Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (recast) (Text with EEA relevance)
Modified by
  • Directive (EU) 2024/1785 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 24 April 2024amending Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) and Council Directive 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste(Text with EEA relevance), 32024L1785, July 15, 2024
Corrected by
  • Corrigendum to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control), 32010L0075R(01), June 19, 2012
Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 24 November 2010on industrial and livestock rearing emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control)(Recast)(Text with EEA relevance) CHAPTER ICOMMON PROVISIONS
Article 1Subject matterThis Directive lays down rules on integrated prevention and control of pollution arising from industrial activities.It also lays down rules designed to prevent or, where that is not practicable, to continuously reduce emissions into air, water and land, to prevent the generation of waste, improve resource efficiency, and to promote the circular economy and decarbonisation, in order to achieve a high level of protection of human health and the environment taken as a whole.
Article 2Scope1.This Directive shall apply to the industrial activities giving rise to pollution referred to in Chapters II to VIa.2.This Directive shall not apply to research activities, development activities or the testing of new products and processes.
Article 3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive the following definitions shall apply:(1)"substance" means any chemical element and its compounds, with the exception of the following substances:(a)radioactive substances as defined in Article 1 of Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiationOJ L 159, 29.6.1996, p. 1.;(b)genetically modified micro-organisms as defined in Article 2(b) of Directive 2009/41/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 6 May 2009 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organismsOJ L 125, 21.5.2009, p. 75.;(c)genetically modified organisms as defined in point 2 of Article 2 of Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organismsOJ L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1.;(2)"pollution" means the direct or indirect introduction, as a result of human activity, of substances, vibrations, heat, noise or odours into air, water or land, which can be harmful to human health or the quality of the environment, result in damage to material property, or impair or interfere with amenities and other legitimate uses of the environment;(3)"installation" means a stationary technical unit within which one or more activities listed in Annex I, in Annex Ia or in Part 1 of Annex VII are carried out, and any other directly associated activities on the same site which have a technical connection with the activities listed in those Annexes and which could have an effect on emissions and pollution;(4)"emission" means the direct or indirect release of substances, vibrations, heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources in the installation into air, water or land;(5)"emission limit value" means the mass, expressed in terms of certain specific parameters, concentration and/or level of an emission, which may not be exceeded during one or more periods of time;(5a)"environmental performance limit value" means a performance value included in a permit, expressed for specified conditions in terms of certain specific parameters;(6)"environmental quality standard" means the set of requirements which must be fulfilled at a given time by a given environment or particular part thereof, as set out in Union law;(7)"permit" means a written authorisation to operate all or part of an installation or combustion plant, waste incineration plant or waste co-incineration plant;(8)"general binding rules" means emission limit values or other conditions, at least at sector level, that are adopted with the intention of being used directly to set permit conditions;(9)"substantial change" means a change in the nature or functioning, or an extension, of an installation or combustion plant, waste incineration plant or waste co-incineration plant which may have significant negative effects on human health or the environment;(9a)"deep industrial transformation" means the implementation by industrial operators of emerging techniques or best available techniques involving a major change in the design or technology of all or part of an installation or the replacement of an existing installation by a new installation, which allows an extremely substantial reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases in line with the objective of climate neutrality and optimises environmental co-benefits, at least to the levels that can be achieved by techniques identified in the applicable BAT conclusions, taking into account cross-media effects;(10)"best available techniques" means the most effective and advanced stage in the development of activities and their methods of operation which indicates the practical suitability of particular techniques for providing the basis for emission limit values and other permit conditions designed to prevent and, where that is not practicable, to reduce emissions and the impact on the environment as a whole:(a)"techniques" includes both the technology used and the way in which the installation is designed, built, maintained, operated and decommissioned;(b)"available techniques" means techniques developed on a scale which allows implementation in the relevant industrial sector, under economically and technically viable conditions, taking into consideration the costs and advantages, regardless of whether such techniques are used or produced in the Union, as long as they are reasonably accessible to the operator;(c)"best" means most effective in achieving a high general level of protection of the environment as a whole, including human health and climate protection;(11)"BAT reference document" means a document, resulting from the exchange of information organised pursuant to Article 13, drawn up for defined activities and describing, in particular, applied techniques, present emissions and consumption levels, techniques considered for the determination of best available techniques as well as BAT conclusions and any emerging techniques, giving special consideration to the criteria listed in Annex III;(12)"BAT conclusions" means a document containing the parts of a BAT reference document laying down the conclusions on best available techniques and emerging techniques, their description, information to assess their applicability, the emission levels associated with those techniques, the environmental performance levels associated with those techniques, the content of an environmental management system including benchmarks, associated monitoring, associated consumption levels and, where appropriate, relevant site remediation measures;(12a)"operating rules" means the rules included in permits or general binding rules for the operation of activities referred to in Annex Ia, setting out the emission limit values, the environmental performance limit values, associated monitoring requirements, and, where relevant, land spreading practices, pollution prevention and mitigation practices, nutritional management, feed preparation, housing, manure management, including collection, storage, processing and land spreading of manure, and storage of dead animals, and which are consistent with the use of best available techniques;(13)"emission levels associated with the best available techniques" means the range of emission levels obtained under normal operating conditions using a best available technique or a combination of best available techniques, as described in BAT conclusions, expressed as an average over a given period of time, under specified reference conditions;(13a)"environmental performance levels associated with the best available techniques" means the range of environmental performance levels, obtained under normal operating conditions using a BAT or a combination of BATs; as described in BAT conclusions;(13aa)"environmental performance" means the performance with regard to consumption levels, resource efficiency concerning materials, water and energy resources, the reuse of materials and water, and to waste generation;(13b)"benchmarks" means the indicative range of environmental performance levels associated with best available techniques, which is to be used as a reference in the EMS;(14)"emerging technique" means a novel technique for an industrial activity that, if commercially developed, could provide either a higher general level of protection of human health and the environment or at least the same level of protection of human health and the environment and higher cost savings than existing best available techniques;(15)"operator" means any natural or legal person who operates or controls in whole or in part the installation or combustion plant, waste incineration plant or waste co-incineration plant or, where this is provided for in national law, to whom decisive economic power over the technical functioning of the installation or plant has been delegated;(16)"the public" means one or more natural or legal persons and, in accordance with national law or practice, their associations, organisations or groups;(17)"the public concerned" means the public affected or likely to be affected by, or having an interest in, the taking of a decision on the granting or the updating of a permit or of permit conditions; for the purposes of this definition, non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment and meeting any requirements under national law shall be deemed to have an interest;(18)"hazardous substances" means substances or mixtures as defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixturesOJ L 353, 31.12.2008, p. 1.;(19)"baseline report" means information on the state of soil and groundwater contamination by relevant hazardous substances;(20)"groundwater" means groundwater as defined in point 2 of Article 2 of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policyOJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1.;(21)"soil" means the top layer of the Earth’s crust situated between the bedrock and the surface. The soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air and living organisms;(22)"environmental inspection" means all actions, including site visits, monitoring of emissions and checks of internal reports and follow-up documents, verification of self-monitoring, checking of the techniques used and adequacy of the environment management of the installation, undertaken by or on behalf of the competent authority to check and promote compliance of installations with their permit conditions and, where necessary, to monitor their environmental impact;(23)"poultry" means poultry as defined in Article 4, point 9, of Regulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) 2016/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on transmissible animal diseases and amending and repealing certain acts in the area of animal health ("Animal Health Law") (OJ L 84, 31.3.2016, p. 1).;(23a)"pigs" means pigs as defined in Article 2 of Council Directive 2008/120/ECCouncil Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008 laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs (OJ L 47, 18.2.2009, p. 5).;(23b)"livestock unit" means a standard measurement unit that allows for the aggregation of the various categories of livestock in order for them to be compared, and is calculated by using the coefficients for individual livestock categories listed in Annex Ia;(24)"fuel" means any solid, liquid or gaseous combustible material;(25)"combustion plant" means any technical apparatus in which fuels are oxidised in order to use the heat thus generated;(26)"stack" means a structure containing one or more flues providing a passage for waste gases in order to discharge them into the air;(27)"operating hours" means the time, expressed in hours, during which a combustion plant, in whole or in part, is operating and discharging emissions into the air, excluding start-up and shut-down periods;(28)"rate of desulphurisation" means the ratio over a given period of time of the quantity of sulphur which is not emitted into air by a combustion plant to the quantity of sulphur contained in the solid fuel which is introduced into the combustion plant facilities and which is used in the plant over the same period of time;(29)"indigenous solid fuel" means a naturally occurring solid fuel fired in a combustion plant specifically designed for that fuel and extracted locally;(30)"determinative fuel" means the fuel which, amongst all fuels used in a multi-fuel firing combustion plant using the distillation and conversion residues from the refining of crude-oil for own consumption, alone or with other fuels, has the highest emission limit value as set out in Part 1 of Annex V, or, in the case of several fuels having the same emission limit value, the fuel having the highest thermal input amongst those fuels;(31)"biomass" means any of the following:(a)products consisting of any vegetable matter from agriculture or forestry which can be used as a fuel for the purpose of recovering its energy content;(b)the following waste:(i)vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry;(ii)vegetable waste from the food processing industry, if the heat generated is recovered;(iii)fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and the heat generated is recovered;(iv)cork waste;(v)wood waste with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating and which includes, in particular, such wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste;(32)"multi-fuel firing combustion plant" means any combustion plant which may be fired simultaneously or alternately by two or more types of fuel;(33)"gas turbine" means any rotating machine which converts thermal energy into mechanical work, consisting mainly of a compressor, a thermal device in which fuel is oxidised in order to heat the working fluid, and a turbine;(34)"gas engine" means an internal combustion engine which operates according to the Otto cycle and uses spark ignition or, in case of dual fuel engines, compression ignition to burn fuel;(35)"diesel engine" means an internal combustion engine which operates according to the diesel cycle and uses compression ignition to burn fuel;(36)"small isolated system" means a small isolated system as defined in point 26 of Article 2 of Directive 2003/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricityOJ L 176, 15.7.2003, p. 37.;(37)"waste" means waste as defined in point 1 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on wasteOJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3.;(38)"hazardous waste" means hazardous waste as defined in point 2 of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC;(39)"mixed municipal waste" means waste from households as well as commercial, industrial and institutional waste which, because of its nature and composition, is similar to waste from households, but excluding fractions indicated under heading 20 01 of the Annex to Decision 2000/532/ECCommission Decision 2000/532/EC of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste (OJ L 226, 6.9.2000, p. 3). that are collected separately at source and excluding the other waste indicated under heading 20 02 of that Annex;(40)"waste incineration plant" means any stationary or mobile technical unit and equipment dedicated to the thermal treatment of waste, with or without recovery of the combustion heat generated, through the incineration by oxidation of waste as well as other thermal treatment processes, such as pyrolysis, gasification or plasma process, if the substances resulting from the treatment are subsequently incinerated;(41)"waste co-incineration plant" means any stationary or mobile technical unit whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products and which uses waste as a regular or additional fuel or in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal through the incineration by oxidation of waste as well as other thermal treatment processes, such as pyrolysis, gasification or plasma process, if the substances resulting from the treatment are subsequently incinerated;(42)"nominal capacity" means the sum of the incineration capacities of the furnaces of which a waste incineration plant or a waste co-incineration plant is composed, as specified by the constructor and confirmed by the operator, with due account being taken of the calorific value of the waste, expressed as the quantity of waste incinerated per hour;(43)"dioxins and furans" means all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans listed in Part 2 of Annex VI;(44)"organic compound" means any compound containing at least the element carbon and one or more of hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon or nitrogen, with the exception of carbon oxides and inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates;(45)"volatile organic compound" means any organic compound as well as the fraction of creosote, having at 293,15 K a vapour pressure of 0,01 kPa or more, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use;(46)"organic solvent" means any volatile organic compound which is used for any of the following:(a)alone or in combination with other agents, and without undergoing a chemical change, to dissolve raw materials, products or waste materials;(b)as a cleaning agent to dissolve contaminants;(c)as a dissolver;(d)as a dispersion medium;(e)as a viscosity adjuster;(f)as a surface tension adjuster;(g)as a plasticiser;(h)as a preservative;(47)"coating" means coating as defined in point 8 of Article 2 of Directive 2004/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain paints and varnishes and vehicle refinishing productsOJ L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 87.;(48)"emission levels associated with emerging techniques" means the range of emission levels obtained under normal operating conditions using an emerging technique or a combination of emerging techniques, as described in BAT conclusions, expressed as an average over a given period of time, under specified reference conditions;(49)"environmental performance levels associated with emerging techniques" means the range of environmental performance levels, obtained under normal operating conditions, using an emerging technique or a combination of emerging techniques as described in BAT conclusions;(50)"compliance assurance" means mechanisms for securing compliance using three categories of intervention: compliance promotion; compliance monitoring; follow-up and enforcement.
Article 4Obligation to hold a permit1.Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that no installation or combustion plant, waste incineration plant or waste co-incineration plant is operated without a permit.By way of derogation from the first subparagraph, Member States may set a procedure for the registration of installations covered only by Chapter V or Chapter VIa.The procedure for registration shall be specified in a binding act and include at least a notification to the competent authority by the operator of the intention to operate an installation.2.Member States may opt to provide that a permit cover two or more installations or parts of installations operated by the same operator on the same site.Where a permit covers two or more installations, it shall contain conditions to ensure that each installation complies with the requirements of this Directive.3.Member States may opt to provide that a permit cover several parts of an installation operated by different operators. In such cases, the permit shall specify the responsibilities of each operator.
Article 5Granting of a permit1.Without prejudice to other requirements laid down in national or Union law, the competent authority shall grant a permit if the installation complies with the requirements of this Directive.2.Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that the conditions of, and the procedures for the granting of, the permit are fully coordinated where more than one competent authority or more than one operator is involved or more than one permit is granted, in order to guarantee an effective integrated approach by all authorities competent for this procedure.3.In the case of a new installation or a substantial change where Article 4 of Directive 85/337/EEC applies, any relevant information obtained or conclusion arrived at pursuant to Articles 5, 6, 7 and 9 of that Directive shall be examined and used for the purposes of granting the permit.4.Member States shall develop systems for the electronic permitting of installations and implement electronic permitting procedures by 31 December 2035.The Commission shall organise an exchange of information with the Member States on electronic permitting and publish guidance on best practices.
Article 6General binding rulesWithout prejudice to the obligation to hold a permit, Member States may include requirements for certain categories of installations, combustion plants, waste incineration plants or waste co-incineration plants in general binding rules.Where general binding rules are adopted, the permit may simply include a reference to such rules.
Article 7Incidents and accidentsWithout prejudice to Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the CouncilDirective 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage (OJ L 143, 30.4.2004, p. 56)., in the event of any incident or accident significantly affecting human health or the environment, Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that:(a)the operator informs the competent authority immediately;(b)the operator immediately takes the measures to limit the consequences for human health or the environment and to prevent further possible incidents or accidents; and(c)the competent authority requires the operator to take any appropriate complementary measures that the competent authority considers necessary to limit the consequences for human health or the environment and to prevent further possible incidents or accidents.In the event of pollution affecting drinking water resources, including transboundary resources, or affecting waste water infrastructure in the case of indirect discharge, the competent authority shall inform the drinking water and waste water operators affected of the measures taken to prevent damage being caused, or remedy the damage caused, by that pollution to human health and the environment.In the event of any incident or accident significantly affecting human health or the environment in another Member State, the Member State in whose territory the accident or incident has occurred shall ensure that the competent authority of the other Member State is immediately informed. Transboundary and multidisciplinary cooperation between the affected Member States shall be aimed at limiting the consequences for the environment and human health and to prevent further possible incidents or accidents.
Article 8Non-compliance1.Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the permit conditions are complied with.They shall also adopt compliance assurance measures to promote, monitor and enforce compliance with obligations placed on natural or legal persons under this Directive.2.In the event of a breach of the permit conditions, Member States shall ensure that:(a)the operator immediately informs the competent authority;(b)the operator immediately takes the measures necessary to ensure that compliance is restored within the shortest possible time; and(c)the competent authority requires the operator to take any appropriate complementary measures that the competent authority considers necessary to restore compliance.3.Where the breach of the permit conditions poses an immediate danger to human health or threatens to cause an immediate significant adverse effect upon the environment, and until compliance is restored in accordance with the second paragraph, points (b) and (c), the operation of the installation, combustion plant, waste incineration plant, waste co-incineration plant or relevant part thereof shall be suspended without any delay.Where such breach threatens human health or the environment in another Member State, the Member State in whose territory the breach of the permit conditions has occurred shall ensure that the other Member State is informed.4.In situations not covered by paragraph 3 of this Article, where a persistent breach of the permit conditions poses a danger to human health or causes a significant adverse effect upon the environment, and where the necessary action for restoring compliance identified in the inspection report referred to in Article 23(6) has not been implemented, the operation of the installation, combustion plant, waste incineration plant, waste co-incineration plant or relevant part thereof may be suspended by the competent authority until compliance with the permit conditions is restored.5.Member States shall ensure that suspension measures referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 and adopted by competent authorities in relation to an operator which infringes national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive are enforced in an effective manner.6.In the event of a breach of compliance affecting drinking water resources, including transboundary resources, or affecting waste water infrastructure in the case of an indirect discharge, the competent authority shall inform the drinking water and waste water operators, and all relevant authorities with a responsibility regarding compliance with the environmental legislation concerned, of the breach and the measures taken to prevent damage being caused, or remedy the damage caused, to human health and the environment.
Article 9Emission of greenhouse gases1.Where emissions of a greenhouse gas from an installation are specified in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC in relation to an activity carried out in that installation, the permit shall not include an emission limit value for direct emissions of that gas, unless necessary to ensure that no significant local pollution is caused.2.For activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC, Member States may choose not to impose requirements laid down in Article 14(1), point (aa) and Article 15(4) of this Directive relating to energy efficiency in respect of combustion units or other units emitting carbon dioxide on the site.3.Where necessary, the competent authorities shall amend the permit as appropriate.4.Paragraphs 1 to 3 shall not apply to installations which are temporarily excluded from the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union in accordance with Article 27 of Directive 2003/87/EC.
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