Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (recast) Basic information Dates Date of document: Date of publication: Date of effect: January 9, 2013 Entry into force - Date pub. +20 See Art 81 January 10, 2014 Application - Partial application See Art 81 January 10, 2015 Modified by Modified by: All documents based on this document: Modifies Modifies: Regulation (EC) No 1103/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 adapting a number of instruments subject to the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty to Council Decision 1999/468/EC, with regard to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny — Adaptation to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny — Part Three undefined undefined Council Regulation (EC) No 1791/2006 of 20 November 2006 adapting certain Regulations and Decisions in the fields of free movement of goods, freedom of movement of persons, company law, competition policy, agriculture (including veterinary and phytosanitary legislation), transport policy, taxation, statistics, energy, environment, cooperation in the fields of justice and home affairs, customs union, external relations, common foreign and security policy and institutions, by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania Repeal: Implicit repeal: Affected by case Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 27 February 2020. AAS „BALTA“ v UAB „GRIFS AG“. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 15, point 5 and Article 16, point 5 — Insurance of ‘large risks’ — Jurisdiction clause agreed upon by the policyholder and the insurer — Whether that clause may be relied on against the insured person. Case C-803/18. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 May 2024. ‘Toplofikatsia Sofia’ EAD. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Order for payment procedure – Concept of ‘domicile’ – National of a Member State having his or her permanent address in that Member State and his or her current address in another Member State – No possibility of changing or renouncing that permanent address. Case C-222/23. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 13 February 2020. flightright GmbH v IBERIA LAE SA Operadora Unipersonal. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Hamburg. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court — Area of freedom, security and justice — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Second indent of Article 7(1)(b) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract — Concept of ‘place of performance’ — Contract for the provision of services — Air transport — Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 — Right to compensation for flight passengers in the event of cancellation or long delay of flights — Flight under a confirmed single booking with several connecting flights operated by two separate air carriers — Cancellation of the final leg of the journey — Claim for compensation brought against the air carrier in charge of the final leg of the journey before the court or tribunal which has territorial jurisdiction over the place of departure of the first leg of the journey. Case C-606/19. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 9 September 2021. « Toplofikatsia Sofia » EAD and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 20(2)(a) TFEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 – Cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters – Article 1(1)(a) – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Article 5(1) – Outstanding debts – Legal decisions – Orders for payment – Service – Debtor residing at an unknown address in a Member State other than that of the court seised. Joined Cases C-208/20 and C-256/20. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 29 July 2019. Tibor-Trans Fuvarozó és Kereskedelmi Kft. v DAF TRUCKS N.V. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Győri Ítélőtábla. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Special jurisdiction — Article 7(2) — Tort, delict or quasi-delict — Place where the harmful event occurred — Claim for compensation for damage caused by a cartel found to be contrary to Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the Agreement on the European Economic Area. Case C-451/18. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 9 March 2023. JA v Wurth Automotive GmbH. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Salzburg. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction over consumer contracts – Concept of ‘consumer’ – Conduct of the person claiming the status of consumer that may give rise to the impression, on the part of the other contracting party, that he or she is acting for professional purposes. Case C-177/22. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 28 February 2019. BUAK Bauarbeiter-Urlaubs- u. Abfertigungskasse v Gradbeništvo Korana d.o.o. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Arbeits- und Sozialgericht Wien. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 1(1) — Scope — Civil and commercial matters — Article 1(2) — Matters excluded — Social security — Article 53 — Application for the issue of the certificate certifying that the judgment delivered by the court of origin is enforceable — Judgment relating to a claim for wage supplements regarding annual leave pay that a social security body has against an employer with respect to the posting of workers — Exercise of a judicial function by the court ruling in the case. Case C-579/17. Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 14 September 2023. EXTÉRIA s.r.o. v Spravíme s. r. o. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract – Article 7(1)(b) – Concept of contract for the ‘provision of services’ – Termination of a contract to enter into a future contract relating to the future conclusion of a franchise agreement. Case C-393/22. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 4 September 2019. Alessandro Salvoni v Anna Maria Fiermonte. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Milano. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 53 — Certificate relating to a judgment in civil and commercial matters in Annex I — Powers of the court of origin — Automatic verification whether there have been breaches of the rules on jurisdiction concerning consumer contracts. Case C-347/18. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 9 December 2021. BT v Seguros Catalana Occidente and EB. Request for a preliminary ruling from the County Court at Birkenhead. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Cooperation in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement in civil and commercial matters – Jurisdiction in insurance matters – Claim for compensation for damage suffered by an individual domiciled in a Member State following an accident in rented accommodation in another Member State – Action brought by the injured person against, first, the insurer and, secondly, against the insured owner of that accommodation – Applicability of Article 13(3) of that regulation. Case C-708/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 7 November 2019. Adriano Guaitoli and Others v easyJet Airline Co. Ltd. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale ordinario di Roma. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 7(1)(a) — Competent court in matters relating to a contract — Common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights — Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 — Articles 5, 7, 9 and 12 — Montreal Convention — Jurisdiction — Articles 19 and 33 — Application for compensation and compensation for damage resulting from the cancellation and delay of flights. Case C-213/18. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 11 April 2019. OD v Ryanair DAC. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Gerona. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Determination of the court having jurisdiction to hear an application for compensation in respect of a delayed flight — Article 26 — Implied prorogation — Requirement that the defendant enter an appearance. Case C-646/18. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 October 2017. Bolagsupplysningen OÜ and Ingrid Ilsjan v Svensk Handel AB. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Riigikohus. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 7(2) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict — Infringement of the rights of a legal person by the publication on the internet of allegedly incorrect information concerning that person and by the failure to remove comments relating to that person — Place where the damage occurred — Centre of interests of that person. Case C-194/16. Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 14 September 2023. NM v Club La Costa (UK) plc and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de Primera Instancia de Fuengirola. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Special jurisdiction – Jurisdiction over consumer contracts – Article 18(1) – Concept of ‘other party to a contract’ – Article 63 – Domicile of a legal person – Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 – Law applicable to contractual obligations – Choice of applicable law – Article 3 – Freedom of choice – Article 6 – Consumer contracts – Limits – Contract concluded with a consumer concerning timeshare rights in tourist accommodation by a means of a points scheme. Case C-821/21. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 11 April 2024. Credit Agricole Bank Polska S.A. v AB. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy - Śródmieścia w Warszawie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 6(1) – Scope – Contract concluded by a consumer who is a national of a third State with a bank established in a Member State – Proceedings brought against that consumer – Court of the last known domicile of the consumer in a Member State. Case C-183/23. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 12 May 2021. Vereniging van Effectenbezitters v BP plc. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 7(2) – Jurisdiction in tort, delict or quasi-delict – Place where the harmful event occurred – Damage consisting in purely financial loss. Case C-709/19. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 14 June 2017. Todor Iliev v Blagovesta Ilieva. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rayonen sad Varna. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 1(2)(a) — Scope — Matters excluded — Rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship — Dissolution of the marriage — Liquidation of property acquired during the marriage. Case C-67/17. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 21 October 2021. T.B. and D. sp. z. o. o. v G. I. A/S. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Krakowa-Śródmieścia w Krakowie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction in insurance matters – Article 11(1)(b) – Article 12 – Article 13(2) – Scope ratione personae – Concept of ‘injured party’ – Professional – Special jurisdiction – Article 7(2). Case C-393/20. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 2 April 2020. AU v Reliantco Investments LTD and Reliantco Investments LTD Limassol Sucursala Bucureşti. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunalul Specializat Cluj. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Freedom of establishment — Freedom to provide services — Markets in financial instruments — Directive 2004/39/EC — Meanings of ‘retail client’ and ‘consumer’ — Conditions for relying on the status of consumer — Determining jurisdiction to hear the request. Case C-500/18. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 February 2024. Inkreal s.r.o. v Dúha reality s.r.o. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Scope – Article 25 – Agreement conferring jurisdiction – Parties to a contract established in the same Member State – Jurisdiction of the courts of another Member State to settle disputes arising from that contract – International element. Case C-566/22. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 25 April 2024. Maersk A/S v Allianz Seguros y Reaseguros SA and Mapfre España Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros SA v MACS Maritime Carrier Shipping GmbH & Co. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra. Requests for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 25(1) – Contract for the carriage of goods evidenced by a bill of lading – Jurisdiction clause incorporated in that bill of lading – Enforceability against the third-party holder of the bill of lading – Applicable law – National legislation requiring the individual and separate negotiation of the jurisdiction clause by the third-party holder of the bill of lading. Joined Cases C-345/22 to C-347/22. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 3 June 2021. ZN v Generalno konsulstvo na Republika Bulgaria v grad Valensia, Kralstvo Ispania. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Determination of international jurisdiction of the courts of a Member State – Article 5(1) – Employee residing in a Member State – Contract concluded with a consular representation of that Member State in another Member State – Functions of the employee – No exercise of public powers. Case C-280/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 16 July 2020. Belgische Staat and Directeur-Generaal van de Algemene Directie Controle en Bemiddeling van de FOD Economie, K.M.O., Middenstand en Energie v Movic BV and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hof van beroep te Antwerpen. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 1(1) — Scope — Concept of ‘civil and commercial matters’ — Action for the cessation of unfair commercial practices brought by a public authority to protect the interests of consumers. Case C-73/19. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 November 2020. Ryanair DAC v DelayFix. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Contract of transport by air – Jurisdiction clause agreed to by the passenger as a consumer – Claim made by the passenger against the airline – Assignment of that claim to a collection agency – Enforceability of the jurisdiction clause by the airline against the assignee company of that passenger’s claim – Directive 93/13/EEC. Case C-519/19. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 15 June 2017. Saale Kareda v Stefan Benkö. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 7(1) — Concepts of ‘matters relating to a contract’ and of a ‘contract for the provision of services’ — Recourse claim between jointly and severally liable debtors under a credit agreement — Determination of the place of performance of the credit agreement. Case C-249/16. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 17 June 2021. Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG v SM. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Apelacyjny w Warszawie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Article 7(2) – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Place where the harmful event occurred or may occur – Person claiming infringement of his personality rights resulting from the publication of an article online – Place in which the damage occurred – Centre of the interests of that person. Case C-800/19. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 November 2023. EM v Roompot Service BV. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Düsseldorf. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Exclusive jurisdiction – First subparagraph of Article 24(1) – Disputes regarding tenancies of immovable property – Contract in relation to the short-term letting of a bungalow in a holiday park concluded between an individual and a tourism professional operating that park. Case C-497/22. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 3 September 2020. Supreme Site Services GmbH and Others v Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 1(1) — Scope — Civil and commercial matters — Jurisdiction — Exclusive jurisdiction — Article 24(5) — Disputes concerning the enforcement of judgments — Action brought by an international organisation and based on immunity from execution, seeking the lifting of an interim garnishee order and a prohibition on the levying of such an order in the future. Case C-186/19. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 25 February 2021. BU v Markt24 GmbH. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Salzburg. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment – Provisions of Section 5 of Chapter II – Applicability – Contract entered into in a Member State for employment with a company established in another Member State – No work performed throughout the duration of the contract – Exclusion of the application of national rules of jurisdiction – Article 21(1)(b)(i) – Concept of the ‘place where or from where the employee habitually carries out his work’ – Contract of employment – Place of performance of the contract – Obligations of the employee towards his or her employer. Case C-804/19. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 20 May 2021. CNP spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością v Gefion Insurance A/S. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Białymstoku. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction in insurance matters – Article 10 – Article 11(1)(a) – Ability to sue an insurer domiciled in a Member State in another Member State, in the case of actions brought by the policyholder, the insured person or a beneficiary, in the courts of the place where the person bringing the claim is domiciled – Article 13(2) – Action brought by the injured party directly against the insurer – Scope ratione personae – Concept of ‘injured party’ – Business active in the insurance sector – Special jurisdiction – Article 7(2) and (5) – Concept of ‘branch’, ‘agency’ or ‘other establishment’. Case C-913/19. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 31 January 2018. Paweł Hofsoe v LVM Landwirtschaftlicher Versicherungsverein Münster AG. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Szczecinie. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 11(1)(b) and Article 13(2) — Jurisdiction in insurance matters — Scope ratione personae — Concept of ‘injured party’ — Professional in the insurance sector — Not included. Case C-106/17. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 27 April 2023. A1 and A2 v I. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Østre Landsret. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Rules of jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance – Article 15(5) – Possibility of departing from those jurisdictional rules by agreement – Article 16(5) – Directive 2009/138/EC – Article 13(27) – Concept of ‘large risks’ – Hull insurance contract – Jurisdiction clause between the insurer and the insured – Enforceability of that clause against the insured – Pleasure craft not used for commercial purposes. Case C-352/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 May 2019. Brian Andrew Kerr v Pavlo Postnov and Natalia Postnova. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okrazhen sad - Blagoevgrad. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 7(1)(a) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to contract — Concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’ — Decision of the general meeting of the owners of property in a building — Obligation of the owners to pay annual financial contributions to the budget of the association of property owners as determined by that decision — Legal action seeking enforcement of that decision — Law applicable to contractual obligations — Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 — Article 4(1)(b) and (c) — Concepts of ‘contract for the provision of services’ and ‘a contract relating to a right in rem in immovable property’ — Decision of the general meeting of the owners of property in a building relating to maintenance costs for communal areas. Case C-25/18. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 7 April 2022. J v H Limited. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Scope – Article 2(a) – Concept of ‘judgment’ – Order for payment made in another Member State after a summary contested examination of a judgment given in a third State – Article 39 – Enforceability in Member States. Case C-568/20. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 30 June 2022. HW and Others v Allianz Elementar Versicherungs AG. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunalul Bucureşti. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction in insurance matters – Article 11(1)(b) – Action brought by the policyholder, the insured or a beneficiary – Possibility of suing the insurer in the courts for the place where the claimant is domiciled – Determination of the international and local jurisdiction of a court of a Member State – Article 13(2) – Actions brought by the injured party directly against the insurer – Insurer domiciled in a Member State and having an establishment in another Member State sued in the court within whose jurisdiction that establishment is situated. Case C-652/20. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 16 November 2016. Wolfgang Schmidt v Christiane Schmidt. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht für Zivilrechtssachen Wien. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Scope — First subparagraph of Article 24(1) — Exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property — Article 7(1)(a) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract — Action seeking the avoidance of a contract of gift of immovable property and the removal of an entry in the land register evidencing a right of ownership. Case C-417/15. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 18 September 2019. Skarb Pánstwa Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej – Generalny Dyrektor Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad v Stephan Riel, en qualité d’administrateur judiciaire de Alpine Bau GmbH. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Wien. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters — Scope — Article 1(2)(b) — Bankruptcy, proceedings relating to the winding-up of insolvent companies or other legal persons, judicial arrangements, compositions and analogous proceedings — Not included — Action for a declaration that a claim exists for the purposes of its registration in insolvency proceedings — Application of Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 — Article 41 — Content of the lodgement of a claim — Main and secondary insolvency proceedings — Lis pendens and related actions — Application by analogy of Article 29(1) of Regulation No 1215/2012 — Inadmissibility. Case C-47/18. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 8 September 2022. IRnova AB v FLIR Systems AB. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Svea Hovrätt. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 24(4) – Exclusive jurisdiction – Jurisdiction over the registration or validity of patents – Scope – Patent application deposited and patent granted in a third State – Status of inventor – Proprietor of the right to an invention. Case C-399/21. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 22 December 2022. Eurelec Trading SCRL and Scabel SA v Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d'appel de Paris. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 1(1) – Concept of ‘civil and commercial matters’ – Action brought by a public authority seeking a declaration of the existence of restrictive practices, an order penalising those practices and an order that they cease. Case C-98/22. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2018. Hellenische Republik v Leo Kuhn. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters — Scope — Article 1(1) — Concept of ‘civil and commercial matters’ — Bonds issued by a Member State — Involvement of the private sector in the restructuring of public debt of that State — Unilateral and retroactive adjustment of the borrowing terms — Collective action clauses — Action brought against the State by private creditors who hold those bonds as natural persons — Liability of the State for acts and omissions in the exercise of State authority. Case C-308/17. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 3 February 2022. JW and Others v LOT Polish Airlines. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Frankfurt am Main. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Second indent of Article 7(1)(b) – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract – Concept of ‘place of performance of the obligation in question’ – Contract for the provision of services – Air transport – Flight consisting of a confirmed single booking and performed in several legs by two separate air carriers – Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 – Common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights – Article 7 – Right to compensation – Delay on the first leg of the journey – Claim for compensation brought against the air carrier operating that first leg of the journey before the court for the place of arrival of that first flight. Case C-20/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 6 October 2021. Skarb Państwa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej reprezentowany przez Generalnego Dyrektora Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad v TOTO SpA - Costruzioni Generali and Vianini Lavori SpA. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven kasatsionen sad (Bulgarie). Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 1(1) – Civil and commercial matters – Article 35 – Provisional, including protective, measures – Action based on a contract for the construction of a public expressway, concluded between a public authority and two private law companies – Application for interim relief relating to penalties and guarantees arising from that contract – Decision on interim relief already given by a court having jurisdiction as to the substance. Case C-581/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 5 December 2019. Ordre des avocats du barreau de Dinant v JN. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal de première instance de Namur. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Article 7(1)(a) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract — Concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’ — Claim for payment of annual fees payable by a lawyer to a bar association. Case C-421/18. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 22 February 2024. MA v FCA Italy SpA and FPT Industrial SpA. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Point 2 of Article 7 – Special jurisdiction in tort, delict or quasi-delict – Place where the damage occurred – Use on a vehicle of a defeat device that reduces the effectiveness of emission control systems – Contract for the sale of that vehicle concluded in a Member State other than the State in which the purchaser is domiciled and in which the manufacturer has its seat – Delivery of that vehicle and normal use of it in the Member State in which the purchaser is domiciled. Case C-81/23. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 31 May 2018. Éva Nothartová v Sámson József Boldizsár. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tatabányai Törvényszék. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction — Special jurisdiction — Article 8(3) — Counterclaim arising or not arising from the same contract or facts on which the original claim was based. Case C-306/17. Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 10 March 2022. ZK v BMA Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Midden-Nederland. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 7(2) – Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Claim made by a liquidator against a third party in the interests of creditors – Place where the harmful event occurred – Article 8(2) – Application to intervene by a defendant of collective interests – Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 – Scope – General rule. Case C-498/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 11 November 2020. Ellmes Property Services Limited v SP. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Article 24, point 1 – Exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property – Article 7, point 1(a) – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract – Legal action brought by a co-owner seeking an order that another co-owner cease the use, for touristic purposes, of immovable property subject to co-ownership. Case C-433/19. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2021. Gtflix Tv v DR. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (France). Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 7(2) – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Publication on the internet of allegedly disparaging comments concerning a person – Place where the harmful event occurred – Courts of each Member State in which content placed online is or has been accessible. Case C-251/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 20 December 2017. Peter Valach and Others v Waldviertler Sparkasse Bank AG and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Scope — Action for liability in tort against the members of a committee of creditors which rejected a restructuring plan in insolvency proceedings. Case C-649/16. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 19 November 2019. INA-Industrija nafte d.d. and Others v Ljublanska banka d.d. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Trgovački sud u Zagrebu. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Article 7(1)(a) — Special jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract — Concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’ — Financial obligations imposed by national law on the co-owners of a building — Legal action seeking enforcement of those obligations. Case C-200/19. Order of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 13 December 2023. Proceedings brought by P. G. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Questions the answer to which may be clearly deduced from the Court's existing case-law – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Second indent of Article 7(1)(b) – International and territorial jurisdiction in contractual matters – Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 – Claim for compensation by air passengers for the cancellation of a flight – Article 5(1)(c) – Article 7(1)(a) – National legislation providing for other grounds of jurisdiction in favour of consumers. Case C-319/23. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 11 April 2019. ZX v Ryanair DAC. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil n° 1 de Gerona. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Determination of the court having jurisdiction to hear an application for compensation in respect of a delayed flight — Article 7(5) — Operations of a branch — Article 26 — Implied prorogation — Requirement that the defendant enter an appearance. Case C-464/18. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 14 February 2019. Anica Milivojević v Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg eGen. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Općinski Sud u Rijeci. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Articles 56 and 63 TFEU — Freedom to provide services — Free movement of capital — National legislation providing that credit agreements featuring international elements concluded with a non-authorised lender are invalid — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 17(1) — Credit agreement concluded by a natural person with a view to the provision of tourist accommodation services — Concept of ‘consumer’ — Article 24, point 1 — Exclusive jurisdiction in matters relating to rights in rem in immovable property — Action for invalidity of a credit agreement and seeking the removal from the land register of the entry of a security interest. Case C-630/17. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 9 March 2017. Pula Parking d.o.o. v Sven Klaus Tederahn. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Općinski sud u Puli-Pola. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Temporal and material scope — Civil and commercial matters — Enforcement proceedings relating to the recovery of an unpaid public parking debt — Included — Concept of ‘court’ — Notary who has issued a writ of execution based on an ‘authentic document’. Case C-551/15. Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 September 2023. Beverage City & Lifestyle GmbH and Others v Advance Magazine Publishers, Inc. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Special jurisdiction – Article 8(1) – More than one defendant – Claims so closely connected that it is expedient to hear and determine them together – Anchor defendant – EU trade mark – Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 – Articles 122 and 125 – Action for infringement of an EU trade mark brought against a number of defendants domiciled in different Member States – Jurisdiction of the courts of the place where the managing director of a defendant company is domiciled – Jurisdiction of the court seised in respect of co-defendants domiciled outside the forum Member State – Concept of ‘so closely connected’ – Exclusive distribution agreement between a supplier and its customer. Case C-832/21. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 24 November 2020. Wikingerhof GmbH & Co. KG v Booking.com BV. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Jurisdiction – Article 7, points 1 and 2 – Special jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Action seeking an injunction against commercial practices considered to be contrary to competition law – Allegation of abuse of a dominant position occurring in commercial practices covered by contractual provisions – Online accommodation booking platform booking.com. Case C-59/19. Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 8 March 2018. Saey Home & Garden NV/SA v Lusavouga-Máquinas e Acessórios Industriais SA. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal da Relação do Porto. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 25 — Existence of a jurisdiction clause — Verbal agreement without written confirmation — Clause contained in the general terms and conditions of sale mentioned in invoices — Article 7(1)(b) — Commercial concession agreement between two companies established in different Member States in respect of the market of a third Member State — Article 7(1)(b), second indent — Determination of the court with jurisdiction — Place of performance of the obligation that is characteristic of such a contract. Case C-64/17. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 July 2021. RH v AB Volvo and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Madrid. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 7(2) – Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict – Place where the damage occurred – Cartel declared contrary to Article 101 TFEU and Article 53 of the Agreement on the European Economic Area – Determination of international and territorial jurisdiction – Centralisation of jurisdiction in favour of a specialised court. Case C-30/20. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 21 September 2021. Nemzeti Útdíjfizetési Szolgáltató Zrt. v NW. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Lennestadt. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 1(1) – Substantive scope – Concept of ‘civil and commercial matters’ – Proceedings seeking to recover a charge relating to the use of a toll road. Case C-30/21. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 3 October 2019. Jana Petruchová v FIBO Group Holdings Limited. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud České republiky. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 17(1) — Jurisdiction over consumer contracts — Notion of ‘consumer’ — Natural person carrying out transactions on the international exchange market through the intermediary of a brokerage company — Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I) — Directive 2004/39/EC — Notion of ‘retail client’. Case C-208/18. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 10 July 2019. Norbert Reitbauer and Others v Enrico Casamassima. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bezirksgericht Villach. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of freedom, security and justice — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters — Exclusive jurisdiction — Article 24(1) and (5) — Disputes in proceedings which have as their object rights in rem in immovable property and in proceedings concerned with the enforcement of judgments — Judicially ordered auction of immovable property — Opposition proceedings regarding the proceeds from that auction. Case C-722/17. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 9 July 2020. Verein für Konsumenteninformation v Volkswagen AG. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Klagenfurt. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Judicial cooperation in civil matters — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Point 2 of Article 7 — Jurisdiction in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict — Place where the harmful event occurred — Place where the damage occurred — Manipulation of data relating to the emission of exhaust gases from engines produced by a motor vehicle manufacturer. Case C-343/19. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 7 March 2018. flightright GmbH v Air Nostrum, Líneas Aéreas del Mediterráneo SA, Roland Becker v Hainan Airlines Co. Ltd and Mohamed Barkan and Others v Air Nostrum, Líneas Aéreas del Mediterráneo SA. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Düsseldorf and the Bundesgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Area of Freedom, Security and Justice — Jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters — Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 — Article 5(1) — Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 — Article 7(1) — Concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’ — Contract for the provision of services — Connecting flight operated by different air carriers — Concept of ‘place of performance’ — Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 — Right of air passengers to compensation for denied boarding and for the long delay of a flight — Action for compensation brought against an operating air carrier not domiciled in the territory of a Member State or with which the passengers do not have contractual relations. Joined Cases C-274/16, C-447/16 and C-448/16. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 20 October 2022. ROI Land Investments Ltd. v FD. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesarbeitsgericht. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in civil matters – Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 – Article 6 – Defendant not domiciled in a Member State – Article 17 – Jurisdiction over consumer contracts – Concept of ‘trade or profession’/‘professional activities’ – Article 21 – Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment – Concept of ‘employer’ – Relationship of subordination – Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 – Applicable law – Article 6 – Individual contract of employment – Letter of comfort between the employee and a third party company guaranteeing performance of the employer’s obligations towards that employee. Case C-604/20. A21P1LBLI A06P1 A21P2 A17P1 Case C-274/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Düsseldorf (Germany) lodged on 13 May 2016 — flightright GmbH v Air Nostrum, Líneas Aéreas del Mediterráneo SA article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-90/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas (Lithuania) lodged on 10 February 2022 — ‘Gjensidige’ ADB chapter II section 7 article 31 article 71 recital 22 article 25 article 29 chapter II section 6 article 45 paragraph 1 point (e) point (ii) recital 21 Case C-629/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski gradski sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 8 October 2018 — EN, FM, GL v Ryanair Designated Activity Company Case C-208/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud České republiky (Czech Republic) lodged on 23 March 2018 — Jana Petruchová v FIBO Group Holdings Ltd Case C-7/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bezirksgericht Bleiburg (Austria) lodged on 8 January 2021 — LKW WALTER Internationale Transportorganisation AG v CB and Others Case C-222/23, Toplofikatsia Sofia: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 7 April 2023 — ‘Toplofikatsia Sofia’ EAD article 62 paragraph 1 article 4 paragraph 1 article 5 paragraph 1 Case C-59/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof (Germany) lodged on 29 January 2019 — Wikingerhof GmbH & Co. KG v Booking.com BV Case C-494/23, Mahá: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud (Czech Republic) lodged on 3 August 2023 — QE, IJ v DP, EB article 1 paragraph 1 article 8 paragraph 2 Case C-256/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 10 June 2020 — Toplofikatsia Sofia EAD Case C-41/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Köln (Germany) lodged on 23 January 2019 — FX v GZ, represented for legal purposes by her mother Case C-682/23, E.B.SP.: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Curtea de Apel Cluj (Romania) lodged on 15 November 2023 — E. B.SP. Z. O. O. v K. P.SP. Z. O. O. Case C-672/23, Electricity & Water Authority of the Government of Bahrain and Others: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Gerechtshof Amsterdam (Netherlands) lodged on 13 November 2023 — Electricity & Water Authority of the Government of Bahrain and Others v Prysmian Netherlands BV and Others Case C-604/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesarbeitsgericht (Germany) lodged on 16 November 2020 — ROI Land Investments Ltd. v FD article 6 paragraph 1 article 21 paragraph 1 point (b) point (i) article 63 paragraph 1 article 21 paragraph 2 article 17 paragraph 1 Case C-73/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hof van beroep te Antwerpen (Belgium) lodged on 31 January 2019 — Belgische Staat, vertegenwoordigd door de Minister van Werk, Economie en Consumenten, belast met Buitenlandse handel, Belgische Staat, vertegenwoordigd door de Directeur-Generaal van de Algemene Directie Economische Inspectie, Directeur-Generaal van de Algemene Directie Economische Inspectie v Movic BV, Events Belgium BV, Leisure Tickets & Activities International BV Case C-673/23, Smurfit Kappa Europe and Others: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Gerechtshof Amsterdam (Netherlands) lodged on 13 November 2023 — Smurfit Kappa Europe BV and Others v Unilever Europe BV and Others Case C-774/23, Gebeco: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Simmern/Hunsrück (Germany) lodged on 15 December 2023 — DN v Gebeco GmbH & Co. KG Case C-451/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Győri Ítélőtábla (Hungary) lodged on 10 July 2018 — Tibor-Trans Fuvarozó és Kereskedelmi Kft. v DAF TRUCKS N.V. Case C-551/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Općinski sud u Puli-Pola (Croatia) lodged on 23 October 2015 — Pula Parking d.o.o. v Sven Kalus Tederahn Case C-99/24, Chmieka: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Koszalinie (Poland) lodged on 7 February 2024 – G.M.K.-Z.B.M. v S.O. Case C-649/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 19 December 2016 — Peter Valach and Others v Waldviertler Sparkasse Bank AG and Others article 1 paragraph 2 point (b) Case C-433/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 6 June 2019 — Ellmes Property Services Limited v SP article 7 point 1 point (a) article 24 point 1 unnumbered paragraph 1 TEXT Case C-291/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal de première instance de Liège (Belgium) lodged on 7 May 2021 — Starkinvest SRL Case C-566/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud (Czech Republic) lodged on 26 August 2022 — Inkreal s. r. o. v Dúha reality s. r. o. Case C-464/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Gerona (Spain) lodged on 17 July 2018 — ZX v Ryanair D.A.C. article 26 article 7 paragraph 5 Case C-20/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Frankfurt am Main (Germany) lodged on 13 January 2021 — JW, HD, XS v LOT Polish Airlines article 7 point 1 point (b) Case C-425/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Kúria (Hungary) lodged on 28 June 2022 — MOL Magyar Olaj- és Gázipari Nyrt. v Mercedes-Benz Group AG Case C-639/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (France) lodged on 19 October 2021 — PB v Geos SAS, Geos International Consulting Limited article 4 paragraph 1 article 20 paragraph 1 Case C-98/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Obvodní soud pro Prahu 8 (Czech Republic) lodged on 26 February 2020 — mBank S.A. v PA article 18 paragraph 2 article 7 article 26 paragraph 2 article 17 paragraph 1 point (c) Case C-274/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Austria) lodged on 28 April 2021 — EPIC Financial Consulting Ges.m.b.H. v Republik Österreich and Bundesbeschaffung GmbH article 35 article 1 paragraph 1 Case C-526/23, VariusSystems: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 17 August 2023 — VariusSystems digital solutions GmbH v GR Inhaberin B & G article 7 point 1 point (b) Case C-343/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Klagenfurt (Austria) lodged on 30 April 2019 — Verein für Konsumenteninformation v Volkswagen AG Case C-395/23, Anikovi: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 29 June 2023 — E. M. A., E. M. A., M. I. A. Case C-98/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d’appel de Paris (France) lodged on 14 February 2022 — Eurelec Trading SCRL v Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, Scabel SA, Groupement d’Achat des Centres Édouard Leclerc (GALEC), Association des Centres distributeurs Édouard Leclerc (ACDLEC) Case C-275/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Austria) lodged on 28 April 2021 — EPIC Financial Consulting Ges.m.b.H. v Republik Österreich and Bundesbeschaffung GmbH Case C-194/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Riigikohus (Estonia) lodged on 7 April 2016 — Bolagsupplysningen OÜ, Ingrid Ilsjan v Svensk Handel AB Case C-386/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d’appel de Mons (Belgium) lodged on 24 June 2021 — Ryanair DAC v Happy Flights Srl, formerly Happy Flights Sprl article 7 point 1 point (a) article 7 point 1 point (b) Case C-536/23, Mutua Madrileña Automovilista: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht München I (Germany) lodged on 22 August 2023 — Bundesrepublik Deutschland v Mutua Madrileña Automovilista article 13 paragraph 2 article 11 paragraph 1 point (b) Case C-34/24, Stichting Right to Consumer Justice en Stichting App Stores Claims: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Amsterdam (Netherlands) lodged on 18 January 2024 – Stichting Right to Consumer Justice, Stichting App Stores Claims v Apple Distribution International Ltd, Apple Inc. Case C-361/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Szekszárdi Járásbíróság (Hungary) lodged on 5 June 2018 — Ágnes Weil v Géza Gulácsi article 1 paragraph 2 point (a) article 53 Case C-47/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Wien (Austria) lodged on 26 January 2018 — Skarb Pánstwa Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej — Generalny Dyrektor Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad v Stephan Riel, acting as administrator in the insolvency proceedings concerning the assets of Alpine Bau GmbH article 29 paragraph 1 article 1 paragraph 2 point (b) Case C-591/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof (Germany) lodged on 11 November 2020 — Reprensus GmbH v S-V Pavlovi Trejd EOOD article 7 paragraph 2 article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-497/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Düsseldorf (Germany) lodged on 22 July 2022 — EM v Roompot Service B.V. article 24 point 1 sentence 1 Case C-200/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Trgovački sud u Zagreb (Croatia) made on 1 March 2019 — INA-INDUSTRIJA NAFTE d.d. and Others v LUBJANSKA BANKA d.d. article 7 paragraph 5 article 7 paragraph 1 article 7 paragraph 2 Case C-189/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 5 May 2020 — Laudamotion GmbH v Verein für Konsumenteninformation article 25 article 17 paragraph 3 article 19 article 67 article 25 paragraph 1 sentence 1 Case C-249/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 2 May 2016 — Saale Kareda v Stefan Benkö article 7 point 1 point (b) TIRE 2 article 7 point 1 article 7 point 1 point (c) article 7 point 1 point (a) Case C-708/20: Reference for a preliminary ruling from County Court at Birkenhead (United Kingdom) made on 30 December 2020 — BT v Seguros Catalana Occidente, EB Case C-135/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof (Germany) lodged on 20 February 2018 — Logistik XXL GmbH v CMR Transport & Logistik Case C-568/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 2 November 2020 — J v H Limited article 2 point (a) article 42 paragraph 1 point (b) article 53 article 46 article 45 article 52 article 1 article 39 Case C-774/22, FTI Touristik: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Nürnberg (Germany) lodged on 21 December 2022 — JX v FTI Touristik GmbH Case C-537/23, Societa Italiana Lastre SpA: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (France) lodged on 22 August 2023 — Societa Italiana Lastre SpA v Agora Case C-345/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra (Spain) lodged on 25 May 2022 — Maersk A/S v Allianz Seguros y Reaseguros, S.A. Case C-25/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okrazhen sad Blagoevgrad (Bulgaria) lodged on 16 January 2018 — Bryan Andrew Ker v Pavlo Postnov, Natalia Postnova article 7 point 1 point (a) Case C-417/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht für Zivilrechtssachen Wien (Austria) lodged on 29 July 2015 — Wolfgang Schmidt v Christiane Schmidt Case C-323/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Trgovački sud u Zagrebu (Croatia) lodged on 18 April 2019 — Interplastics s.r.o. v Letifico d.o.o. Case C-136/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Supremo Tribunal de Justiça (Portugal) lodged on 7 March 2016 — Sociedade Metropolitana de Desenvolvimento SA v Banco Santander Totta SA Case C-648/23, RSD Reise Service Deutschland: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Wiesbaden (Germany) lodged on 31 October 2023 — VB v RSD Reise Service Deutschland GmbH Case C-421/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal de première instance de Namur (Belgium) lodged on 27 June 2018 — Ordre des avocats du barreau de Dinant v JN Case C-64/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal da Relação do Porto (Portugal) lodged on 7 February 2017 — Saey Home & Garden NV/SA v Lusavouga — Máquinas e Acessórios Industriais, S.A. article 4 paragraph 1 chapter II SECTION 5 chapter II SECTION 2 article 7 paragraph 1 point (c) article 7 paragraph 1 point (b) TIRE 2 article 7 paragraph 5 chapter II SECTION 7 article 7 paragraph 1 point (b) TIRE 1 article 5 paragraph 1 chapter II SECTION 4 chapter II SECTION 6 article 25 paragraph 1 article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) chapter II SECTION 3 Case C-62/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Frankfurt am Main (Germany) lodged on 1 February 2022 — IA v DER Touristik Deutschland GmbH Case C-339/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Svea hovrätt, Patent- och marknadsöverdomstolen (Sweden) lodged on 24 May 2022 — BSH Hausgeräte GmbH v Aktiebolaget Electrolux article 24 paragraph 4 article 4 paragraph 1 Case C-393/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas (Lithuania) lodged on 28 June 2021 — Lufthansa Technik AERO Alzey GmbH v Arik Air Limited and Others article 44 paragraph 2 article 36 paragraph 1 Case C-307/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Visoki trgovački sud Republike Hrvatske (Croatia) lodged on 11 April 2019 — Obala i lučice d.o.o. v NLB Leasing d.o.o. article 7 paragraph 2 article 24 paragraph 1 article 7 paragraph 1 Case C-306/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tatabányai Törvényszék (Hungary) lodged on 26 May 2017 — Éva Nothartová v József Boldizsár Sámson Case C-519/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 9 July 2019 — Passenger Rights spółka akcyjna, with its seat in Warsaw v Ryanair DAC, with its seat in Dublin (Ireland) Case C-814/19: Reference for a preliminary ruling from the High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Divisional Court) (United Kingdom) made on 6 November 2019 – AC, TM, GM, MM v ABC Sl, XYZ Plc article 13 paragraph 3 article 13 paragraph 2 Case C-430/24, Badzhanova: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 19 June 2024 – K. P. V. article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) article 7 paragraph 5 article 28 paragraph 1 Case C-709/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Netherlands) lodged on 25 September 2019 — Vereniging van Effectenbezitters v BP plc Case C-108/23, SmartSport Reisen: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Groß-Gerau (Germany) lodged on 23 February 2023 — PU v SmartSport Reisen GmbH Case C-267/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Trgovački sud u Zagrebu (Croatia) lodged on 28 March 2019 — PARKING d.o.o. v SAWAL d.o.o. Case C-30/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil n.° 2 de Madrid (Spain) lodged on 22 January 2020 — RH v AB Volvo and Others Case C-186/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Netherlands) lodged on 26 February 2019 — Supreme Site Services GmbH, Supreme Fuels GmbH & Co KG, Supreme Fuels Trading Fze v Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe article 1 paragraph 1 article 24 point 5 Case C-652/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunalul Bucureşti (Romania) lodged on 2 December 2020 — HW, ZF, MZ v Allianz Elementar Versicherungs AG article 11 paragraph 1 point (b) Case C-393/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Krakowa-Śródmieścia w Krakowie (Poland) lodged on 18 August 2020 — T.B., D. sp. z o.o. v G.I. A/S article 11 paragraph 1 point (b) article 13 paragraph 2 article 7 point 2 article 12 Case C-280/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 25 June 2020 — ZN v Generalno konsulstvo (General Consulate) of the Republic of Bulgaria in the City of Valencia, Kingdom of Spain Case C-177/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Salzburg (Austria) lodged on 8 March 2022 — JA v Wurth Automotive GmbH Case C-208/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 14 May 2020 — ‘Toplofikatsia Sofia’ EAD, ‘Chez Elektro Balgaria’ AD and ‘Agentsia za kontrol na prosrocheni zadalzhenia’ EOOD Case C-538/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Frankfurt am Main (Germany) lodged on 25 October 2016 — Kevin Joseph Devine v Air Nostrum, Líneas Aéreas del Mediterráneo SA article 7 paragraph 1 point (b) TIRE 2 article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-317/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Mainz (Germany) lodged on 16 July 2020 — KX v PY GmbH Case C-308/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 29 May 2017 — Hellenic Republic v Leo Kuhn article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-913/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Białymstoku (Poland) lodged on 13 December 2019 – CNP spółka z o.o. v Gefion Insurance A/S article 13 paragraph 2 article 7 point 2 article 10 article 7 point 5 Case C-821/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de Primera Instancia No 2 de Fuengirola (Spain) lodged on 24 December 2021 — NM v Club La Costa (UK) PLC, sucursal en España, CLC Resort Management LTD, Midmark 2 LTD, CLC Resort Development LTD and European Resorts & Hotels, S.L. article 18 paragraph 1 article 63 paragraph 2 Case C-183/23, Credit Agricole Bank Polska: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy-Śródmieścia w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 22 March 2023 — Credit Agricole Bank Polska SA v AB article 26 paragraph 2 article 6 paragraph 1 article 26 paragraph 1 Case C-190/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart (Germany) lodged on 26 March 2021 — PayPal (Europe) Sàrl et Cie, SCA v PQ article 7 point 2 article 7 point 1 Case C-399/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Svea hovrätt, Patent- och marknadsöverdomstolen (Sweden) lodged on 28 June 2021 — IRnova AB v FLIR Systems AB Case C-803/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Lietuvos Aukščiausiasis Teismas (Lithuania) lodged on 20 December 2018 — AAS BALTA v UAB GRIFS AG article 16 paragraph 5 article 15 paragraph 5 Case C-445/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski gradski sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 15 July 2021 — EUROBANK BULGARIA AD v NI, RZ, DMD DEVELOPMENTS OOD article 19 paragraph 3 article 17 paragraph 1 point (c) article 17 paragraph 1 point (b) article 17 article 62 paragraph 1 Case C-352/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Østre Landsret (Denmark) lodged on 28 May 2021 — A1 and A2 v I article 11 article 15 paragraph 5 article 16 paragraph 5 Case C-393/23, Athenian Brewery and Heineken: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Netherlands) lodged on 28 June 2023 — Athenian Brewery SA, Heineken NV v Macedonian Thrace Brewery SA Case C-423/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 12 July 2021 — Grand Production d.o.o. v GO4YU GmbH and Others Case C-581/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven kasatsionen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 5 November 2020 — Skarb Państwa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej reprezentowany przez Generalnego Dyrektora Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad v TOTO S.p.A — Costruzioni Generali, Vianini Lavori S.p.A article 35 article 1 paragraph 1 article 1 Case C-630/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Općinski sud u Rijeci– Stalna služba u Rabu lodged on 9 November 2017 — Anica Milivojević v Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg eGen article 17 paragraph 1 article 25 article 4 paragraph 1 article 24 point 1 Case C-832/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf (Germany) lodged on 27 December 2021 — Beverage City & Lifestyle GmbH and Others v Advance Magazine Publishers, Inc. Case C-337/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Szczecinie (Poland) lodged on 7 June 2017 — Feniks Sp. z o.o. v Azteca Products & Services SL article 7 paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-646/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de lo Mercantil de Gerona (Spain) lodged on 15 October 2018 — OD v Ryanair D.A.C. Case C-946/19: Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Appeal (England & Wales) (Civil Division) made on 27 December 2019 – MG v HH Case C-251/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (France) lodged on 10 June 2020 — Gtflix Tv v DR Case C-347/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale di Milano (Italy) lodged on 28 May 2018 — Avv. Alessandro Salvoni v Anna Maria Fiermonte article 53 article 45 chapter II SECTION 4 Case C-804/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landesgericht Salzburg (Austria) lodged on 31 October 2019 — BU v Markt24 GmbH article 21 article 7 point 1 Case C-30/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Amtsgericht Lennestadt (Germany) lodged on 19 January 2021 — Nemzeti Útdíjfizetési Szolgáltató Zrt., National Toll Payment Services PLC v NW Case C-393/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Nejvyšší soud České republiky (Czech Republic) lodged on 15 June 2022 — EXTÉRIA, s. r. o. v Spravíme, s. r. o. article 7 point 1 point (b) Case C-685/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 15 November 2021 — YV v Stadtverkehr Lindau (B) GmbH article 11 paragraph 1 article 13 paragraph 2 Case C-498/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Midden-Nederland (Netherlands) lodged on 29 September 2020 — ZK, in his capacity as successor to JM, liquidator in the bankruptcy of BMA Nederland BV v BMA Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG and Stichting Belangbehartiging Crediteuren BMA Nederland article 7 point 2 article 8 point 2 Case C-106/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Szczecinie (Poland) lodged on 28 February 2017 — Paweł Hofsoe v LVM Landwirtschaftlicher Versicherungsverein Münster a.G. article 11 paragraph 1 point (b) article 13 paragraph 2 Case C-398/24, Pome: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Riigikohus (Estonia) lodged on 6 June 2024 – A v B article 25 paragraph 1 Text Case C-722/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bezirksgericht Villach (Austria) lodged on 27 December 2017 — Norbert Reitbauer and Others v Enrico Casamassima article 24 paragraph 1 article 24 paragraph 5 Case C-800/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Apelacyjny w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 30 October 2019 — SM v Mittelbayerischer Verlag KG Case C-394/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hof van beroep te Antwerpen (Belgium) lodged on 15 June 2022 — Oilchart International NV v O.W. Bunker (Netherlands) BV, ING Bank NV article 1 paragraph 2 point (b) Case C-500/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunalul Specializat Cluj (Romania) lodged on 30 July 2018 — AU v Reliantco Investments LTD, Reliantco Investments LTD Limassol Sucursala București article 7 paragraph 2 article 17 paragraph 1 point (c) Case C-579/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Arbeits- und Sozialgericht Wien (Austria) lodged on 3 October 2017 — BUAK Bauarbeiter-Urlaubs- u. Abfertigungskasse v Gradbeništvo Korana d.o.o. Case C-81/23, FCA Italy and FPT Industrial: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 15 February 2023 — MA v FCA Italy SpA and FPT Industrial SpA Legal basis Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union PART THREE - UNION POLICIES AND INTERNAL ACTIONS TITLE V - AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE Chapter 1 - General provisions Article 67 (ex Article 61 TEC and ex Article 29 TEU) Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union PART THREE - UNION POLICIES AND INTERNAL ACTIONS TITLE V - AREA OF FREEDOM, SECURITY AND JUSTICE Chapter 3 - Judicial cooperation in civil matters Article 81 (ex Article 65 TEC) Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union PART SIX - INSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL PROVISIONS TITLE I - INSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS Chapter 2 - Legal acts of the Union, adoption procedures and other provisions Section 2 - Procedures for the adoption of acts and other provisions Article 294 (ex Article 251 TEC) EuroVoc Vocabulary Enforcement of ruling Right to justice Civil procedure Judicial cooperation in civil matters in the EU Jurisdiction Judicial cooperation in civil matters Judicial cooperation in civil matters Commercial law Civil law Private international law