Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC (Text with EEA relevance) Basic information Dates Date of document: Date of publication: Date of effect: June 25, 2009 Entry into force - Date pub. + 20 See Art 28 Date of transposition: Date of end of validity: Modified by Modified by: All documents based on this document: Repealed by: Modifies Modifies: Repeal: Affected by case Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 20 April 2023. EEW Energy from Waste Großräschen GmbH v MNG Mitteldeutsche Netzgesellschaft Strom GmbH. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Environment – Directive 2009/28/EC – Promotion of energy from renewable energy sources – Article 16(2)(c) – Access to transmission and distribution grids – Priority access of electricity produced from renewable energy sources – Production from both renewable and conventional energy sources. Case C-580/21. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 1 July 2014. Ålands vindkraft AB v Energimyndigheten. Request for a preliminary ruling from the förvaltningsrätten i Linköping. Reference for a preliminary ruling — National support scheme providing for the award of tradable green certificates for installations producing electricity from renewable energy sources — Obligation for electricity suppliers and certain users to surrender annually to the competent authority a certain number of green certificates — Refusal to award green certificates for electricity production installations located outside the Member State in question — Directive 2009/28/EC — Article 2, second paragraph, point (k), and Article 3(3) — Free movement of goods — Article 34 TFEU. Case C‑573/12. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 20 September 2017. Elecdey Carcelen SA and Others v Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla-La Mancha. References for a preliminary ruling — Environment — Electricity generated by wind power — Directive 2009/28/EC — Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources — Subparagraph (k) of the second subparagraph of Article 2 — Aid scheme — Subparagraph (e) of the second subparagraph of Article 13(1) — Administrative charges — Directive 2008/118/EC — General arrangements for excise duty — Article 1(2) — Other indirect taxes for specific purposes — Directive 2003/96/EC — Taxation of energy products and electricity — Article 4 — Minimum rate of taxation on energy — Levy imposed on turbines designed to produce electricity. Joined Cases C-215/16, C-216/16, C-220/16 and C-221/16. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber), 31 January 2013. Belgische Petroleum Unie VZW and Others v Belgische Staat. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Grondwettelijk Hof. Directive 98/70/EC — Quality of petrol and diesel fuels — Articles 3 to 5 — Environmental specifications for fuels — Directive 98/34/EC — Information procedure in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on Information Society services — Articles 1 and 8 — Definition of ‘technical regulation’ — Obligation to communicate draft technical regulations — National rules requiring petroleum companies placing petrol and/or diesel fuels on the market in the same calendar year also to place on the market a quantity of biofuels. Case C‑26/11. Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 3 March 2021. Promociones Oliva Park SL v Tribunal Económico Administrativo Regional (TEAR) de la Comunidad Valenciana. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2008/118/EC – General arrangements for excise duty – Article 1(2) – Other indirect taxes on excise goods – Directive 2009/28/EC – Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources – Article 1 and Article 3(1), (2) and (3)(a), the latter paragraph read in conjunction with Article 2(k) – Directive 2009/72/EC – Common rules for the internal market in electricity – Tax on the value of electricity production – Nature and structure of the tax – Electricity from renewable sources and electricity from non-renewable sources taxed in the same way. Case C-220/19. A01 A03P1 A03P3LA A02L2LK A03P2 Order of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 1 March 2022. Milis Energy SpA and Others v Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio. References for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Environment – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Articles 16 and 17 – Principles of legal certainty and protection of legitimate expectations – Energy Charter Treaty – Article 10 – Applicability – Directive 2009/28/EC – Article 3(3)(a) – Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources – Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic installations – Amendment of an aid scheme. Joined Cases C-306/19, C-512/19, C-595/19 and C-608/20 to C-610/20. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 21 July 2011. Azienda Agro-Zootecnica Franchini sarl and Eolica di Altamura Srl v Regione Puglia. Reference for a preliminary ruling from Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per la Puglia. Environment – Directive 92/43/EEC – Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora – Directive 79/409/EEC – Conservation of wild birds – Special areas of conservation forming part of the Natura 2000 European Ecological Network – Directives 2009/28/EC and 2001/77/EC – Renewable energy sources – National rules – Prohibition on the location of wind turbines not intended for self‑consumption – No assessment of the environmental implications of the project. Case C-2/10. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 2 March 2017. J. D. v Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Apelacyjny w Warszawie Wydział Cywilny. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Environment — Directive 2009/28/EC — The second subparagraph of Article 2(a) — Energy from renewable sources — Hydropower — Meaning — Energy produced in a small-scale hydropower plant located at the point of discharge of industrial waste water from another plant. Case C-4/16. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 22 June 2017. E.ON Biofor Sverige AB v Statens energimyndighet. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Förvaltningsrätten i Linköping. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Promotion of energy from renewable sources — Biofuels for transport — Directive 2009/28/EC — Article 18(1) — ‘Mass balance’ system to ensure that biogas meets the prescribed sustainability criteria — Validity — Articles 34 and 114 TFEU — National rules requiring the mass balance to be achieved within a location with a clear boundary — Practice of the competent national authority to accept that that condition may be satisfied where sustainable biogas is transported using the national gas network — Order of that authority stating that that condition cannot be satisfied where sustainable biogas is imported from other Member States via interconnected national gas networks — Free movement of goods. Case C-549/15. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 7 March 2024. Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA) v Fallimento Esperia spa and Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA - GSE. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato. Reference for a preliminary ruling – National support scheme providing for the award of tradable green certificates to national producers of electricity from renewable energy sources – Import of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in another Member State – Obligation to purchase green certificates – Penalty – Exemption – Directive 2001/77/EC – Directive 2009/28/EC – Support scheme – Guarantees of origin – Free movement of goods – Articles 18, 28, 30, 34 and 110 TFEU – State aid – Articles 107 and 108 TFEU – State resources – Selective advantage. Case C-558/22. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 24 October 2019. Prato Nevoso Termo Energy Srl v Provincia di Cuneo and ARPA Piemonte. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Piemonte. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Environment — Directive 2008/98/EC — Waste — Used vegetable oils having undergone chemical treatment — Article 6(1) and (4) — End-of-waste status — Directive 2009/28/EC — Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources — Article 13 — National authorisation, certification and licensing procedures that are applied to plants for the production of electricity, heating or cooling from renewable energy sources — Use of a bioliquid as a power source for an electric power plant. Case C-212/18. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 9 March 2023. Vapo Atlantic SA v Entidade Nacional para o Setor Energético E.P.E. (ENSE). Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Administrativo e Fiscal de Braga. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Information procedure in the field of technical standards and regulations and of rules on Information Society services – Directive 98/34/EC – Article 1(4) – Concept of ‘other requirements’ – Article 1(11) – Concept of ‘technical regulation’ – Article 8(1) – Obligation on the Member States to notify the European Commission of any draft technical regulation – National provision providing for the incorporation of a certain percentage of biofuels into motor fuels – Third indent of Article 10(1) – Concept of ‘safeguard clause provided for in a binding EU act’ – Second subparagraph of Article 4(1) of Directive 2009/30/EC not included. Case C-604/21. Order of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 30 April 2020. „Marvik-Pastrogor“ EOOD v Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na fïnansite and „Rodes - 08“ EOOD v Narodno sabranie na Republika Bulgaria and Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na finansite. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven kasatsionen sad (Bulgarie) and Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 53(2) and Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Environment – Electricity generated by solar and wind power – Directive 2009/28/EC – Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources – Article 3(3), first subparagraph, point (a) – Mandatory national overall targets – Articles 16 and 17 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Freedom to conduct a business – Right to property – General principles of non-discrimination, legal certainty and the protection of legitimate expectations – Tax on the production of energy from renewable sources – Manifest lack of jurisdiction, in part, of the Court. Joined Cases C-818/19 and C-878/19. Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 11 July 2019. Agrenergy Srl and Fusignano Due Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Environment — Directive 2009/28/EC — Article 3(3)(a) — Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources — Production of electricity by solar photovoltaic plants — Alteration of a support scheme — Principles of legal certainty and the protection of legitimate expectations. Joined Cases C-180/18, C-286/18 and C-287/18. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 28 May 2020. Syndyk Masy Upadłości ECO-WIND Construction S.A. w upadłości anciennement v Samorządowe Kolegium Odwoławcze w Kielcach. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Kielcach. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Directive (EU) 2015/1535 — Standards and technical regulations — Wind generators — Directive 2006/123/EC — Concept of ‘service’ — Environment — Directive 2009/28/EC — Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources — Mandatory national overall targets — National rule on the authorisation procedures applicable to plants for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources – Proportionality — Legislation of a Member State laying down restrictions on the location of wind turbines. Case C-727/17. Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 15 April 2021. Federazione nazionale delle imprese elettrotecniche ed elettroniche (Anie) and Others and Athesia Energy Srl and Others v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpA. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio. References for a preliminary ruling – Environment – Articles 16 and 17 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Principles of legal certainty and of the protection of legitimate expectations – Energy Charter Treaty – Article 10 – Applicability – Directive 2009/28/EC – Article 3(3)(a) – Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources – Production of electricity from solar photovoltaic installations – Alteration of a support scheme. Joined Cases C-798/18 and C-799/18. Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 22 June 2017. E.ON Biofor Sverige AB v Statens energimyndighet. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Förvaltningsrätten i Linköping. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Promotion of energy from renewable sources — Biofuels for transport — Directive 2009/28/EC — Article 18(1) — ‘Mass balance’ system to ensure that biogas meets the prescribed sustainability criteria — Validity — Articles 34 and 114 TFEU — National rules requiring the mass balance to be achieved within a location with a clear boundary — Practice of the competent national authority to accept that that condition may be satisfied where sustainable biogas is transported using the national gas network — Order of that authority stating that that condition cannot be satisfied where sustainable biogas is imported from other Member States via interconnected national gas networks — Free movement of goods. Case C-549/15. Case C-242/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 8 May 2017 — Legatoria Editoriale Giovanni Olivotto (LEGO) SpA v Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpA and Others article 18 paragraph 4 article 18 paragraph 7 Case C-4/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Apelacyjny w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 4 January 2016 — J.D. v Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki recital 30 article 2 point (a) article 5 paragraph 3 Case C-287/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 9 March 2018 — Fusignano Due Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico article 3 paragraph 3 point (a) Case C-286/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 9 March 2018 — Agrenergy Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico article 3 paragraph 3 point (a) Case C-798/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 December 2018 — Federazione nazionale delle imprese elettrotecniche ed elettroniche (Anie) and Others v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpA Case C-799/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 December 2018 — Athesia Energy Srl and Others v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici (GSE) SpA Case C-595/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 23 July 2019 — Fototre Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Others Case C-306/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 15 April 2019 — Milis Energy SpA v Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-148/23, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 10 March 2023 — Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE v Erg Eolica Ginestra Srl and Others article 1 article 3 recital 14 recital 25 recital 8 Case C-216/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) lodged on 18 April 2016 — Energías Eólicas de Cuenca S.A. v Comisión Superior de Hacienda de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla de la Mancha article 13 paragraph 1 point (e) article 2 point (k) Case C-549/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Förvaltningsrätten i Linköping (Sweden) lodged on 22 October 2015 — E.ON Biofor Sverige AB v Statens energimyndighet Case C-215/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) lodged on 18 April 2016 — Elecdey Carcelén, S.A. v Comisión Superior de Hacienda de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla la Mancha article 13 paragraph 1 point (e) article 2 point (k) Case C-727/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Kielcach (Poland) lodged on 29 December 2017 — ECO-WIND Construction S.A., established in Warsaw v Samorządowe Kolegium Odwoławcze w Kielcach article 13 paragraph 1 L 1 article 3 paragraph 1 L 1 Case C-558/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 19 August 2022 — Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA) v Fallimento Esperia SpA, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-580/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Bundesgerichtshof (Germany) lodged on 22 September 2021 — EEW Energy from Waste Großräschen GmbH v MNG Mitteldeutsche Netzgesellschaft Strom GmbH article 2 point (e) article 2 point (a) article 16 paragraph 2 point (c) article 5 paragraph 3 unnumbered paragraph 2 Case C-366/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 8 May 2019 — ‘BOSOLAR’ EOOD v ‘CHEZ ELEKTRO BULGARIA’ AD article 3 recital 8 recital 14 article 4 Case C-66/24, Higreen Power: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 30 January 2024 – Higreen Power Srl v Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA – GSE, Presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri, Consiglio dei Ministri, Ministero dell’Economia e delle Finanze, Ministero dell’ambiente e della sicurezza energetica, Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy, Autorità di Regolazione per Energia Reti e Ambiente (ARERA) Case C-180/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 9 March 2018 — Agrenergy Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico article 3 paragraph 3 point (a) Case C-604/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Administrativo e Fiscal de Braga, Juízo Administrativo Comum (Portugal) lodged on 28 September 2021 — Vapo Atlantic, S.A. v Entidade Nacional para o Sector Energético, E.P.E. (ENSE) and Others Case C-220/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) lodged on 20 April 2016 — Iberenova Promociones S.A.U. v Comisión Superior de Hacienda de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla de la Mancha article 2 point (k) article 13 paragraph 1 point (e) Case C-221/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) lodged on 20 April 2016 — Iberdrola Renovables Castilla-La Mancha S.A. v Comisión Superior de Hacienda de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla de la Mancha article 13 paragraph 1 point (e) article 2 point (k) Case C-212/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Piemonte (Italy) lodged on 26 March 2018 — Prato Nevoso Termo Energy Srl v Province of Cuneo, ARPA Piemonte Case C-609/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 November 2020 — Soelia SpA v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-610/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 November 2020 — Cosilt — Consorzio per lo sviluppo economico locale di Tolmezzo v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-611/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 November 2020 — Cosilt — Consorzio per lo sviluppo economico locale di Tolmezzo v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-514/23, Tiberis Holding: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 8 August 2023 — Tiberis Holding Srl v Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpA and Others Case C-413/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Supremo Tribunal Administrativo (Portugal) lodged on 21 June 2022 — Vapo Atlantic, S.A. v Entidade Nacional Para o Setor Energético E.P.E., Fundo de Eficiência Energética, Fundo Ambiental article 3 paragraph 4 article 18 paragraph 3 article 18 Case C-624/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Conseil d’État (France) lodged on 30 September 2022 — Société BP France v Ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique article 17 paragraph 1 point (a) article 17 article 18 article 17 paragraph 1 point (b) article 17 paragraph 1 point (c) Case C-512/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 3 July 2019 — Go Sun Srl, Malby Energy 4 Srl v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Others Case C-459/23, E.: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Najwyższy (Poland) lodged on 21 July 2023 — E. S.A v W. sp. z o.o. and Bank S.A. article 2 point (k) article 2 point (l) Case C-705/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato (Italy) lodged on 23 September 2019 — Axpo Trading Ag v Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Case C-220/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) lodged on 11 March 2019 — Promociones Oliva Park, S.L. v Tribunal Económico Administrativo Regional (TEAR) de la Comunidad Valenciana article 2 point (k) article 3 paragraph 3 point (a) article 3 paragraph 1 article 1 article 3 paragraph 2 Cases C-818/19 and C-878/19: Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Varhoven kasatsionen sad (Bulgaria) and the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 6 November 2019 and 3 December 2019 — Marvik-Pastrogor EOOD and RODES-08 EOOD article 3 paragraph 3 unnumbered paragraph 1 point (a) Case C-608/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio (Italy) lodged on 17 November 2020 — Interporto di Trieste SpA v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, Gestore dei Servizi Energetici SpA — GSE Legal basis Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) Part Three - Community policies TITLE VI - Common rules on competition, taxation and approximation of laws Chapter 3 - Approximation of laws Article 95 Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) Part Five - Institutions of the Community TITLE I - Provisions governing the institutions Chapter 2 - Provisions common to several institutions Article 251 Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) Part Three - Community policies TITLE XIX - Environment Article 175 EuroVoc Vocabulary EU programme Space, environment and natural resources Environment Cultural promotion Energy consumption Reduction of gas emissions Air quality Renewable energy Greenhouse gas Energy