Directive 2008/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers and repealing Council Directive 87/102/EEC Basic information Dates Date of document: Date of publication: Date of effect: June 11, 2008 Entry into force - Date pub. +20 See Art 31 Date of transposition: June 11, 2010 At the latest See Art 27.1 Modified by Corrected by: Modified by: All documents based on this document: Repealed by: Modifies Repeal: Implicit repeal: Affected by case Judgment of the Court (Tenth Chamber) of 12 October 2023. Z. sp. z o.o. v A. S.A. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla m.st. Warszawy w Warszawie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Credit agreements for consumers – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 16(1) – Contractual rights and obligations – Early repayment – Reduction in the total cost of the credit for consumers – Loss of a copy of the agreement – Right to obtain a duplicate of the agreement from the creditor. Case C-326/22. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 March 2020. Mikrokasa S.A. w Gdyni and Revenue Niestandaryzowany Sekurytyzacyjny Fundusz Inwestycyjny Zamknięty w Warszawie v XO. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Siemianowicach Śląskich. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Credit agreements for consumers — Directive 2008/48/EC — Article 3(g), Article 10(2) and Article 22(1) — Level of harmonisation — Concept of ‘non-interest credit costs’ — Directive 93/13/EEC — Article 1(2) — Unfair terms in consumer contracts — Ceiling value for the total non-interest credit costs — Contractual terms reflecting mandatory statutory or regulatory provisions — Not included. Case C-779/18. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 7 November 2019. Profi Credit Polska S.A. v Bogumiła Włostowska and Others and Profi Credit Polska S.A. v OH. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy Pragi-Południe w Warszawie and Sąd Okręgowy w Opolu, II Wydział Cywilny Odwoławczy. References for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 93/13/EEC — Article 3(1) — Article 6(1) — Article 7(1) — Directive 2008/48/EC — Article 10(2) — Credit agreements for consumers — Lawfulness of securing the debt arising under the agreement by means of a blank promissory note — Demand for payment of the debt owed under the promissory note — Scope of the court’s powers and obligations. Joined Cases C-419/18 and C-483/18. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 8 December 2016. Verein für Konsumenteninformation v INKO, Inkasso GmbH. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Directive 2008/48/EC — Consumer protection — Consumer credit — Article 2(2)(j) — Rescheduling agreements — Deferred payment, free of charge — Article 3(f) — Credit intermediaries — Debt recovery companies acting on behalf of lenders. Case C-127/15. A05 A02P2LJ A07 A06 A03LF Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 5 March 2020. OPR-Finance s.r.o. v GK. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresní soud v Ostravě. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 2008/48/EC — Credit agreements for consumers — Article 8 — Creditor’s obligation to assess the consumer’s creditworthiness — National rules — Whether limitation may be invoked against the objection of nullity of the agreement raised by the consumer — Article 23 — Penalties — Effective, proportionate and dissuasive nature — National court — Examination by the court of its own motion as to whether that obligation has been complied with. Case C-679/18. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 12 October 2016. Renata Horžić and Siniša Pušić v Privredna banka Zagreb and Božo Prka. References for a preliminary ruling from the Prekršajni Sud u Bjelovaru. References for a preliminary ruling — Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice — Agreements concerning credit for consumers — Directive 2008/48/EC — Credit agreement for immovable property — Variable interest rates — Obligations on the creditor — National legislation applicable to agreements existing at the date on which that legislation comes into force — Inapplicability of Directive 2008/48. Joined Cases C-511/15 and C-512/15. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 22 April 2021. LH v Profi Credit Slovakia s.r.o. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Prešove. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 2008/48/EC – Credit agreements for consumers – Directive 93/13/EEC – Unfair contract terms – Payment made under an unlawful term – Unjust enrichment of the lender – Right to restitution time-barred – Principles of Union law – Principle of effectiveness – Article 10(2) of Directive 2008/48 – Information to be included in a credit agreement – Elimination of certain national requirements on the basis of the case-law of the Court – Interpretation of the old version of the national legislation in accordance with that case-law – Temporal effects. Case C-485/19. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 16 July 2020. SIA “Soho Group” v Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības centrs. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Augstākā tiesa (Senāts). Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Credit agreements for consumers – Directive 2008/48/EC – Concept of ‘total cost of the credit to the consumer’ – Costs for extending the credit. Case C-686/19. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 21 April 2016. Ernst Georg Radlinger and Helena Radlingerová v Finway a.s. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský soud v Praze. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Directive 93/13/EEC — Article 7 — National rules governing insolvency proceedings — Debts arising from a consumer credit agreement — Effective judicial remedy — Point 1(e) of the annex — Disproportionate amount of compensation — Directive 2008/48/EC — Article 3(l) — Total amount of credit — Point I of Annex I — Amount of drawdown — Calculation of the annual percentage rate — Article 10(2) — Obligation to provide information — Ex officio examination — Penalty. Case C-377/14. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 12 July 2012. SC Volksbank România SA v Autoritatea Naţională pentru Protecţia Consumatorilor — Comisariatul Judeţean pentru Protecţia Consumatorilor Călăraşi (CJPC). Reference for a preliminary ruling from the Judecătoria Călăraşi. Consumer protection — Credit agreements for consumers — Directive 2008/48/EC — Articles 22, 24 and 30 — National legislation designed to transpose that directive — Applicability to agreements not included in the material and temporal scope of the directive — Obligations not provided for by the directive — Limitation on the bank charges capable of being levied by the creditor — Articles 56 TFEU, 58 TFEU and 63 TFEU — Obligation to put in place, in national law, adequate and effective out-of-court dispute resolution procedures. Case C‑602/10. A02P2LA A22P1 A30P1 A24P1 Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 5 September 2019. TE v Pohotovosť s.r.o. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Prešove. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Directive 2008/48/EC — Consumer protection — Consumer credit — Article 10(2)(h) and (i) and Article 10(3) — Information to be included in the agreement — National legislation laying down an obligation to specify for each payment the distribution between the repayment of capital, interest and charges. Case C-331/18. A10P2 A10P2LI A10P2LJ A22P1 A22P1 A10P2LH A10P2LG Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 9 September 2021. UK and Others v Volkswagen Bank GmbH and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 2008/48/EC – Consumer credit – Article 10(2) – Information which must be included in the agreement – Obligation to specify the type of credit, the duration of the credit agreement, the rate of late-payment interest and the arrangements for adjusting the rate of late-payment interest applicable at the time of conclusion of the credit agreement – Change in the rate of late-payment interest in step with a change in the base rate set by the central bank of a Member State – Compensation payable in the event of early repayment – Obligation to specify the method used to calculate the change in the rate of late-payment interest and the compensation payable – No obligation to state the options for terminating the credit agreement provided for in national legislation but not provided for in Directive 2008/48 – Article 14(1) – Right of withdrawal exercised by the consumer for failure to include mandatory information under Article 10(2) – Exercised out of time – Creditor precluded from relying on a time bar or abuse of rights. Joined Cases C-33/20, C-155/20 and C-187/20. A10P2LT A14P1 A10P2LE A10P2LR A03LN A10P2LA A10P2L Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 18 December 2014. CA Consumer Finance SA v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance d’Orléans. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Consumer credit — Directive 2008/48/EC — Pre-contractual information duties — Obligation to check the borrower’s creditworthiness — Burden of proof — Methods of proof. Case C‑449/13. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 9 November 2016. Home Credit Slovakia a.s. v Klára Bíróová. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresný súd Dunajská Streda. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Directive 2008/48/EC — Consumer protection — Consumer credit — Article 1, Article 3(m), Article 10(1) and (2), Article 22(1) and Article 23 — Interpretation of the expressions ‘on paper’ and ‘on another durable medium’ — Contract referring to another document — Requirement for the agreement to be in ‘written form’ within the meaning of national law — Indication of information required by reference to objective criteria — Information to be included in a fixed-term credit agreement — Effect of failure to include mandatory information — Proportionality. Case C-42/15. A10P2 A10P2LH A10P2LI A23 A10P1 Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 11 January 2024. Nárokuj s.r.o. v EC Financial Services, a.s. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresní soud Praha-západ. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 2008/48/EC – Credit agreements for consumers – Article 8 – Obligation of a creditor to check a consumer’s creditworthiness – Regularisation of a breach due to full performance of the credit agreement – Article 23 – Effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties – Credit agreement void and creditor’s entitlement to payment of the agreed interest forfeited – No harmful consequences for the consumer – Holding creditors accountable and preventing irresponsible practices when granting credit to consumers. Case C-755/22. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 14 April 2021. BNP Paribas Personal Finance SA Paris v T.G.M. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okrazhen sad - Razgrad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Consumer protection – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 10 – Information to be included in consumer credit agreements – Article 22 – Level of harmonisation – National measure requiring credit institutions to present all components of a consumer credit agreement using the same font type, the same font format and the same font size. Case C-535/20. Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2023. VK and Others v BMW Bank GmbH and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Leasing agreement for a motor vehicle without an obligation to purchase – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 2(2)(d) – Concept of a leasing agreement without an obligation to purchase the object of the agreement – Directive 2002/65/EC – Article 1(1) and Article 2(b) – Concept of a contract for financial services – Directive 2011/83/EU – Article 2(6) and Article 3(1) – Concept of a service contract – Article 2(7) – Contract of a distance contract – Article 2(8) – Concept of an off-premises contract – Article 16(l) – Exception from the right of withdrawal in respect of the provision of car rental services – Credit agreement for the purchase of a motor vehicle – Directive 2008/48 – Article 10(2) – Requirements relating to the information that must be stated in the agreement – Presumption of compliance with the obligation to provide information in the case of use of a statutory information model – Absence of horizontal direct effect of a directive – Article 14(1) – Right of withdrawal – Start of the withdrawal period in the event of incomplete or incorrect information – Abusive nature of the exercise of the right of withdrawal – Time-barring of the right of withdrawal – Obligation to return the vehicle in advance in the event of exercise of the right of withdrawal in respect of a linked credit agreement. Joined Cases C-38/21, C-47/21 and C-232/21. Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), 27 March 2014. LCL Le Crédit Lyonnais SA v Fesih Kalhan. Request for a preliminary ruling from the tribunal d’instance d’Orléans. Consumer protection — Credit agreements for consumers — Directive 2008/48/EC — Articles 8 and 23 — Creditor’s obligation to assess the borrower’s creditworthiness prior to conclusion of the agreement — National provision imposing the obligation to consult a database — Forfeiture of entitlement to contractual interest in the event of failure to comply with that obligation — Effective, proportionate and dissuasive nature of the penalty. Case C‑565/12. Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 21 March 2024. S.R.G. v Profi Credit Bulgaria EOOD. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Consumer credit agreements – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 3(g), Article 10(2)(g) and Article 23 – Total cost of the credit to the consumer – No indication of the relevant costs – Penalty – Directive 93/13/EEC – Unfair terms in consumer contracts – Article 3(1), Article 4(2), Article 6(1) and Article 7(1) – Point 1(o) of the annex to Directive 93/13/EEC – Services ancillary to a credit agreement – Terms giving priority to the examination of the credit application of a consumer purchasing those services and to the making available of the sum borrowed as well as providing that consumer with the option of deferring or rescheduling the monthly loan instalments, in return for payment of additional costs. Case C-714/22. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 2 May 2019. Pillar Securitisation Sàrl v Hildur Arnadottir. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation (Luxembourg). Reference for a preliminary ruling — Jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters — Lugano II Convention — Article 15 — Contract concluded by a consumer — Relationship with Directive 2008/48/EC — Consumer credit agreements — Articles 2 and 3 — Concepts of ‘consumer’ and of ‘transactions covered by the directive’ — Maximum amount of credit — Irrelevant for the purposes of Article 15 of the Lugano II Convention. Case C-694/17. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 3 September 2020. Profi Credit Polska S.A. and Others v QJ and Others. Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy Szczecin – Prawobrzeże i Zachód w Szczecinie and the Sąd Rejonowy w Opatowie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 1(2) – Scope – National provision providing for the maximum amount of non-interest credit costs – Article 3(1) – Contractual term passing on to the consumer costs of the lender’s business activity – Significant imbalance between the rights and obligations of the parties – Article 4(2) – Obligation to draft contract terms in plain intelligible language – Contractual terms which do not specify the services for which remuneration is sought – Directive 2008/48/EC – Article 3(g) – National legislation laying down a method of calculating the maximum non-interest credit cost which may be charged to the consumer. Joined Cases C-84/19, C-222/19 and C-252/19. Order of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 25 March 2021. Banco Santander, SA v YC. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Audiencia Provincial de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 53(2) and Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Consumer protection – Consumer credit – Directives 87/102/EEC and 2008/48/EC – Scope – National legislation intended to combat usury – Freedom to provide services. Case C-503/20. Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 9 March 2023. Sogefinancement SAS v RW and UV. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d'appel de Paris. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Consumer protection – Directive 2008/48/EC – Credit agreements for consumers – Scope – Right of withdrawal – Article 14(7) – National provisions establishing a period of time during which the performance of the contract may not begin – National procedural rules governing how the national courts raise of their own motion and penalise breaches of those provisions – Article 23 – Effective, proportionate and dissuasive sanctions. Case C-50/22. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 11 September 2019. Lexitor Sp. z o.o v Spółdzielcza Kasa Oszczędnościowo - Kredytowa im. Franciszka Stefczyka and Others. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy Lublin-Wschód w Lublinie z siedzibą w Świdniku. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Credit agreements for consumers — Directive 2008/48/EC — Article 16(1) — Early repayment — Right of the consumer to a reduction in the total cost of the credit, consisting of the interest and the costs for the remaining duration of the contract. Case C-383/18. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 19 December 2019. RN v Home Credit Slovakia a.s. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 2008/48/EC — Consumer credit agreements — Article 10(2) — Information to be included in credit agreements — Annual percentage rate of charge — Lack of indication of the exact percentage of that rate of charge — Rate of charge expressed as a range between 21.5% and 22.4%. Case C-290/19. Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 6 June 2019. Michel Schyns v Belfius Banque SA. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Justice de Paix du canton de Visé. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 2008/48/EC — Pre-contractual obligations — Article 5(6) — Obligation on the creditor to seek to establish the credit most suitable — Article 8(1) — Obligation on the creditor to refrain from concluding the loan agreement if there are doubts over the creditworthiness of the consumer — Obligation on the creditor to assess the expediency of the credit. Case C-58/18. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 10 June 2021. Ultimo Portfolio Investment (Luxembourg) S.A. v KM. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Opatowie. Reference for a preliminary ruling – Credit agreements for consumers – Directive 2008/48/EC – Risk of over-indebtedness – Article 8 – Creditor’s obligation to assess the consumer’s creditworthiness – Article 23 – Effective, proportionate and dissuasive nature of the penalty in the event of infringement of that obligation. Case C-303/20. Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 26 March 2020. JC v Kreissparkasse Saarlouis. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Saarbrücken. Reference for a preliminary ruling — Consumer protection — Directive 2008/48/EC — Credit agreements for consumers — Right of withdrawal — Time limit for the exercise of that right — Requirements concerning the information to be included in a credit agreement — Information notice merely referring to a series of national provisions. Case C-66/19. Case C-782/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance Épinal (France) lodged on 13 December 2018 — Cofidis v YP article 10 article 15 article 13 article 18 article 14 article 11 article 16 article 12 article 17 article 8 Case C-617/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 6 October 2021 — RU, PO v Nissan Leasing, Volkswagen Leasing GmbH Case C-47/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 28 January 2021 — F.F., B.A. v C. Bank AG, Bank D.K. AG article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (t) article 14 paragraph 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 2 article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 2 point (b) Case C-715/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Ravensburg Regional Court (Germany) lodged on 23 November 2022 — QR v Mercedes-Benz Bank AG article 10 paragraph 2 article 14 paragraph 1 Case C-76/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy-Woli w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 5 February 2022 — QI v Santander Bank Polska S.A. Case C-176/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Siemianowicach Śląskich (Poland) lodged on 6 April 2017 — Profi Credit Polska S.A., established in Bielsko-Biała v Mariusz Wawrzosek article 17 paragraph 1 article 22 paragraph 1 Case C-63/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance de Limoges (France) lodged on 6 February 2017 — Banque Solfea SA v Jean-François Veitl Case C-311/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Korkein oikeus (Finland) lodged on 25 June 2015 — TrustBuddy AB v Lauri Pihjalaniemi Case C-331/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský sud v Prešove (Slovakia) lodged on 22 May 2018 — TE v Pohotovost’ s.r.o. article 10 paragraph 2 point (j) Case C-143/23, Mercedes-Benz Bank and Volkswagen Bank: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 9 March 2023 — TJ, KI, FA v Mercedes-Benz Bank AG, Volkswagen Bank GmbH article 14 paragraph 3 point (b) sentence 1 article 14 paragraph 1 Case C-127/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberster Gerichtshof (Austria) lodged on 12 March 2015 — Verein für Konsumenteninformation v INKO, Inkasso GmbH article 2 paragraph 2 point (j) article 3 point (f) Case C-512/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Prekršajni Sud u Bjelovaru (Croatia) lodged on 25 September 2015 — Siniša Pušić v Privredna banka Zagreb, Božo Prka Case C-616/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance d’Épinal (France) lodged on 1 October 2018 — Cofidis SA v YU, ZT Case C-12/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresný súd Prešov (Slovakia) lodged on 6 January 2022 — UR v 365.bank a.s. article 10 paragraph 2 point (a) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (c) Case C-339/23, Horyzont: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Siemianowicach Śląskich (Poland) lodged on 30 May 2023 — Horyzont Niestandaryzowany Sekurytyzacyjny Fundusz Inwestycyjny Zamknięty v LC article 10 article 23 article 8 Case C-632/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Siemianowicach Śląskich (Poland) lodged on 9 November 2017 — Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności (PKO) Bank Polski S.A. v Jacek Michalski article 22 paragraph 1 article 10 Case C-489/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 6 August 2021 — Banka DSK EAD v M. V. article 3 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 22 paragraph 4 article 10 paragraph 2 point (f) Case C-426/23, Financial Bulgaria: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 11 July 2023 — D. D., B. Zh. v ‘Financial Bulgaria’ EOOD article 15 paragraph 2 article 3 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 23 sentence 2 Case C-50/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour d’appel de Paris (France) lodged on 25 January 2022 — SOGEFINANCEMENT v RW, UV Case C-42/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresný súd Dunajská Streda (Slovakia) lodged on 2 February 2015 — Home Credit Slovakia a.s. v Klára Bíróová article 10 paragraph 2 article 1 article 3 point (m) article 10 paragraph 1 Case C-618/17: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance de Limoges (France) lodged on 30 October 2017 — BNP Paribas Personal Finance SA v Roger Ducloux, Josée Ducloux, née Lecay Case C-38/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 22 January 2021 — VK v BMW Bank GmbH article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 2 point (b) article 10 paragraph 2 point (t) article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) article 14 paragraph 1 article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) Case C-679/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresní soud v Ostravě (Czech Republic) lodged on 5 November 2018 — OPR-Finance s.r.o. v GK Case C-511/15: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Prekršajni Sud u Bjelovaru (Croatia) lodged on 25 September 2015 — Renata Horžić v Privredna banka Zagreb, Božo Prka Case C-779/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Siemianowicach Śląskich (Poland) lodged on 12 December 2018 — Mikrokasa SA, Gdynia, and Revenue Niestandaryzowany Sekurytyzacyjny Fundusz Inwestycyjny Zamknięty, Warsaw v XO article 10 paragraph 1 article 22 paragraph 1 article 3 point (g) Case C-598/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Prešove (Slovakia) lodged on 28 September 2021 — SP, CI v Všeobecná úverová banka, a.s. article 2 paragraph 2 point (a) recital 10 Case C-485/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Prešove (Slovakia) lodged on 25 June 2019 — LH v PROFI CREDIT Slovakia s.r.o. article 10 paragraph 2 point (h) article 10 paragraph 2 point (i) Case C-180/24, Santander Consumer Bank: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Poznaniu (Poland) lodged on 6 March 2024 – Santander Consumer Bank S.A. v EN Case C-630/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart (Germany) lodged on 13 October 2021 — O.K. v Mercedes-Benz Bank AG article 14 paragraph 3 article 14 paragraph 1 article 14 Case C-944/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Augstākā tiesa (Senāts) (Latvia) lodged on 27 December 2019 — AS ‘4finance’ v Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības centrs Case C-943/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Augstākā tiesa (Senāts) (Latvia) lodged on 27 December 2019 — SIA ‘ONDO’ v Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības centrs Case C-409/23, Arvato Finance: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Netherlands) lodged on 4 July 2023 — Arvato Finance BV v MI article 3 point (g) article 2 paragraph 2 point (f) Case C-686/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Augstākā tiesa (Senāts) (Latvia) lodged on 18 September 2019 — ‘Soho Group’ SIA v Patērētāju tiesību aizsardzības centrs Case C-277/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Općinski sud u Zadru (Croatia) lodged on 2 April 2019 — R. D., A. D. v Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg eGen Case C-80/24, Zwrotybankowe.pl: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy – Śródmieścia w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 1 February 2024 – Zwrotybankowe.pl sp. z o.o. v Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski S.A. Case C-755/22, Nárokuj: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresní soud Praha-západ (Czech Republic) lodged on 13 December 2022 — Nárokuj s.r.o. v EC Financial Services, a.s. Case C-472/23, L.: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla m.st. Warszawy w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 25 July 2023 — L. sp. z o.o. v A.B.S.A. recital 8 recital 9 recital 47 recital 6 article 23 article 10 paragraph 2 point (k) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) recital 31 Case C-33/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 23 January 2020 — UK v Volkswagen Bank GmbH article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) article 10 paragraph 2 point (s) Case C-229/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 29 May 2020 — P v ‘K’ EOOD article 3 point (g) article 22 paragraph 4 article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) Case C-337/23, APS Beta Bulgaria and Agentsia za kontrol na prosrocheni zadalzhenia: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 29 May 2023 — ‘APS beta Bulgaria’ EOOD and ‘Agentsia za kontrol na prosrocheni zadalzhenia’ AD article 23 sentence 2 article 15 paragraph 2 article 3 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) Case C-232/21: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 12 April 2021 — CR, AY, ML, BQ v Volkswagen Bank GmbH, Audi Bank article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 2 point (b) article 14 paragraph 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) Case C-155/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 31 March 2020 — RT, SV, BC v Volkswagen Bank GmbH, Skoda Bank, a branch of Volkswagen Bank GmbH article 10 paragraph 2 article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) article 14 paragraph 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (s) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) Case C-678/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Krakowa — Podgórza w Krakowie (Poland) lodged on 3 November 2022 — Profi Credit Polska S.A. v G.N. article 3 point (j) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (f) Case C-303/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Opatowie (Poland) lodged on 8 July 2020 — Ultimo Portfolio Investment (Luxembourg) S.A. v KM article 8 paragraph 1 article 23 Case C-904/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy-Woli in Warsaw (Poland) lodged on 10 December 2019 — E. Sp. z o.o. v K.S. article 10 paragraph 1 recital 31 article 10 paragraph 2 Case C-88/24: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Juzgado de Primera Instancia n.º 1 de Fuenlabrada (Spain) lodged on 2 February 2024 – A.B.D. v Bankinter Consumer Finance, E.F.C., SA Case C-865/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal d’instance de Rennes (France) lodged on 27 November 2019 — Caisse de Crédit Mutuel Le Mans Pontlieue v OG Case C-252/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy w Opatowie (Poland) lodged on 20 March 2019 — QL S.A. in B. v C.G. article 3 point (g) article 22 paragraph 1 Case C-58/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Justice de Paix du canton de Visé (Belgium) lodged on 30 January 2018 — Michel Schyns v Belfius Banque SA Case C-483/16: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Fővárosi Törvényszék (Hungary) lodged on 6 September 2016 — Zsolt Sziber v ERSTE Bank Hungary Zrt. Case C-419/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Warszawy Pragi-Południe w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 26 June 2018 — Profi Credit Polska S.A., whose seat is in Bielsko-Biała, v Bogumiła Włostowska, Mariusz Kurpiewski, Kamil Wójcik, Michał Konarzewski, Elżbieta Kondracka-Kłębecka, Monika Karwowska, Stanisław Kowalski, Anna Trusik, Adam Lizoń, Włodzimierz Lisowski article 17 paragraph 1 article 10 article 14 article 19 Case C-714/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 22 November 2022 — S.R.G. v Profi Credit Bulgaria EOOD article 23 article 3 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) Case C-71/24, Alior Bank: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Krakowie (Poland) lodged on 30 January 2024 – Alior Bank S.A. v J.D. article 10 paragraph 2 point (f) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 3 point (j) Case C-290/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Trnave (Slovakia) lodged on 9 April 2019 — RN v Home Credit Slovakia a.s. article 10 paragraph 1 point (g) Case C-66/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Saarbrücken (Germany) lodged on 29 January 2019 — JC v Kreissparkasse Saarlouis article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) Case C-383/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy Lublin-Wschód w Lublinie z siedzibą w Świdniku (Poland) lodged on 11 June 2018 — Lexitor Sp. z o.o. v Spółdzielcza Kasa Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowa im. Franciszka Stefczyka, having its registered office in Gdynia, Santander Consumer Bank S.A., having its registered office in Wrocław, mBank S.A., having its registered office in Warsaw article 3 point (g) article 16 paragraph 1 Case C-677/23, Slovenská sporiteľňa: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Krajský súd v Prešove (Slovakia) lodged on 14 November 2023 — A.B. and F.B. v Slovenská sporiteľňa, a.s. article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (c) Case C-209/19: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Saarbrücken (Germany) lodged on 5 March 2019 — SM v Sparkasse Saarbrücken article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) Case C-187/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 28 April 2020 — JL v BMW Bank GmbH, DT v Volkswagen Bank GmbH article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 article 14 paragraph 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (t) article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 2 article 10 paragraph 2 point (a) article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) article 10 paragraph 2 point (s) article 10 paragraph 2 point (d) Case C-326/22: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla m.st. Warszawy w Warszawie (Poland) lodged on 13 May 2022 — Z. sp. z o.o. v A. S.A. Case C-336/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Landgericht Ravensburg (Germany) lodged on 24 July 2020 — QY v Bank 11 für Privatkunden und Handel GmbH article 14 paragraph 1 sentence 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (l) article 10 paragraph 2 article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) article 10 paragraph 2 point (t) article 14 paragraph 1 article 10 paragraph 2 point (a) article 14 paragraph 1 point (b) sentence 2 Case C-689/20: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sofiyski rayonen sad (Bulgaria) lodged on 18 December 2020 — ‘Banka DSK’ EAD v RP article 22 paragraph 4 article 10 paragraph 2 point (f) article 3 point (g) article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) Case C-483/18: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Okręgowy w Opolu (Poland) lodged on 24 July 2018 — Profi Credit Polska S.A., whose seat is in Bielsko-Biała, v OH Case C-566/24, Helpfind Recovery: Request for a preliminary ruling from the Sąd Rejonowy dla Łodzi-Śródmieścia w Łodzi (Poland) lodged on 21 August 2024 – Helpfind Recovery sp. z o.o. v Santander Bank Polska S.A. article 14 paragraph 1 point (b) article 3 point (j) article 3 point (l) article 10 paragraph 2 point (r) article 10 paragraph 2 point (f) article 23 article 10 paragraph 2 point (g) annex I article 10 paragraph 2 point (p) Legal basis Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) Part Five - Institutions of the Community TITLE I - Provisions governing the institutions Chapter 2 - Provisions common to several institutions Article 251 Treaty establishing the European Community (consolidated version) Part Three - Community policies TITLE VI - Common rules on competition, taxation and approximation of laws Chapter 3 - Approximation of laws Article 95 EuroVoc Vocabulary Products from third countries Approximation of laws Consumer protection Consumer information Approximation of laws Contract Consumer credit Protection of economic interests