(a) the common general framework for a methodology for calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and building units; (b) the application of minimum requirements to the energy performance of new buildings and new building units; (c) the application of minimum requirements to the energy performance of: (i) existing buildings, building units and building elements that are subject to major renovation; (ii) building elements that form part of the building envelope and that have a significant impact on the energy performance of the building envelope when they are retrofitted or replaced; and (iii) technical building systems whenever they are installed, replaced or upgraded;
(d) national plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings; (e) energy certification of buildings or building units; (f) regular inspection of heating and air-conditioning systems in buildings; and (g) independent control systems for energy performance certificates and inspection reports.
Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
Modified by
- Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 30 May 2018amending Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency(Text with EEA relevance), 32018L0844, June 19, 2018
1. "building" means a roofed construction having walls, for which energy is used to condition the indoor climate; 2. "nearly zero-energy building" means a building that has a very high energy performance, as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby; 3. "technical building system" means technical equipment for space heating, space cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, built-in lighting, building automation and control, on-site electricity generation, or a combination thereof, including those systems using energy from renewable sources, of a building or building unit; 3a. "building automation and control system" means a system comprising all products, software and engineering services that can support energy efficient, economical and safe operation of technical building systems through automatic controls and by facilitating the manual management of those technical building systems; 4. "energy performance of a building" means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and lighting; 5. "primary energy" means energy from renewable and non-renewable sources which has not undergone any conversion or transformation process; 6. "energy from renewable sources" means energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases; 7. "building envelope" means the integrated elements of a building which separate its interior from the outdoor environment; 8. "building unit" means a section, floor or apartment within a building which is designed or altered to be used separately; 9. "building element" means a technical building system or an element of the building envelope; 10. "major renovation" means the renovation of a building where: (a) the total cost of the renovation relating to the building envelope or the technical building systems is higher than 25 % of the value of the building, excluding the value of the land upon which the building is situated; or (b) more than 25 % of the surface of the building envelope undergoes renovation;
Member States may choose to apply option (a) or (b). 11. "European standard" means a standard adopted by the European Committee for Standardisation, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation or the European Telecommunications Standards Institute and made available for public use; 12. "energy performance certificate" means a certificate recognised by a Member State or by a legal person designated by it, which indicates the energy performance of a building or building unit, calculated according to a methodology adopted in accordance with Article 3; 13. "cogeneration" means simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy; 14. "cost-optimal level" means the energy performance level which leads to the lowest cost during the estimated economic lifecycle, where: (a) the lowest cost is determined taking into account energy-related investment costs, maintenance and operating costs (including energy costs and savings, the category of building concerned, earnings from energy produced), where applicable, and disposal costs, where applicable; and (b) the estimated economic lifecycle is determined by each Member State. It refers to the remaining estimated economic lifecycle of a building where energy performance requirements are set for the building as a whole, or to the estimated economic lifecycle of a building element where energy performance requirements are set for building elements.
The cost-optimal level shall lie within the range of performance levels where the cost benefit analysis calculated over the estimated economic lifecycle is positive; 15. "air-conditioning system" means a combination of the components required to provide a form of indoor air treatment, by which temperature is controlled or can be lowered; 15a. "heating system" means a combination of the components required to provide a form of indoor air treatment, by which the temperature is increased; 15b. "heat generator" means the part of a heating system that generates useful heat using one or more of the following processes: (a) the combustion of fuels in, for example, a boiler; (b) the Joule effect, taking place in the heating elements of an electric resistance heating system; (c) capturing heat from ambient air, ventilation exhaust air, or a water or ground heat source using a heat pump;
15c. "energy performance contracting" means energy performance contracting as defined in point (27) of Article 2 of Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives 2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC (OJ L 315, 14.11.2012, p. 1 ).16. "boiler" means the combined boiler body-burner unit, designed to transmit to fluids the heat released from burning; 17. "effective rated output" means the maximum calorific output, expressed in kW, specified and guaranteed by the manufacturer as being deliverable during continuous operation while complying with the useful efficiency indicated by the manufacturer; 18. "heat pump" means a machine, a device or installation that transfers heat from natural surroundings such as air, water or ground to buildings or industrial applications by reversing the natural flow of heat such that it flows from a lower to a higher temperature. For reversible heat pumps, it may also move heat from the building to the natural surroundings; 19. "district heating" or "district cooling" means the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam, hot water or chilled liquids, from a central source of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites, for the use of space or process heating or cooling; 20. "micro isolated system" means micro isolated system as defined in point 27 of Article 2 of Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2009/72/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in electricity and repealing Directive 2003/54/EC (OJ L 211, 14.8.2009, p. 55 ).
(a) an overview of the national building stock, based, as appropriate, on statistical sampling and expected share of renovated buildings in 2020; (b) the identification of cost-effective approaches to renovation relevant to the building type and climatic zone, considering potential relevant trigger points, where applicable, in the life-cycle of the building; (c) policies and actions to stimulate cost-effective deep renovation of buildings, including staged deep renovation, and to support targeted cost-effective measures and renovation for example by introducing an optional scheme for building renovation passports; (d) an overview of policies and actions to target the worst performing segments of the national building stock, split-incentive dilemmas and market failures, and an outline of relevant national actions that contribute to the alleviation of energy poverty; (e) policies and actions to target all public buildings; (f) an overview of national initiatives to promote smart technologies and well-connected buildings and communities, as well as skills and education in the construction and energy efficiency sectors; and (g) an evidence-based estimate of expected energy savings and wider benefits, such as those related to health, safety and air quality.
(a) the aggregation of projects, including by investment platforms or groups, and by consortia of small and medium-sized enterprises, to enable investor access as well as packaged solutions for potential clients; (b) the reduction of the perceived risk of energy efficiency operations for investors and the private sector; (c) the use of public funding to leverage additional private-sector investment or address specific market failures; (d) guiding investments into an energy efficient public building stock, in line with Eurostat guidance; and (e) accessible and transparent advisory tools, such as one-stop-shops for consumers and energy advisory services, on relevant energy efficiency renovations and financing instruments.
(a) buildings officially protected as part of a designated environment or because of their special architectural or historical merit, in so far as compliance with certain minimum energy performance requirements would unacceptably alter their character or appearance; (b) buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities; (c) temporary buildings with a time of use of two years or less, industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings with low energy demand and non-residential agricultural buildings which are in use by a sector covered by a national sectoral agreement on energy performance; (d) residential buildings which are used or intended to be used for either less than four months of the year or, alternatively, for a limited annual time of use and with an expected energy consumption of less than 25 % of what would be the result of all-year use; (e) stand-alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50 m 2 .
(a) the car park is located inside the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical infrastructure of the building; or (b) the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical infrastructure of the car park.
(a) the car park is located inside the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electric infrastructure of the building; or (b) the car park is physically adjacent to the building, and, for major renovations, renovation measures include the car park or the electrical infrastructure of the car park.
(a) with regard to paragraphs 2 and 5, building permit applications or equivalent applications have been submitted by 10 March 2021 ;(b) the ducting infrastructure required would rely on micro isolated systems or the buildings are situated in the outermost regions within the meaning of Article 349 TFEU, if this would lead to substantial problems for the operation of the local energy system and would endanger the stability of the local grid; (c) the cost of the recharging and ducting installations exceeds 7 % of the total cost of the major renovation of the building; (d) a public building is already covered by comparable requirements according to the transposition of Directive 2014/94/EU.
(a) establish the definition of the smart readiness indicator; and (b) establish a methodology by which it is to be calculated.
(a) by 31 December 2020 , all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings; and(b) after 31 December 2018 , new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings.
(a) the Member State’s detailed application in practice of the definition of nearly zero-energy buildings, reflecting their national, regional or local conditions, and including a numerical indicator of primary energy use expressed in kWh/m 2 per year. Primary energy factors used for the determination of the primary energy use may be based on national or regional yearly average values and may take into account relevant European standards;(b) intermediate targets for improving the energy performance of new buildings, by 2015, with a view to preparing the implementation of paragraph 1; (c) information on the policies and financial or other measures adopted in the context of paragraphs 1 and 2 for the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings, including details of national requirements and measures concerning the use of energy from renewable sources in new buildings and existing buildings undergoing major renovation in the context of Article 13(4) of Directive 2009/28/EC and Articles 6 and 7 of this Directive.
(a) the effectiveness, the appropriateness of the level, and the actual amount used, of structural funds and framework programmes that were used for increasing energy efficiency in buildings, especially in housing; (b) the effectiveness of the use of funds from the EIB and other public finance institutions; (c) the coordination of Union and national funding and other forms of support that can act as a leverage for stimulating investments in energy efficiency and the adequacy of such funds for achieving Union objectives.
(a) the energy performance of the equipment or material used for the renovation; in which case, the equipment or material used for the renovation is to be installed by an installer with the relevant level of certification or qualification; (b) standard values for calculation of energy savings in buildings; (c) the improvement achieved due to such renovation by comparing energy performance certificates issued before and after renovation; (d) the results of an energy audit; (e) the results of another relevant, transparent and proportionate method that shows the improvement in energy performance.
(a) measures carried out in connection with a major renovation of the building envelope or technical building system(s); and (b) measures for individual building elements independent of a major renovation of the building envelope or technical building system(s).
(a) on a common certification of the whole building; or (b) on the assessment of another representative building unit with the same energy-relevant characteristics in the same building.
(a) buildings or building units which are constructed, sold or rented out to a new tenant; and (b) buildings where a total useful floor area over 500 m 2 is occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public. On9 July 2015 , this threshold of 500 m2 shall be lowered to 250 m2 .
buildings having an energy performance certificate, building units in a building having an energy performance certificate, and building units having an energy performance certificate,
(a) continuously monitoring, logging, analysing and allowing for adjusting energy use; (b) benchmarking the building’s energy efficiency, detecting losses in efficiency of technical building systems, and informing the person responsible for the facilities or technical building management about opportunities for energy efficiency improvement; and (c) allowing communication with connected technical building systems and other appliances inside the building, and being interoperable with technical building systems across different types of proprietary technologies, devices and manufacturers.
(a) the functionality of continuous electronic monitoring that measures systems’ efficiency and informs building owners or managers when it has fallen significantly and when system servicing is necessary; and (b) effective control functionalities to ensure optimum generation, distribution, storage and use of energy.
(a) continuously monitoring, logging, analysing and allowing for adjusting energy use; (b) benchmarking the building’s energy efficiency, detecting losses in efficiency of technical building systems, and informing the person responsible for the facilities or technical building management about opportunities for energy efficiency improvement; and (c) allowing communication with connected technical building systems and other appliances inside the building, and being interoperable with technical building systems across different types of proprietary technologies, devices and manufacturers.
(a) the functionality of continuous electronic monitoring that measures systems’ efficiency and informs building owners or managers when it has fallen significantly and when system servicing is necessary, and (b) effective control functionalities to ensure optimum generation, distribution, storage and use of energy.
(a) the following actual thermal characteristics of the building including its internal partitions: (i) thermal capacity; (ii) insulation; (iii) passive heating; (iv) cooling elements; and (v) thermal bridges;
(b) heating installation and hot water supply, including their insulation characteristics; (c) air-conditioning installations; (d) natural and mechanical ventilation which may include air-tightness; (e) built-in lighting installation (mainly in the non-residential sector); (f) the design, positioning and orientation of the building, including outdoor climate; (g) passive solar systems and solar protection; (h) indoor climatic conditions, including the designed indoor climate; (i) internal loads.
(a) local solar exposure conditions, active solar systems and other heating and electricity systems based on energy from renewable sources; (b) electricity produced by cogeneration; (c) district or block heating and cooling systems; (d) natural lighting.
(a) single-family houses of different types; (b) apartment blocks; (c) offices; (d) educational buildings; (e) hospitals; (f) hotels and restaurants; (g) sports facilities; (h) wholesale and retail trade services buildings; (i) other types of energy-consuming buildings.
1. The Commission shall establish the definition of the smart readiness indicator and a methodology by which it is to be calculated, in order to assess the capabilities of a building or building unit to adapt its operation to the needs of the occupant and of the grid and to improve its energy efficiency and overall performance. The smart readiness indicator shall cover features for enhanced energy savings, benchmarking and flexibility, enhanced functionalities and capabilities resulting from more interconnected and intelligent devices. The methodology shall take into account features such as smart meters, building automation and control systems, self-regulating devices for the regulation of indoor air temperature, built-in home appliances, recharging points for electric vehicles, energy storage and detailed functionalities and the interoperability of those features, as well as benefits for the indoor climate condition, energy efficiency, performance levels and enabled flexibility. 2. The methodology shall rely on three key functionalities relating to the building and its technical building systems: (a) the ability to maintain energy performance and operation of the building through the adaptation of energy consumption for example through use of energy from renewable sources; (b) the ability to adapt its operation mode in response to the needs of the occupant while paying due attention to the availability of user-friendliness, maintaining healthy indoor climate conditions and the ability to report on energy use; and (c) the flexibility of a building’s overall electricity demand, including its ability to enable participation in active and passive as well as implicit and explicit demand response, in relation to the grid, for example through flexibility and load shifting capacities.
3. The methodology may further take into account: (a) the interoperability between systems (smart meters, building automation and control systems, built-in home appliances, self-regulating devices for the regulation of indoor air temperature within the building and indoor air quality sensors and ventilations); and (b) the positive influence of existing communication networks, in particular the existence of high-speed-ready in-building physical infrastructure, such as the voluntary "broadband ready" label, and the existence of an access point for multi-dwelling buildings, in accordance with Article 8 of Directive 2014/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2014/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communications networks (OJ L 155, 23.5.2014, p. 1 ).
4. The methodology shall not negatively affect existing national energy performance certification schemes and shall build on related initiatives at national level, while taking into account the principle of occupant ownership, data protection, privacy and security, in compliance with relevant Union data protection and privacy law as well as best available techniques for cyber security. 5. The methodology shall set out the most appropriate format of the smart readiness indicator parameter and shall be simple, transparent, and easily understandable for consumers, owners, investors and demand-response market participants.
(a) validity check of the input data of the building used to issue the energy performance certificate and the results stated in the certificate; (b) check of the input data and verification of the results of the energy performance certificate, including the recommendations made; (c) full check of the input data of the building used to issue the energy performance certificate, full verification of the results stated in the certificate, including the recommendations made, and on-site visit of the building, if possible, to check correspondence between specifications given in the energy performance certificate and the building certified.
guidelines to accompany the comparative methodology framework; these guidelines will serve to enable the Member States to undertake the steps listed below, information on estimated long-term energy price developments.
define reference buildings that are characterised by and representative of their functionality and geographic location, including indoor and outdoor climate conditions. The reference buildings shall cover residential and non-residential buildings, both new and existing ones, define energy efficiency measures to be assessed for the reference buildings. These may be measures for individual buildings as a whole, for individual building elements, or for a combination of building elements, assess the final and primary energy need of the reference buildings and the reference buildings with the defined energy efficiency measures applied, calculate the costs (i.e. the net present value) of the energy efficiency measures (as referred to in the second indent) during the expected economic lifecycle applied to the reference buildings (as referred to in the first indent) by applying the comparative methodology framework principles.
| Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( | |
| Regulation (EC) No 1137/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( | only point 9.9 of the Annex |
| Directive | Time limit for transposition | Date of application |
|---|---|---|
| 2002/91/EC |
| Directive 2002/91/EC | This Directive |
|---|---|
| Article 1 | Article 1 |
| Article 2, point (1) | Article 2, point (1) |
| — | Article 2, points (2) and (3) |
| Article 2, point (2) | Article 2, point (4) and Annex I |
| — | Article 2, points (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10) and (11) |
| Article 2, point (3) | Article 2, point (12) |
| Article 2, point (4) | Article 2, point (13) |
| — | Article 2, point (14) |
| Article 2, point (5) | Article 2, point (15) |
| Article 2, point (6) | Article 2, point (16) |
| Article 2, point (7) | Article 2, point (17) |
| Article 2, point (8) | Article 2, point (18) |
| — | Article 2, point (19) |
| Article 3 | Article 3 and Annex I |
| Article 4(1) | Article 4(1) |
| Article 4(2) | — |
| Article 4(3) | Article 4(2) |
| — | Article 5 |
| Article 5 | Article 6(1) |
| — | Article 6(2) and (3) |
| Article 6 | Article 7 |
| — | Articles 8, 9 and 10 |
| Article 7(1) first subparagraph | Article 11(8) and Article 12(2) |
| Article 7(1) second subparagraph | Article 11(6) |
| Article 7(1) third subparagraph | Article 12(6) |
| Article 7(2) | Article 11(1) and (2) |
| — | Article 11(3), (4), (5), (7) and (9) |
| — | Article 12(1), (3), (4), (5) and (7) |
| Article 7(3) | Article 13(1) and (3) |
| — | Article 13(2) |
| Article 8, point (a) | Article 14(1) and (3) |
| — | Article 14(2) |
| Article 8, point (b) | Article 14(4) |
| — | Article 14(5) |
| Article 9 | Article 15(1) |
| — | Article 15(2), (3), (4) and (5) |
| — | Article 16 |
| Article 10 | Article 17 |
| — | Article 18 |
| Article 11, introductory wording | Article 19 |
| Article 11, points (a) and (b) | — |
| Article 12 | Article 20(1) and Article 20(2) second subparagraph |
| — | Article 20(2) first subparagraph and Article 20(3) and (4) |
| — | Article 21 |
| Article 13 | Article 22 |
| — | Articles 23, 24 and 25 |
| Article 14(1) | Article 26(1) |
| Article 14(2) and (3) | — |
| — | Article 26(2) |
| — | Article 27 |
| Article 15(1) | Article 28 |
| Article 15(2) | — |
| — | Article 29 |
| Article 16 | Article 30 |
| Article 17 | Article 31 |
| Annex | Annex I |
| — | Annexes II to V |
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