise national energy security, or pose a substantial risk of energy poverty to a significant part of the population.
(a) assess to what extent national emission sources are likely to have an impact on air quality in their territories and neighbouring Member States using, where appropriate, data and methodologies developed by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) under the Protocol to the LRTAP Convention on long-term financing of the cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe; (b) take account of the need to reduce air pollutant emissions for the purpose of reaching compliance with air quality objectives in their territories and, where appropriate, in neighbouring Member States; (c) prioritise emission reduction measures for black carbon when taking measures to achieve their national reduction commitments for fine particulate matter; (d) ensure coherence with other relevant plans and programmes established by virtue of the requirements set out in national or Union legislation.
(a) the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation; (b) the European Structural and Investment Funds, including relevant funding under the common agricultural policy; (c) instruments for the funding of environment and climate action such as the LIFE programme.
(a) checks to verify the transparency, accuracy, consistency, comparability and completeness of information submitted; (b) checks to identify cases where inventory data is prepared in a manner which is inconsistent with the requirements set out under international law, in particular under the LRTAP Convention; (c) where appropriate, calculation of the resulting technical corrections necessary, in consultation with the Member State concerned.
(a) by 1 July 2018 and every four years thereafter, the location of the monitoring sites and the associated indicators used for monitoring air pollution impacts; and(b) by 1 July 2019 and every four years thereafter, the monitoring data referred to in Article 9.
(a) progress towards: (i) the indicative emission levels and emission reduction commitments referred to in Article 4 and, where applicable, the reasons for any non-achievement; (ii) ambient air quality levels in line with the air quality guidelines published by the World Health Organisation; (iii) the Union's biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in line with the 7th Environment Action Programme;
(b) identification of further measures required at Union and Member State level to achieve the objectives referred to in point (a); (c) the uptake of Union funds to support the measures taken with a view to comply with the objectives of this Directive; (d) the results of the Commission examination of the national air pollution control programmes and their updates pursuant to the third subparagraph of Article 10(1); (e) an evaluation of the health, environmental and socioeconomic impacts of this Directive.
(a) the latest scientific evidence; (b) updates of the UNECE Guidance Document on Preventing and Abating Ammonia Emissions from Agricultural Sources of 2014 (the "Ammonia Guidance Document") Decision 2012/11/EC, ECE/EB/AIR/113/Add. 1. Decision ECE/EB.AIR/127, paragraph 36e. (c) updates of the Best Available Techniques as defined in point (10) of Article 3 of Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17 ).(d) agri-environment measures in the framework of the common agricultural policy.
(a) the national air pollution control programmes and any updates; (b) the national emission inventories (including, where applicable, the adjusted national emission inventories), the national emission projections, the informative inventory reports and additional reports and information provided to the Commission in accordance with Article 10.
(a) the underlying assumptions considered for each Member State for the definition of their national emission reduction potential used to prepare TSAP 16; (b) the list of relevant Union source-based air pollution control legislation; and (c) the results of the examination referred to in the third subparagraph of Article 10(1).
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(a) Articles 1 and 4 of and Annex I to Directive 2001/81/EC shall continue to apply until 31 December 2019 ;(b) Articles 7 and 8 of and Annex III to Directive 2001/81/EC shall be repealed on 31 December 2016 .
| Element | Pollutants | Time series | Reporting dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total national emissions by NFR |
| Annual, from 1990 to reporting year minus 2 (X-2) | 15 February |
| Total national emissions by NFR source category | Annual, from 2000 to reporting year minus 2 (X-2) | 15 February |
| Element | Pollutants | Time series | Reporting date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total national emissions by NFR source category |
| Annual, from 1990 (2000 for TSP,) to reporting year minus 2 (X-2) | 15 February |
| Element | Pollutants | Time series/target years | Reporting dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| National gridded data of emissions by source category (GNFR) |
| 1 May | |
| Large Point Sources (LPS) by source category (GNFR) |
| 1 May | |
| Projected emissions by NFR source category |
| 15 March |
| Element | Pollutants | Time series/target years | Reporting dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Informative Inventory Report |
| 15 March |
| Member State | SO | NO | NMVOC reduction compared with 2005 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For any year from 2020 to 2029 | For any year from 2030 | For any year from 2020 to 2029 | For any year from 2030 | For any year from 2020 to 2029 | For any year from 2030 | ||||
| Belgium | 43 % | 66 % | 41 % | 59 % | 21 % | 35 % | |||
| Bulgaria | 78 % | 88 % | 41 % | 58 % | 21 % | 42 % | |||
| Czech Republic | 45 % | 66 % | 35 % | 64 % | 18 % | 50 % | |||
| Denmark | 35 % | 59 % | 56 % | 68 % | 35 % | 37 % | |||
| Germany | 21 % | 58 % | 39 % | 65 % | 13 % | 28 % | |||
| Estonia | 32 % | 68 % | 18 % | 30 % | 10 % | 28 % | |||
| Greece | 74 % | 88 % | 31 % | 55 % | 54 % | 62 % | |||
| Spain | 67 % | 88 % | 41 % | 62 % | 22 % | 39 % | |||
| France | 55 % | 77 % | 50 % | 69 % | 43 % | 52 % | |||
| Croatia | 55 % | 83 % | 31 % | 57 % | 34 % | 48 % | |||
| Ireland | 65 % | 85 % | 49 % | 69 % | 25 % | 32 % | |||
| Italy | 35 % | 71 % | 40 % | 65 % | 35 % | 46 % | |||
| Cyprus | 83 % | 93 % | 44 % | 55 % | 45 % | 50 % | |||
| Latvia | 8 % | 46 % | 32 % | 34 % | 27 % | 38 % | |||
| Lithuania | 55 % | 60 % | 48 % | 51 % | 32 % | 47 % | |||
| Luxembourg | 34 % | 50 % | 43 % | 83 % | 29 % | 42 % | |||
| Hungary | 46 % | 73 % | 34 % | 66 % | 30 % | 58 % | |||
| Malta | 77 % | 95 % | 42 % | 79 % | 23 % | 27 % | |||
| Netherlands | 28 % | 53 % | 45 % | 61 % | 8 % | 15 % | |||
| Austria | 26 % | 41 % | 37 % | 69 % | 21 % | 36 % | |||
| Poland | 59 % | 70 % | 30 % | 39 % | 25 % | 26 % | |||
| Portugal | 63 % | 83 % | 36 % | 63 % | 18 % | 38 % | |||
| Romania | 77 % | 88 % | 45 % | 60 % | 25 % | 45 % | |||
| Slovenia | 63 % | 92 % | 39 % | 65 % | 23 % | 53 % | |||
| Slovakia | 57 % | 82 % | 36 % | 50 % | 18 % | 32 % | |||
| Finland | 30 % | 34 % | 35 % | 47 % | 35 % | 48 % | |||
| Sweden | 22 % | 22 % | 36 % | 66 % | 25 % | 36 % | |||
| United Kingdom | 59 % | 88 % | 55 % | 73 % | 32 % | 39 % | |||
| EU 28 | 59 % | 79 % | 42 % | 63 % | 28 % | 40 % | |||
| Member State | NH | PM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For any year from 2020 to 2029 | For any year from 2030 | For any year from 2020 to 2029 | For any year from 2030 | |||
| Belgium | 2 % | 13 % | 20 % | 39 % | ||
| Bulgaria | 3 % | 12 % | 20 % | 41 % | ||
| Czech Republic | 7 % | 22 % | 17 % | 60 % | ||
| Denmark | 24 % | 24 % | 33 % | 55 % | ||
| Germany | 5 % | 29 % | 26 % | 43 % | ||
| Estonia | 1 % | 1 % | 15 % | 41 % | ||
| Greece | 7 % | 10 % | 35 % | 50 % | ||
| Spain | 3 % | 16 % | 15 % | 50 % | ||
| France | 4 % | 13 % | 27 % | 57 % | ||
| Croatia | 1 % | 25 % | 18 % | 55 % | ||
| Ireland | 1 % | 5 % | 18 % | 41 % | ||
| Italy | 5 % | 16 % | 10 % | 40 % | ||
| Cyprus | 10 % | 20 % | 46 % | 70 % | ||
| Latvia | 1 % | 1 % | 16 % | 43 % | ||
| Lithuania | 10 % | 10 % | 20 % | 36 % | ||
| Luxembourg | 1 % | 22 % | 15 % | 40 % | ||
| Hungary | 10 % | 32 % | 13 % | 55 % | ||
| Malta | 4 % | 24 % | 25 % | 50 % | ||
| Netherlands | 13 % | 21 % | 37 % | 45 % | ||
| Austria | 1 % | 12 % | 20 % | 46 % | ||
| Poland | 1 % | 17 % | 16 % | 58 % | ||
| Portugal | 7 % | 15 % | 15 % | 53 % | ||
| Romania | 13 % | 25 % | 28 % | 58 % | ||
| Slovenia | 1 % | 15 % | 25 % | 60 % | ||
| Slovakia | 15 % | 30 % | 36 % | 49 % | ||
| Finland | 20 % | 20 % | 30 % | 34 % | ||
| Sweden | 15 % | 17 % | 19 % | 19 % | ||
| United Kingdom | 8 % | 16 % | 30 % | 46 % | ||
| EU 28 | 6 % | 19 % | 22 % | 49 % | ||
(a) the national air quality and pollution policy framework in which context the programme has been developed, including: (i) the policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas, including climate change and, when appropriate, agriculture, industry and transport; (ii) the responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities; (iii) the progress made by current policies and measures in reducing emissions and improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union obligations; (iv) the projected further evolution assuming no change to already adopted policies and measures;
(b) the policy options considered to comply with the emission reduction commitments for the period between 2020 and 2029 and for 2030 onwards and the intermediate emission levels determined for 2025 and to contribute to further improve the air quality, and their analysis, including the method of analysis; where available, the individual or combined impacts of the policies and measures on emission reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated uncertainties; (c) the measures and policies selected for adoption, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities responsible; (d) where relevant, an explanation of the reasons why the indicative emission levels for 2025 cannot be met without measures entailing disproportionate costs; (e) where relevant, an account of the use of the flexibilities set out in Article 5 and any environmental consequences arising from such use; (f) an assessment of how selected policies and measures ensure coherence with plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy areas.
(a) an assessment of the progress made with implementation of the programme, the reduction of emissions and the reduction of concentrations; (b) any significant changes in the policy context, assessments, the programme or the implementation timetable thereof.
(a) nitrogen management, taking into account the whole nitrogen cycle; (b) livestock feeding strategies; (c) low-emission manure spreading techniques; (d) low-emission manure storage systems; (e) low-emission animal housing systems; (f) possibilities for limiting ammonia emissions from the use of mineral fertilisers.
(a) replacing urea-based fertilisers by ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers; (b) where urea-based fertilisers continue to be applied, using methods that have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 30 % compared with the use of the reference method, as specified in the Ammonia Guidance Document; (c) promoting the replacement of inorganic fertilisers by organic fertilisers and, where inorganic fertilisers continue to be applied, spreading them in line with the foreseeable requirements of the receiving crop or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus, also taking into account the existing nutrient content in the soil and nutrients from other fertilisers.
(a) reducing emissions from slurry and solid manure application to arable land and grassland, by using methods that reduce emissions by at least 30 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document and on the following conditions: (i) only spreading manures and slurries in line with the foreseeable nutrient requirement of the receiving crop or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorous, also taking into account the existing nutrient content in the soil and the nutrients from other fertilisers; (ii) not spreading manures and slurries when the receiving land is water saturated, flooded, frozen or snow covered; (iii) applying slurries spread to grassland using a trailing hose, trailing shoe or through shallow or deep injection; (iv) incorporating manures and slurries spread to arable land within the soil within four hours of spreading;
(b) reducing emissions from manure storage outside of animal houses, by using the following approaches: (i) for slurry stores constructed after 1 January 2022 , using low emission storage systems or techniques which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 60 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document, and for existing slurry stores at least 40 %;(ii) covering stores for solid manure; (iii) ensuring farms have sufficient manure storage capacity to spread manure only during periods that are suitable for crop growth:
(c) reducing emissions from animal housing, by using systems which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 20 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document; (d) reducing emissions from manure, by using low protein feeding strategies which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 10 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document.
(a) improvement of soil structure through incorporation of harvest residue; (b) improved techniques for incorporation of harvest residue; (c) alternative use of harvest residue; (d) improvement of the nutrient status and soil structure through incorporation of manure as required for optimal plant growth, thereby avoiding burning of manure (farmyard manure, deep-straw bedding).
(a) clear identification of the adopted and planned policies and measures included in the projections; (b) where appropriate, the results of sensitivity analysis performed for the projections; (c) a description of methodologies, models, underlying assumptions and key input and output parameters.
(a) descriptions, references and sources of information of the specific methodologies, assumptions, emission factors and activity data, as well as the rationale for their selection; (b) a description of the national key categories of emission sources; (c) information on uncertainties, quality assurance and verification; (d) a description of the institutional arrangements for inventory preparation; (e) recalculations and planned improvements; (f) if relevant, information on the use of the flexibilities provided for under Article 5(1), (2), (3) and (4); (g) if relevant, information on the reasons for deviating from the reduction trajectory determined in accordance with Article 4(2), as well as the measures to converge back on the trajectory; (h) an executive summary.
(a) evidence that the concerned national emission reduction commitment/s is/are exceeded; (b) evidence of the extent to which the adjustment to the emission inventory reduces the exceedance and contributes to compliance with the concerned national emission reduction commitment/s; (c) an estimation of whether and when the concerned national emission reduction commitment/s is/are expected to be attained based on national emission projections without the adjustment; (d) evidence that the adjustment is consistent with one or several of the following three circumstances. Reference can be made, as appropriate, to relevant previous adjustments: (i) in the case of new emission source categories: evidence that the new emission source category is acknowledged in scientific literature and/or the EMEP/EEA Guidebook; evidence that this source category was not included in the relevant historic national emission inventory at the time when the emission reduction commitment was set; evidence that emissions from a new source category contribute to a Member State being unable to meet its emission reduction commitments, supported by a detailed description of the methodology, data and emission factors used to arrive at that conclusion;
(ii) in the case of significantly different emission factors used for determining emissions from specific source categories: a description of the original emission factors, including a detailed description of the scientific basis upon which the emission factor was derived; evidence that the original emission factors were used for determining the emission reductions at the time when they were set; a description of the updated emission factors, including detailed information on the scientific basis upon which the emission factor was derived; a comparison of emission estimates made using the original and the updated emission factors, demonstrating that the change in emission factors contributes to a Member State being unable to meet its reduction commitments; the rationale for deciding whether the changes in emission factors are significant;
(iii) in the case of significantly different methodologies used for determining emissions from specific source categories: a description of the original methodology used, including detailed information on the scientific basis upon which the emission factor was derived; evidence that the original methodology was used for determining the emission reductions at the time when they were set; a description of the updated methodology used, including a detailed description of the scientific basis or reference upon which it has been derived; a comparison of emission estimates made using the original and updated methodologies demonstrating that the change in methodology contributes to a Member State being unable to meet its reduction commitment; the rationale for deciding whether the change in methodology is significant.
(a) for freshwater ecosystems: establishing the extent of biological damage, including sensitive receptors (microphytes, macrophytes and diatoms), and loss of fish stock or invertebrates: the key indicator acid neutralising capacity (ANC) and the supporting indicators acidity (pH), dissolved sulphate (SO 4 ), nitrate (NO3 ) and dissolved organic carbon:frequency of sampling: from yearly (in lake autumn turnover) to monthly (streams).
(b) for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing the soil acidity, soil nutrients loss, nitrogen status and balance as well as biodiversity loss: (i) the key indicator soil acidity: exchangeable fractions of base cations (base saturation) and exchangeable aluminium in soils: frequency of sampling: every 10 years; supporting indicators: pH, sulphate, nitrate, base cations, aluminium concentrations in soil solution: frequency of sampling: every year (where relevant);
(ii) the key indicator soil nitrate leaching (NO 3,leach ):frequency of sampling: every year; (iii) the key indicator carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and the supporting indicator of total nitrogen in soil (N tot ):frequency of sampling: every 10 years; (iv) the key indicator nutrient balance in foliage (N/P,N/K, N/Mg): frequency of sampling: every four years.
(c) for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing ozone damage to vegetation growth and biodiversity: (i) the key indicator vegetation growth and foliar damage and the supporting indicator carbon flux (C flux ):frequency of sampling: every year; (ii) the key indicator exceedance of flux-based critical levels: frequency of sampling: every year during the growing season.
| Directive 2001/81/EC | This Directive |
|---|---|
| Article 1 | Article 1 |
| Article 2, 1 | Article 2 |
| Article 3, point (e) | Article 3, point (1) |
| — | Article 3, points (2), (3), (4), (5), (8), (9), (12) and (13) |
| Article 3, point (i) | Article 3, point (6) |
| Article 3, point (k) | Article 3, point (7) |
| Article 3, point (h) | Article 3, point (10) |
| Article 3, point (g) | Article 3, point (11) |
| Article 4 | Article 4(1) and (2) |
| Article 2, 2 | Article 4(3) |
| — | Article 5 |
| Article 6(1) | Article 6(1) |
| Article 6(2) | Article 6(2), (5) to(10) |
| Article 6(3) | Article 6(3) and (4) |
| — | Article 7 |
| Article 7(1) | Article 8(1), first subparagraph |
| — | Article 8(1), second subparagraph, (2) to (4) |
| Article 7(2) | Article 8(5) |
| Article 7(3) | Article 8(6) |
| Article 7(4) | Article 8(7) |
| — | Article 9 |
| Article 8(2) | Article 10(1) |
| Article 8(1) | Article 10(2) |
| — | Article 10(3) and (4) |
| Article 9 | Article 11 |
| — | Article 12 |
| Article 10 | Article 13 |
| Article 6(4) | Article 14(1) |
| Article 7(3) and Article 8(3) | Article 14(2) and (3) |
| Article 11 | Article 15 |
| Article 13(3) | Article 16 |
| Article 13(1) and (2) | Article 17 |
| Article 14 | Article 18 |
| — | Article 19 |
| Article 15 | Article 20 |
| — | Article 21 |
| Article 16 | Article 22 |
| Article 17 | Article 23 |
| Article 8(1) and Annex III | Annex I |
| Annex I | Annex II |
| — | Annexes III, V and VI |
| Annex III | Annex IV |
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