Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person (recast) Basic information Dates Date of document: Date of publication: Date of effect: July 19, 2013 Entry into force - Date pub. +20 See Art 49 January 1, 2014 Date of end of validity: Modified by Corrected by: All documents based on this document: Repealed by: Modifies Modifies: Repeal: Implicit repeal: Affected by case Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 26 July 2017. Tsegezab Mengesteab v Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Minden. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection made in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Article 20 — Start of the determination process — Lodging an application for international protection — Report prepared by the authorities that reached the competent authorities — Article 21(1) — Time limits for making a take charge request — Transfer of responsibility to another Member State — Article 27 — Remedy — Scope of judicial review. Case C-670/16. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 19 March 2019. Bashar Ibrahim and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesrepublik Deutschland v Taus Magamadov. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection — Directive 2013/32/EU — Article 33(2)(a) — Rejection by the authorities of a Member State of an application for asylum as being inadmissible because of the prior granting of subsidiary protection in another Member State — Article 52 — Scope ratione temporis of that directive — Articles 4 and 18 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Systemic flaws in the asylum procedure in that other Member State — Systematic rejection of applications for asylum — Substantial risk of suffering inhuman or degrading treatment — Living conditions of those granted subsidiary protection in that other State. Joined Cases C-297/17, C-318/17, C-319/17 and C-438/17. Order of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 26 March 2021. VW v Agence fédérale pour l'Accueil des demandeurs d'asile (Fedasil). Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail de Liège. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Asylum policy – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III) – Article 27 – Remedies against a transfer decision – Suspensive effect of the remedy – Article 29 – Modalities and time limits for transfers – Standards for the reception of applicants for international protection – Directive 2013/33/EU – Article 18 – National measure allocating to an applicant in respect of whom a transfer decision has been made a place in a specialised reception facility where those accommodated receive support in preparing to be transferred. Case C-92/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 12 January 2023. Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v B. and F, K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State. References for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Lodging of multiple applications for international protection in three Member States – Article 29 – Time limit for transfer – Expiry – Transfer of responsibility for examining the application – Article 27 – Remedy – Scope of judicial review – Possibility for the applicant to rely on the transfer of responsibility for examining the application. Joined Cases C-323/21 to C-325/21. A29P1 A29 C19 A29P2 A23P2 A23 A27P1 Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 1 August 2022. I and S v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag zittingsplaats Haarlem. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 8(2) and Article 27(1) – Unaccompanied minor with a relative legally present in another Member State – Refusal by that Member State of that minor’s take charge request – Right to an effective remedy of that minor or of that relative against the refusal decision – Articles 7, 24 and 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Best interests of the child. Case C-19/21. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 30 November 2023. Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l'Immigrazione – Unità Dublino and Others v CZA and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Corte suprema di cassazione, Tribunale ordinario di Roma, Tribunale Ordinario di Firenze, Tribunale di Milano and Tribunale di Trieste. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Asylum policy – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Articles 3 to 5, 17 and 27 – Regulation (EU) No 603/2013 – Article 29 – Regulation (EU) No 1560/2003 – Annex X – Right to information of the applicant for international protection – Common leaflet – Personal interview – Application for international protection previously lodged in a first Member State – New application lodged in a second Member State – Illegal stay in the second Member State – Take back procedure – Infringement of the right to information – No personal interview – Protection against the risk of indirect refoulement – Mutual trust – Judicial review of the transfer decision – Scope – Finding of the existence, in the requested Member State, of systemic flaws in the asylum procedure and in the reception conditions for applicants for international protection – Discretionary clauses – Risk of infringement of the principle of non-refoulement in the requested Member State. Joined Cases C-228/21, C-254/21, C-297/21, C-315/21 and C-328/21. A03P2L2 A03P1 A27 A04 A05 A17P1 Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 16 February 2017. C. K. and Others v Republika Slovenija. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Borders, asylum and immigration — Dublin system — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Inhuman or degrading treatment — Transfer of a seriously ill asylum seeker to the State responsible for examining his application — No substantial grounds for believing that there are proven systemic flaws in that Member State — Obligations imposed on the Member State having to carry out the transfer. Case C-578/16 PPU. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 13 November 2018. X and X v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag zittingsplaats Haarlem. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Regulation (EC) No 1560/2003 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection — Criteria and mechanisms for determination — Request to take charge of or take back an asylum seeker — Negative reply from the requested Member State — Re-examination request — Article 5(2) of Regulation No 1560/2003 — Time limit for replying — Expiry — Effects. Joined Cases C-47/17 and C-48/17. A23P2 A22 A23 A25 A21P1 A21 Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 10 December 2020. M.S. and Others v Minister for Justice and Equality. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Asylum policy – Procedure for granting and withdrawing refugee status – Directive 2005/85/EC – Article 25(2) – Grounds for inadmissibility – Rejection by one Member State of an application for international protection as inadmissible due to the earlier grant to the applicant of subsidiary protection in another Member State – Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013. Case C-616/19. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 1 August 2022. RO légalement représentée v Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Cottbus. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Common policy on asylum – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III) – Application for international protection lodged by a minor in his or her Member State of birth – Parents of that minor who have previously obtained refugee status in another Member State – Article 3(2) – Article 9 – Article 20(3) – Directive 2013/32/EU – Article 33(2)(a) – Admissibility of the application for international protection and responsibility for examining it. Case C-720/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 March 2023. Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v E.N. and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 27 – Appeal against a decision to transfer an asylum seeker – Article 29 – Transfer time limit – Suspension of that time limit on appeal – Interim measure requested by the authorities. Case C-556/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 21 September 2023. Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v E. and S. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Dublin System – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Responsibility of the Member State which issued a residence document to the applicant – Article 2(l) – Meaning of ‘residence document’ – Diplomatic card issued by a Member State – Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Case C-568/21. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 25 October 2017. Majid auch Madzhdi Shiri v Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Article 27 — Remedy — Scope of the judicial review — Article 29 — Time limit for carrying out the transfer — No transfer within the time limit laid down — Obligations of the Member State responsible — Transfer of responsibility — Requirement for a decision of the Member State responsible. Case C-201/16. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 2 April 2019. Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie v H. and R. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Article 18(1)(b) to (d) — Article 23(1) — Article 24(1) — Take back procedure — Criteria for determining responsibility — New application lodged in another Member State — Article 20(5) — Ongoing determination process — Withdrawal of the application — Article 27 — Remedies. Joined Cases C-582/17 and C-583/17. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 April 2021. H. A. v État belge. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d'État. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 27 – Remedy – Whether account should be taken of circumstances subsequent to the transfer decision – Effective judicial protection. Case C-194/19. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 30 March 2023. Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v S.S. and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 27 – Appeal against a transfer decision taken in respect of an asylum seeker – Article 29 – Suspension of implementation of the transfer decision – Transfer time limit – Interruption of the transfer time limit – Directive 2004/81/EC – Residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities – Article 6 – Reflection period – Prohibition on enforcing an expulsion order – Remedies. Case C-338/21. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 March 2017. Policie ČR, Krajské ředitelství policie Ústeckého kraje, odbor cizinecké policie v Salah Al Chodor and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší správní soud. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III) — Article 28(2) — Detention for the purpose of transfer — Article 2(n) — Significant risk of absconding — Objective criteria — Absence of a legal definition. Case C-528/15. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 29 February 2024. X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Request for a preliminary ruling from the rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats 's-Hertogenbosch. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Common policy on asylum and immigration – Application for international protection – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Article 4 – Risks of inhuman or degrading treatment – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining the application for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Article 3(2) – Scope of the obligations of the Member State which has sought to have the applicant taken back by the Member State responsible and wishes to transfer the applicant to the latter Member State – Principle of mutual trust – Evidence and standard of proof of the real risk of inhuman or degrading treatment, resulting from systemic flaws – Practices of pushback to a third country and detention at border control posts. Case C-392/22. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 26 July 2017. Proceedings brought by Khadija Jafari and Zainab Jafari. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Arrival of an unusually large number of third-country nationals seeking international protection — Organisation of border crossing by the authorities of one Member State for the purpose of transit to another Member State — Entry authorised by way of derogation on humanitarian grounds — Article 2(m) — Definition of a ‘visa’ — Article 12 — Issuing of a visa — Article 13 — Irregular crossing of an external border. Case C-646/16. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 June 2016. Mehrdad Ghezelbash v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Article 12 — Issue of residence documents or visas — Article 27 — Remedies — Extent of judicial scrutiny. Case C-63/15. Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 31 March 2022. IA v Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Dublin system – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Article 29(2) – Transfer of the asylum seeker to the Member State responsible for examining the application for international protection – Six-month time limit for transfer – Possibility of extending that time limit up to a maximum of one year in the event of imprisonment – Definition of ‘imprisonment’ – Court-authorised non-voluntary committal of the asylum seeker to a hospital psychiatric department. Case C-231/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 23 January 2019. M.A. and Others v The International Protection Appeals Tribunal and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the High Court (Ireland). Reference for a preliminary ruling — Asylum policy — Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Discretionary clauses — Assessment criteria. Case C-661/17. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 31 May 2018. Adil Hassan v Préfet du Pas-de-Calais. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal administratif de Lille. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for the examination of an application for international protection lodged in a Member State by a third-country national — Procedures for taking charge and taking back — Article 26(1) — Adoption and notification of the transfer decision before the acceptance of the take back request by the requested Member State. Case C-647/16. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 5 July 2018. X v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, sitting in Amsterdam. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection made in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Articles 17, 18, 23 and 24 — Prior international protection procedure ongoing in one Member State — New application in another Member State — Take back request not made within the prescribed periods — Surrender of the person concerned for criminal prosecution. Case C-213/17. A23P2 A18P2 A24P5 A23P3 A17P1 A24 Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 October 2024. C v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Roermond. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Urgent preliminary ruling procedure – Border control, asylum and immigration – Directive 2008/115/EC – Article 15(2)(b) – Detention of a third-country national for the purpose of removal – Directive 2013/33/EU – Article 9 – Detention of an applicant for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Article 28(2) – Detention for the purpose of transfer – Unlawful detention – Articles 6 and 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Case C-387/24 PPU. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 13 September 2017. Mohammad Khir Amayry v Migrationsverket. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm - Migrationsöverdomstolen. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Article 28 — Detention for the purposes of transfer of an applicant for international protection to the Member State responsible — Deadline for carrying out the transfer — Maximum period of detention — Calculation — Request to take charge accepted before the detention — Suspension of the implementation of the transfer decision. Case C-60/16. Order of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 26 March 2021. EV v Agence fédérale pour l'Accueil des demandeurs d'asile (Fedasil). Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail de Liège. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Asylum policy – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III) – Article 27 – Remedies against a transfer decision – Suspensive effect of the remedy – Article 29 – Modalities and time limits for transfers – Standards for the reception of applicants for international protection – Directive 2013/33/EU – Article 18 – National measure allocating to an applicant in respect of whom a transfer decision has been made a place in a specialised reception facility where those accommodated receive support in preparing to be transferred. Case C-134/21. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 18 June 2024. QY v Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection – Directive 2013/32/EU – Article 33(2)(a) – No possibility for the authorities of a Member State to reject an application for asylum as inadmissible on the ground that refugee status was previously granted in another Member State – Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Risk of being subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment in that other Member State – Examination by those authorities of that application for asylum despite the granting of refugee status in that other Member State – Directive 2011/95/EU – Article 4 – Individual examination. Case C-753/22. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 20 October 2022. O.T. E. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Border controls, asylum and immigration – Asylum policy – Residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate irregular immigration, who cooperate with the competent authorities – Directive 2004/81/EC – Article 6 – Scope – Third-country national claiming to be the victim of an offence related to the trafficking in human beings – Entitlement to the reflection period provided for in Article 6(1) of that directive – Prohibition on enforcing an expulsion measure – Definition – Scope – Calculation of that reflection period – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person – Transfer to the Member State responsible for examining that application for international protection. Case C-66/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 2 August 2021. A v B. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Korkein oikeus. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility – Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 – Scope – Article 2(11) – Definition of ‘wrongful removal or retention of a child’ – Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 – Application for return of a child of a young age whose parents have joint custody – Third-country nationals – Transfer of the child and his mother to the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection under Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III). Case C-262/21 PPU. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 7 June 2016. George Karim v Migrationsverket. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm - Migrationsöverdomstolen. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determining the Member State responsible for examining applications for asylum lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Article 18 — Taking back an asylum seeker whose application is under examination — Article 19 — Cessation of responsibilities — Absence from the territory of the Member States for a period of at least three months — New procedure for determining the Member State responsible — Article 27 — Remedy — Extent of judicial review. Case C-155/15. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 25 January 2018. Bundesrepublik Deutschland v Aziz Hasan. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national –– Procedures and periods laid down for making a take back request –– Unlawful return of a third-country national to a Member State that has transferred him — Article 24 — Take back procedure –– Article 27 — Remedy — Scope of judicial review — Circumstances after the transfer. Case C-360/16. A24P2 A27P1 A24P3 A24 C19 Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 26 July 2017. A.S. v Republic of Slovenia. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Vrhovno sodišče. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Determination of the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national — Arrival of an exceptionally large number of third-country nationals wishing to obtain international protection — Organisation by the authorities of a Member State of the crossing of the border for the purpose of transit to another Member State — Entry authorised by way of derogation for humanitarian reasons — Article 13 — Irregular crossing of an external border — Period of 12 months from the crossing of the border — Article 27 — Remedy — Scope of judicial review — Article 29 — Period of six months for the purpose of effecting the transfer — Running of the periods — Use of an appeal — Suspensory effect. Case C-490/16. A07P2 A27P1 A29P1 A27P3 A13P1 C19 A29P2 Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 18 April 2024. AHY v Minister for Justice. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Asylum policy – Determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Transfer of the asylum seeker to the Member State responsible for examining the application for international protection – Article 17(1) – Discretionary clause – Article 27(1) and (3) and Article 29(3) – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Remedies – Suspensive effect. Case C-359/22. Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 16 February 2023. L.G. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank den Haag zittingsplaats Zwolle. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Asylum policy – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection – Article 6(1) – Best interests of the child – Article 16(1) – Dependent person – Article 17(1) – Discretionary clauses – Implementation by a Member State – Third-country national pregnant at the time of lodging her application for international protection – Marriage – Spouse beneficiary of international protection in the Member State concerned – Decision refusing to process the application and to transfer the applicant to another Member State deemed to be responsible for the application. Case C-745/21. A10 A13 A15 A17P1 A09 A08 A12 A11 A16P1 A14 A07 Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 19 March 2019. Abubacarr Jawo v Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof Baden-Württemberg. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Dublin system — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Transfer of the asylum seeker to the Member State responsible for examining the application for international protection — Concept of ‘absconding’ — Modalities of extending the time limit for transfer — Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Substantial risk of inhuman or degrading treatment on completion of the asylum procedure — Living conditions of beneficiaries of international protection in that Member State. Case C-163/17. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 17 March 2016. Shiraz Baig Mirza v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Debreceni Közigazgatási és Munkaügyi Bíróság. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Urgent preliminary ruling procedure — Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 — Criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection — Article 3(3) — Right of Member States to send an applicant to a safe third country — Article 18 — Obligations of the Member State responsible for examining the application in the event that the applicant is taken back — Directive 2013/32/EU — Common procedures for granting and withdrawing international protection — Examination of an application for international protection. Case C-695/15 PPU. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 November 2022. Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v C and B and X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State and Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats 's-Hertogenbosch. References for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Detention of third-country nationals – Fundamental right to liberty – Article 6 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Conditions governing the lawfulness of detention – Directive 2008/115/EC – Article 15 – Directive 2013/33/EU – Article 9 – Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 – Article 28 – Review of the lawfulness of detention and of the continuation of a detention measure – Ex officio review – Fundamental right to an effective judicial remedy – Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Joined Cases C-704/20 and C-39/21. Case C-69/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 10 February 2020 — Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) v Ms C. Case C-231/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 12 April 2021 — IA article 29 paragraph 2 sentence 1 article 29 paragraph 2 sentence 2 Case C-48/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, sitting in Haarlem (Netherlands) lodged on 3 February 2017 — X v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie Case C-189/24, Tudmur: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberverwaltungsgericht für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany) lodged on 8 March 2024 – QS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 3 paragraph 2 unnumbered paragraph 2 Case C-568/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 16 September 2021 — Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid; Other parties: E. and S., also on behalf of their minor children Case C-36/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Minden (Germany) lodged on 25 January 2017 — Daher Muse Ahmed v Bundesrepublik Deutschland Case C-438/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 20 July 2017 — Federal Republic of Germany v Taus Magamadov Case C-47/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, sitting in Haarlem (Netherlands) lodged on 1 February 2017 — X v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie Case C-185/24, Tudmur: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberverwaltungsgericht für das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen (Germany) lodged on 7 March 2024 – RL v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 3 paragraph 2 unnumbered paragraph 2 Case C-56/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad Sofia-grad (Bulgaria) lodged on 3 February 2017 — Bahtiar Fathi v Predsedatel na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite article 2 point (d) article 3 paragraph 1 FR 2 article 3 paragraph 1 CONSID 12 article 17 article 17 paragraph 1 Case C-528/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší správní soud (Czech Republic) lodged on 7 October 2015 — Policie ČR v Salah Al Chodor and Others Case C-360/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 29 June 2016 — Federal Republic of Germany v Aziz Hasan article 24 paragraph 2 article 24 article 23 article 23 paragraph 3 article 18 paragraph 1 point (d) article 18 paragraph 1 point (b) article 29 paragraph 2 article 29 paragraph 1 article 24 paragraph 3 article 18 paragraph 1 point (c) article 23 paragraph 2 Case C-490/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije (Slovenia) lodged on 14 September 2016 — A.S. v Republic of Slovenia article 13 paragraph 1 article 27 article 29 paragraph 2 Case C-338/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 31 May 2021 — Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, other parties: S.S., N.Z., S.S. article 29 article 27 paragraph 3 point (c) article 27 paragraph 3 Case C-262/21 PPU: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Korkein oikeus (Finland) lodged on 23 April 2021 — A v B Case C-67/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 10 February 2020 — Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) v Mr M. Case C-163/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof Baden-Württemberg (Germany) lodged on 3 April 2017 — Abubacarr Jawo v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 29 paragraph 2 FR 2 article 29 paragraph 1 L 1 Case C-68/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 10 February 2020 — Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) v Ms C. Case C-201/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 12 April 2016 — Majid (or Madzhdi) Shiri recital 19 article 27 paragraph 1 article 29 paragraph 2 article 29 paragraph 1 Case C-19/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Haarlem (Netherlands) lodged on 13 January 2021 — I, S v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid article 27 article 9 article 8 recital 19 article 10 Case C-134/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 4 March 2021 — EV v Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (FEDASIL) article 26 paragraph 1 article 27 Case C-387/24, Bouskoura: Request for a preliminary ruling from the rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats Roermond (Netherlands) lodged on 4 June 2024 – C v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid Case C-80/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale ordinario di Bologna (Italy) lodged on 7 February 2022 — BU v Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l’Immigrazione — Unità Dublino article 23 article 18 paragraph 1 paragraph (b) article 5 article 27 article 27 paragraph 1 article 4 paragraph 2 article 4 Case C-63/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, sitting in ’s-Hertogenbosch, (Netherlands) lodged on 12 February 2015 — Mehrdad Ghezelbash v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie Case C-213/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, sitting in Amsterdam (Netherlands) lodged on 25 April 2017 — X v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie article 2 point (d) article 24 paragraph 1 article 24 article 24 paragraph 5 article 23 paragraph 3 article 3 paragraph 1 article 17 paragraph 1 article 18 point 2 Case C-208/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats’s-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands) lodged on 18 March 2022 — F v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid recital 3 recital 39 recital 32 article 3 paragraph 2 Case C-670/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Minden (Germany) lodged on 29 December 2016 — Tsegezab Mengesteab v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 21 paragraph 1 L 3 article 20 paragraph 2 article 21 paragraph 1 L 2 article 21 paragraph 1 L 1 article 22 paragraph 7 article 17 paragraph 1 L 1 Case C-505/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 18 August 2021 — FU v Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) Case C-60/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm — Migrationsöverdomstolen (Sweden) lodged on 3 February 2016 — Mohammad Khir Amayry v Migrationsverket article 27 paragraph 3 article 28 paragraph 3 article 27 paragraph 4 article 28 article 27 paragraph 3 point (c) Case C-319/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 30 May 2017 — Nisreen Sharqawi and Others v Federal Republic of Germany Case C-245/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 19 April 2021 –Bundesrepublik Deutschland represented by the Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat v MA, PB article 29 paragraph 1 article 27 paragraph 3 point (c) article 27 paragraph 4 Case C-753/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 12 December 2022 — QY v Federal Republic of Germany article 3 paragraph 1 sentence 2 Case C-695/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Közigazgatási és Munkaügyi Bíróság (Hungary) lodged on 23 December 2015 — Shiraz Baig Mirza v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal article 18 paragraph 2 article 3 paragraph 3 Case C-155/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Kammarrätten i Stockholm — Migrationsöverdomstolen (Sweden) lodged on 1 April 2015 — George Karim v Migrationsverket article 27 paragraph 5 article 27 paragraph 1 CONSID 19 article 19 paragraph 2 Case C-324/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 25 May 2021 — Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v F. article 29 paragraph 1 article 29 article 29 paragraph 2 Case C-322/19: Reference for a preliminary ruling from High Court (Ireland) made on 23 April 2019 — KS, MHK v The International Protection Appeals Tribunal, the Minister for Justice and Equality, Ireland and the Attorney General Case C-646/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 15 December 2016 — Khadija Jafari, Zainab Jafari article 12 article 12 paragraph 5 article 2 point (m) article 13 paragraph 1 article 13 Case C-556/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 10 September 2021 — Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid, other parties: E.N., S.S. and J.Y. article 27 paragraph 3 article 29 Case C-323/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 25 May 2021 — Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid v B. article 29 paragraph 2 recital 19 article 27 paragraph 1 Case C-328/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Trieste (Italy) lodged on 26 May 2021 — GE v Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l’Immigrazione — Unità Dublino article 27 article 4 paragraph 2 article 4 paragraph 3 article 23 paragraph 1 article 24 paragraph 1 Case C-248/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 21 April 2021 — Bundesrepublik Deutschland represented by the Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat v LE article 27 paragraph 4 article 27 paragraph 3 point (c) article 29 paragraph 1 Case C-504/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Stade (Germany) lodged on 17 August 2021 — Applicant 1 and Others v Bundesrepublik Deutschland chapter VI section II recital 5 article 11 article 29 article 10 article 9 article 27 recital 13 article 18 article 16 article 17 paragraph 2 article 21 paragraph 1 unnumbered paragraph 3 article 20 paragraph 1 article 8 recital 14 article 7 paragraph 2 recital 15 chapter III Case C-790/23, Qassioun: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Korkein hallinto-oikeus (Finland) lodged on 21 December 2023 — X v Maahanmuuttovirasto article 18 paragraph 1 point (d) Case C-578/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Vrhovno sodišče Republike Slovenije (Slovenia) lodged on 17 November 2016 — C. K., H. F., A. S. v Republic of Slovenia article 3 paragraph 2 article 17 paragraph 1 Case C-657/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 24 November 2017 — Hussein Mohamad Hussein article 21 paragraph 1 article 21 paragraph 1 L 1 article 22 paragraph 7 Case C-297/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Ordinario di Firenze (Italy) lodged on 10 May 2021 — XXX.XX v Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l’Immigrazione — Unità Dublino article 17 paragraph 1 article 18 paragraph 1 point (d) article 3 paragraph 2 article 27 chapter III Case C-297/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 23 May 2017 — Ibrahim Bashar v Federal Republic of Germany Case C-254/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale ordinario di Roma (Italy) lodged on 22 April 2021 — DG v Ministero dell’Interno — Dipartimento per le Libertà Civili e l’Immigrazione — Direzione Centrale dei Servizi Civili per L’Immigrazione e l’Asilo — Unità Dublino chapter III chapter IV article 3 paragraph 1 unnumbered paragraph 2 article 3 paragraph 2 article 27 article 17 paragraph 1 Case C-92/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 15 February 2021 — VW v Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) Case C-228/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Corte suprema di cassazione (Italy) lodged on 8 April 2021 — Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l’Immigrazione — Unità Dublino v CZA article 4 article 18 paragraph 1 point (b) recital 19 article 27 recital 18 article 4 paragraph 2 article 26 Case C-315/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Milano (Italy) lodged on 17 May 2021 — PP v Ministero dell’Interno, Dipartimento per le Libertà civili e l’Immigrazione — Unità Dublino article 27 article 5 article 18 paragraph 1 point (a) article 18 paragraph 1 point (d) article 3 paragraph 2 article 4 article 18 paragraph 1 point (c) article 18 paragraph 1 point (b) article 20 paragraph 5 Case C-745/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank den Haag zittingsplaats Zwolle (Netherlands) lodged on 2 December 2021 — L.G. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid Case C-318/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Germany) lodged on 30 May 2017 — Mahmud Ibrahim and Others v Federal Republic of Germany Case C-288/23, El Baheer: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Stuttgart (Germany) lodged on 3 May 2023 — HE v Federal Republic of Germany article 3 paragraph 1 sentence 2 Case C-647/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal administratif de Lille (France) lodged on 15 December 2016 — Adil Hassan v Préfet du Pas-de-Calais article 26 article 18 paragraph 1 point (d) article 18 paragraph 1 point (c) Case C-582/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 4 October 2017 — Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie v H. chapter III article 27 article 9 Case C-217/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale ordinario di Bologna (Italy) lodged on 24 March 2022 — OV v Ministero Interno — Unità Dublino article 27 article 18 paragraph 1 point (b) article 5 article 4 Case C-458/24, Daraa: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Sigmaringen (Germany) lodged on 27 June 2024 – DO v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 3 paragraph 2 article 27 paragraph 1 article 3 paragraph 2 unnumbered paragraph 2 chapter III Case C-325/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 25 May 2021 — K. v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid article 27 paragraph 1 article 29 recital 19 article 29 paragraph 1 article 29 paragraph 2 Case C-661/17: Reference for a preliminary ruling from the High Court (Ireland) made on 27 November 2017 — M.A., S.A., A.Z. v The International Protection Appeals Tribunal, The Minister for Justice and Equality, Attorney General, Ireland article 20 paragraph 3 article 17 article 6 Case C-39/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats’s-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands) lodged on 26 January 2021 — X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid article 6 article 28 paragraph 4 Case C-194/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d’État (Belgium) lodged on 28 February 2019 — H. A. v État belge Case C-583/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Raad van State (Netherlands) lodged on 4 October 2017 — Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie v R. article 27 article 9 chapter III Case C-335/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal du travail du Brabant wallon, division Wavre (Belgium) lodged on 24 July 2020 — PR v Agence fédérale pour l’Accueil des demandeurs d’asile (Fedasil) Case C-720/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgericht Cottbus (Germany) lodged on 24 December 2020 — RO, legally represented v Bundesrepublik Deutschland article 20 paragraph 3 article 26 Case C-577/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 2 October 2017 — Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl article 25 paragraph 1 article 23 paragraph 1 chapter III article 3 paragraph 1 Case C-392/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats’s-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands) lodged on 15 June 2022 — X v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid recital 39 article 3 paragraph 2 recital 32 recital 3 Case C-614/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Den Haag, zittingsplaats’s-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands) lodged on 4 October 2021 — G v Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid recital 3 recital 32 recital 39 article 3 paragraph 2 Case C-359/22: Reference for a preliminary ruling from High Court (Ireland) made on 3 June 2022 — AHY v The Minister for Justice article 27 paragraph 3 article 17 article 17 paragraph 1 article 27 paragraph 1 article 29 paragraph 1 Case C-560/23, Tang: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Flygtningenævnet København (Denmark) lodged on 8 September 2023 — H (assisted by DRC Dansk Flygtningehjælp) v Udlændingestyrelsen article 29 paragraph 2 article 29 paragraph 1 article 27 Legal basis Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union PART THREE - UNION POLICIES AND INTERNAL ACTIONS TITLE V - AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE Chapter 2 - Policies on border checks, asylum and immigration Article 78 (ex Articles 63, points 1 and 2, and 64(2) TEC) Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union PART SIX - INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL PROVISIONS TITLE I - INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Chapter 2 - Legal acts of the Union, adoption procedures and other provisions Section 2 - Procedures for the adoption of acts and other provisions Article 294 (ex Article 251 TEC) EuroVoc Vocabulary Stateless person Right of asylum Justice and home affairs EU migration policy Foreign national Free movement of persons Immigration and the right of nationals of third countries Right to justice