Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC (Text with EEA relevance)
Modified by
- Directive 2004/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 27 October 2004amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in respect of the Kyoto Protocol's project mechanisms(Text with EEA relevance), 32004L0101, November 13, 2004
- Directive 2008/101/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 19 November 2008amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to include aviation activities in the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community(Text with EEA relevance), 32008L0101, January 13, 2009
- Regulation (EC) No 219/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 11 March 2009adapting a number of instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the Treaty to Council Decision 1999/468/EC with regard to the regulatory procedure with scrutinyAdaptation to the regulatory procedure with scrutiny — Part Two, 32009R0219, March 31, 2009
- Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 23 April 2009amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance trading scheme of the Community(Text with EEA relevance), 32009L0029, June 5, 2009
- Treatybetweenthe Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(Member States of the European Union)andthe Republic of Croatiaconcerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia to the European Union, 12012J/ACT, April 24, 2012
- Decision No 1359/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 17 December 2013amending Directive 2003/87/EC clarifying provisions on the timing of auctions of greenhouse gas allowances(Text with EEA relevance), 32013D1359, December 19, 2013
- Regulation (EU) No 421/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 16 April 2014amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in view of the implementation by 2020 of an international agreement applying a single global market-based measure to international aviation emissions(Text with EEA relevance)Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) No 421/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in view of the implementation by 2020 of an international agreement applying a single global market-based measure to international aviation emissions(Official Journal of the European Union L 129 of 30 April 2014), 32014R042132014R0421R(01), April 30, 2014
- Decision (EU) 2015/1814 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 6 October 2015concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading scheme and amending Directive 2003/87/EC(Text with EEA relevance), 32015D1814, October 9, 2015
- Regulation (EU) 2017/2392 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 13 December 2017amending Directive 2003/87/EC to continue current limitations of scope for aviation activities and to prepare to implement a global market-based measure from 2021, 32017R2392, December 29, 2017
- Directive (EU) 2018/410 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 14 March 2018amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and low-carbon investments, and Decision (EU) 2015/1814(Text with EEA relevance), 32018L0410, March 19, 2018
- Commission Delegated Decision (EU) 2020/1071of 18 May 2020amending Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards the exclusion of incoming flights from Switzerland from the EU emissions trading system(Text with EEA relevance), 32020D1071, July 21, 2020
- Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2021/1416of 17 June 2021amending Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the exclusion of incoming flights from the United Kingdom from the Union emissions trading system(Text with EEA relevance), 32021R1416, August 31, 2021
- Decision (EU) 2023/136 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 18 January 2023amending Directive 2003/87/EC as regards the notification of offsetting in respect of a global market-based measure for aircraft operators based in the Union(Text with EEA relevance), 32023D0136, January 20, 2023
- Regulation (EU) 2023/435 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 27 February 2023amending Regulation (EU) 2021/241 as regards REPowerEU chapters in recovery and resilience plans and amending Regulations (EU) No 1303/2013, (EU) 2021/1060 and (EU) 2021/1755, and Directive 2003/87/EC, 32023R0435, February 28, 2023
- Directive (EU) 2023/958 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 10 May 2023amending Directive 2003/87/EC as regards aviation’s contribution to the Union’s economy-wide emission reduction target and the appropriate implementation of a global market-based measure(Text with EEA relevance), 32023L0958, May 16, 2023
- Directive (EU) 2023/959 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 10 May 2023amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Union and Decision (EU) 2015/1814 concerning the establishment and operation of a market stability reserve for the Union greenhouse gas emission trading system(Text with EEA relevance), 32023L0959, May 16, 2023
- Regulation (EU) 2024/795 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 29 February 2024establishing the Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP), and amending Directive 2003/87/EC and Regulations (EU) 2021/1058, (EU) 2021/1056, (EU) 2021/1057, (EU) No 1303/2013, (EU) No 223/2014, (EU) 2021/1060, (EU) 2021/523, (EU) 2021/695, (EU) 2021/697 and (EU) 2021/241, 32024R0795, February 29, 2024
Corrected by
- Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) No 421/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community, in view of the implementation by 2020 of an international agreement applying a single global market-based measure to international aviation emissions, 32014R0421R(01), May 14, 2014
(a) "allowance" means an allowance to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent during a specified period, which shall be valid only for the purposes of meeting the requirements of this Directive and shall be transferable in accordance with the provisions of this Directive; (b) "emissions" means the release of greenhouse gases from sources in an installation or the release from an aircraft performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I or from ships performing a maritime transport activity listed in Annex I of the gases specified in respect of that activity, or the release of greenhouse gases corresponding to the activity referred to in Annex III; (c) "greenhouse gases" means the gases listed in Annex II and other gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation; (d) "greenhouse gas emissions permit" means the permit issued in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 30b; (e) "installation" means a stationary technical unit where one or more activities listed in Annex I are carried out and any other directly associated activities which have a technical connection with the activities carried out on that site and which could have an effect on emissions and pollution; (f) "operator" means any person who operates or controls an installation or, where this is provided for in national legislation, to whom decisive economic power over the technical functioning of the installation has been delegated; (g) "person" means any natural or legal person; (h) "new entrant" means any installation carrying out one or more of the activities listed in Annex I, which has obtained a greenhouse gas emissions permit for the first time within the period starting from three months before the date for submission of the list under Article 11(1), and ending three months before the date for the submission of the subsequent list under that Article; (i) "the public" means one or more persons and, in accordance with national legislation or practice, associations, organisations or groups of persons; (j) "tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent" means one metric tonne of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or an amount of any other greenhouse gas listed in Annex II with an equivalent global-warming potential;(k) "Annex I Party" means a Party listed in Annex I to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has ratified the Kyoto Protocol as specified in Article 1(7) of the Kyoto Protocol; (l) "project activity" means a project activity approved by one or more Annex I Parties in accordance with Article 6 or Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and the decisions adopted pursuant to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol; (m) "emission reduction unit" or "ERU" means a unit issued pursuant to Article 6 of the Kyoto Protocol and the decisions adopted pursuant to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol; (n) "certified emission reduction" or "CER" means a unit issued pursuant to Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol and the decisions adopted pursuant to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol; (o) "aircraft operator" means the person who operates an aircraft at the time it performs an aviation activity listed in Annex I or, where that person is not known or is not identified by the owner of the aircraft, the owner of the aircraft; (p) "commercial air transport operator" means an operator that, for remuneration, provides scheduled or non-scheduled air transport services to the public for the carriage of passengers, freight or mail; (q) "administering Member State" means the Member State responsible for administering the EU ETS in respect of an aircraft operator in accordance with Article 18a; (r) "attributed aviation emissions" means emissions from all flights falling within the aviation activities listed in Annex I which depart from an aerodrome situated in the territory of a Member State and those which arrive in such an aerodrome from a third country; (s) "historical aviation emissions" means the mean average of the annual emissions in the calendar years 2004, 2005 and 2006 from aircraft performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I; (t) "combustion" means any oxidation of fuels, regardless of the way in which the heat, electrical or mechanical energy produced by this process is used, and any other directly associated activities, including waste gas scrubbing; (u) "electricity generator" means an installation that, on or after 1 January 2005 , has produced electricity for sale to third parties, and in which no activity listed in Annex I is carried out other than the "combustion of fuels".(v) "non-CO 2 aviation effects" means the effects on the climate of the release, during fuel combustion, of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), soot particles, oxidised sulphur species, and effects from water vapour, including contrails, from an aircraft performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I;(w) "shipping company" means the shipowner or any other organisation or person, such as the manager or the bareboat charterer, that has assumed the responsibility for the operation of the ship from the shipowner and that, on assuming such responsibility, has agreed to take over all the duties and responsibilities imposed by the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, set out in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on the implementation of the International Safety Management Code within the Community and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 3051/95 (OJ L 64, 4.3.2006, p. 1 ).(x) "voyage" means a voyage as defined in Article 3, point (c), of Regulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport, and amending Directive 2009/16/EC (OJ L 123, 19.5.2015, p. 55 ).(y) "administering authority in respect of a shipping company" means the authority responsible for administering the EU ETS in respect of a shipping company in accordance with Article 3gf; (z) "port of call" means the port where a ship stops to load or unload cargo or to embark or disembark passengers, or the port where an offshore ship stops to relieve the crew; stops for the sole purposes of refuelling, obtaining supplies, relieving the crew of a ship other than an offshore ship, going into dry-dock or making repairs to the ship, its equipment, or both, stops in port because the ship is in need of assistance or in distress, ship-to-ship transfers carried out outside ports, stops for the sole purpose of taking shelter from adverse weather or rendered necessary by search and rescue activities, and stops of containerships in a neighbouring container transhipment port listed in the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 3ga(2) are excluded; (aa) "cruise passenger ship" means a passenger ship that has no cargo deck and is designed exclusively for commercial transportation of passengers in overnight accommodation on a sea voyage; (ab) "contract for difference" or "CD" means a contract between the Commission and the producer, selected through a competitive bidding mechanism such as an auction, of a low- or zero-carbon product, and under which the producer is provided with support from the Innovation Fund covering the difference between the winning price, also known as the strike price, on the one hand, and a reference price derived from the price of the low- or zero-carbon product produced, the market price of a close substitute, or a combination of those two prices, on the other hand; (ac) "carbon contract for difference" or "CCD" means a contract between the Commission and the producer, selected through a competitive bidding mechanism such as an auction, of a low- or zero-carbon product, and under which the producer is provided with support from the Innovation Fund covering the difference between the winning price, also known as the strike price, on the one hand, and a reference price derived from the average price of allowances, on the other hand; (ad) "fixed premium contract" means a contract between the Commission and the producer, selected through a competitive bidding mechanism such as an auction, of a low- or zero-carbon product, and under which the producer is provided with support in the form of a fixed amount per unit of the product produced; (ae) "regulated entity" for the purposes of Chapter IVa means any natural or legal person, except for any final consumer of the fuels, that engages in the activity referred to in Annex III and that falls within one of the following categories: (i) where the fuel passes through a tax warehouse as defined in Article 3, point (11), of Council Directive (EU) 2020/262 Council Directive (EU) 2020/262 of 19 December 2019 laying down the general arrangements for excise duty (OJ L 58, 27.2.2020, p. 4 ).(ii) if point (i) of this point is not applicable, any other person liable to pay the excise duty which has become chargeable pursuant to Article 7 of Directive (EU) 2020/262 or Article 21(5), first subparagraph, of Council Directive 2003/96/EC Council Directive 2003/96/EC of 27 October 2003 restructuring the Community framework for the taxation of energy products and electricity (OJ L 283, 31.10.2003, p. 51 ).(iii) if points (i) and (ii) of this point are not applicable, any other person that has to be registered by the relevant competent authorities of the Member State for the purpose of being liable to pay the excise duty, including any person exempt from paying the excise duty, as referred to in Article 21(5), fourth subparagraph, of Directive 2003/96/EC; (iv) if points (i), (ii) and (iii) are not applicable, or if several persons are jointly and severally liable for payment of the same excise duty, any other person designated by a Member State;
(af) "fuel" for the purposes of Chapter IVa of this Directive means any energy product referred to in Article 2(1) of Directive 2003/96/EC, including the fuels listed in Table A and Table C of Annex I to that Directive, as well as any other product intended for use, offered for sale or used as motor fuel or heating fuel as specified in Article 2(3) of that Directive, including for the production of electricity; (ag) "release for consumption" for the purposes of Chapter IVa of this Directive means release for consumption as defined in Article 6(3) of Directive (EU) 2020/262; (ah) "TTF gas price" for the purposes of Chapter IVa means the price of the gas futures month-ahead contract traded at the Title Transfer Facility (TTF) Virtual Trading Point, operated by Gasunie Transport Services B.V.; (ai) "Brent crude oil price" for the purposes of Chapter IVa means the futures month-ahead price for crude oil, used as a benchmark price for the purchase of oil.
(a) 70 % of the remaining price differential between the use of fossil kerosene and hydrogen from renewable energy sources, and advanced biofuels as defined in Article 2, second paragraph, point (34), of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 82 ).(b) 95 % of the remaining price differential between the use of fossil kerosene and renewable fuels of non-biological origin compliant with Article 25 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, used in aviation, for which the emission factor is zero under Annex IV or under the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 14 of this Directive; (c) 100 % of the remaining price differential between the use of fossil kerosene and any eligible aviation fuel that is not derived from fossil fuels covered by the first subparagraph of this paragraph, at airports situated on islands smaller than 10000 km2 and with no road or rail link with the mainland, at airports which are insufficiently large to be defined as Union airports in accordance with a regulation on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport and at airports located in an outermost region;(d) in cases other than those referred to in points (a), (b) and (c), 50 % of the remaining price differential between the use of fossil kerosene and any eligible aviation fuel that is not derived from fossil fuels covered by the first subparagraph of this paragraph.
(a) the total quantity of allowances to be allocated for that period in accordance with Article 3c; (b) the number of allowances to be auctioned in that period in accordance with Article 3d; (c) the number of allowances in the special reserve for aircraft operators in that period in accordance with Article 3f(1); (d) the number of allowances to be allocated free of charge in that period by subtracting the number of allowances referred to in points (b) and (c) from the total quantity of allowances decided upon under point (a); and (e) the benchmark to be used to allocate allowances free of charge to aircraft operators whose applications were submitted to the Commission in accordance with paragraph 2.
(a) the total allocation of allowances for the period to each aircraft operator whose application it submitted to the Commission in accordance with paragraph 2, calculated by multiplying the tonne-kilometre data included in the application by the benchmark referred to in paragraph 3(e); and (b) the allocation of allowances to each aircraft operator for each year, which shall be determined by dividing its total allocation of allowances for the period calculated under point (a) by the number of years in the period for which that aircraft operator is performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I.
(a) who start performing an aviation activity falling within Annex I after the monitoring year for which tonne-kilometre data was submitted under Article 3e(1) in respect of a period referred to in Article 3c(2); or (b) whose tonne-kilometre data increases by an average of more than 18 % annually between the monitoring year for which tonne-kilometre data was submitted under Article 3e(1) in respect of a period referred to in Article 3c(2) and the second calendar year of that period;
(a) include verified tonne-kilometre data in accordance with Annexes IV and V for the aviation activities listed in Annex I performed by the aircraft operator in the second calendar year of the period referred to in Article 3c(2) to which the application relates; (b) provide evidence that the criteria for eligibility under paragraph 1 are fulfilled; and (c) in the case of aircraft operators falling within paragraph 1(b), state: (i) the percentage increase in tonne-kilometres performed by that aircraft operator between the monitoring year for which tonne-kilometre data was submitted under Article 3e(1) in respect of a period referred to in Article 3c(2) and the second calendar year of that period; (ii) the absolute growth in tonne-kilometres performed by that aircraft operator between the monitoring year for which tonne-kilometre data was submitted under Article 3e(1) in respect of a period referred to in Article 3c(2) and the second calendar year of that period; and (iii) the absolute growth in tonne-kilometres performed by that aircraft operator between the monitoring year for which tonne-kilometre data was submitted under Article 3e(1) in respect of a period referred to in Article 3c(2) and the second calendar year of that period which exceeds the percentage specified in paragraph 1(b).
(a) the tonne-kilometre data for aircraft operators falling within paragraph 1(a) included in applications submitted to the Commission in accordance with paragraphs 3(a) and 4; and (b) the absolute growth in tonne-kilometres exceeding the percentage specified in paragraph 1(b) for aircraft operators falling within paragraph 1(b) included in applications submitted to the Commission in accordance with paragraphs 3(c)(iii) and 4.
(a) the allocation of allowances from the special reserve to each aircraft operator whose application it submitted to the Commission in accordance with paragraph 4. This allocation shall be calculated by multiplying the benchmark referred to in paragraph 5 by: (i) in the case of an aircraft operator falling within paragraph 1(a), the tonne-kilometre data included in the application submitted to the Commission under paragraphs 3(a) and 4; (ii) in the case of an aircraft operator falling within paragraph 1(b), the absolute growth in tonne-kilometres exceeding the percentage specified in paragraph 1(b) included in the application submitted to the Commission under paragraphs 3(c)(iii) and 4; and
(b) the allocation of allowances to each aircraft operator for each year, which shall be determined by dividing its allocation of allowances under point (a) by the number of full calendar years remaining in the period referred to in Article 3c(2) to which the allocation relates.
(a) 40 % of verified emissions reported for 2024 that would be subject to surrender requirements in accordance with Article 12; (b) 70 % of verified emissions reported for 2025 that would be subject to surrender requirements in accordance with Article 12; (c) 100 % of verified emissions reported for 2026 and each year thereafter in accordance with Article 12.
(a) in the case of a shipping company registered in a Member State, the Member State in which the shipping company is registered; (b) in the case of a shipping company that is not registered in a Member State, the Member State with the greatest estimated number of port calls from voyages performed by that shipping company in the preceding four monitoring years and falling within the scope set out in Article 3ga; (c) in the case of a shipping company that is not registered in a Member State and that did not carry out any voyage falling within the scope set out in Article 3ga in the preceding four monitoring years, the Member State where a ship of the shipping company has started or ended its first voyage falling within the scope set out in that Article.
(a) before 1 February 2024 , a list of shipping companies which performed a maritime transport activity listed in Annex I that fell within the scope set out in Article 3ga on or with effect from1 January 2024 , specifying the administering authority in respect of a shipping company in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article;(b) before 1 February 2026 and every two years thereafter, an updated list to reattribute shipping companies registered in a Member State to another administering authority in respect of a shipping company if they changed the Member State of registration within the Union in accordance with paragraph 1, point (a), of this Article or to include shipping companies which have subsequently performed a maritime transport activity listed in Annex I that fell within the scope set out in Article 3ga, in accordance with paragraph 1, point (c), of this Article; and(c) before 1 February 2028 and every four years thereafter, an updated list to reattribute shipping companies that are not registered in a Member State to another administering authority in respect of a shipping company in accordance with paragraph 1, point (b), of this Article.
(a) its ambition in light of the objectives of the Paris Agreement; (b) its overall environmental integrity, including in comparison with the provisions of this Directive covering maritime transport; and (c) any issue related to the coherence between the EU ETS and that measure.
(a) the installation and its activities including the technology used; (b) the raw and auxiliary materials, the use of which is likely to lead to emissions of gases listed in Annex I; (c) the sources of emissions of gases listed in Annex I from the installation; and (d) the measures planned to monitor and report emissions in accordance with the acts referred to in Article 14.
(a) the name and address of the operator; (b) a description of the activities and emissions from the installation; (c) a monitoring plan that fulfils the requirements under the acts referred to in Article 14. Member States may allow operators to update monitoring plans without changing the permit. Operators shall submit any updated monitoring plans to the competent authority for approval; (d) reporting requirements; and (e) an obligation to surrender allowances equal to the total emissions of the installation in each calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 15, by the deadline laid down in Article 12(3).
(a) 90 % of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst Member States in shares that are identical to the share of verified emissions under the EU ETS for 2005 or the average of the period from 2005 to 2007, whichever one is the highest, of the Member State concerned; (b) 10 % of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst certain Member States for the purposes of solidarity, growth and interconnections within the Union, thereby increasing the amount of allowances that those Member States auction under point (a) by the percentages specified in Annex IIa. (c) 2 % of the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned being distributed amongst Member States the greenhouse gas emissions of which were, in 2005, at least 20 % below their emissions in the base year applicable to them under the Kyoto Protocol. The distribution of this percentage amongst the Member States concerned is set out in Annex IIb.
(a) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including by contributing to the Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund and to the Adaptation Fund as made operational by the Poznan Conference on Climate Change (COP 14 and COP/MOP 4), to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to fund research and development as well as demonstration projects for reducing emissions and for adaptation to climate change, including participation in initiatives within the framework of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan and the European Technology Platforms; (b) to develop renewable energies and grids for electricity transmission to meet the commitment of the Union to renewable energies and the Union targets on interconnectivity, as well as to develop other technologies that contribute to the transition to a safe and sustainable low-carbon economy, and to help to meet the commitment of the Union to increase energy efficiency, at the levels agreed in relevant legislative acts, including the production of electricity from renewables self-consumers and renewable energy communities; (c) measures to avoid deforestation and support the protection and restoration of peatland, forests and other land-based ecosystems or marine-based ecosystems, including measures that contribute to the protection, restoration and better management thereof, in particular as regards marine-protected areas, and increase biodiversity-friendly afforestation and reforestation, including in developing countries that have ratified the Paris Agreement, and measures to transfer technologies and to facilitate adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change in those countries; (d) forestry and soil sequestration in the Union; (e) the environmentally safe capture and geological storage of CO 2 , in particular from solid fossil fuel power stations and a range of industrial sectors and subsectors, including in third countries, and innovative technological carbon removal methods, such as direct air capture and storage;(f) to invest in and accelerate the shift to forms of transport which contribute significantly to the decarbonisation of the sector, including the development of climate-friendly passenger and freight rail transport and bus services and technologies, measures to decarbonise the maritime sector, including the improvement of the energy efficiency of ships, ports, innovative technologies and infrastructure, and sustainable alternative fuels, such as hydrogen and ammonia that are produced from renewables, and zero-emission propulsion technologies, and to finance measures to support the decarbonisation of airports in accordance with a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on ensuring a level playing field for sustainable air transport; (g) to finance research and development in energy efficiency and clean technologies in the sectors covered by this Directive; (h) measures intended to improve energy efficiency, district heating systems and insulation, to support efficient and renewable heating and cooling systems, or to support the deep and staged deep renovation of buildings in accordance with Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (OJ L 153, 18.6.2010, p. 13 ).(ha) to provide financial support to address social aspects in lower- and middle-income households, including by reducing distortive taxes, and targeted reductions of duties and charges for renewable electricity; (hb) to finance national climate dividend schemes with a proven positive environmental impact as documented in the annual report referred to in Article 19(2) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1 ).(i) to cover administrative expenses of the management of the EU ETS; (j) to finance climate actions in vulnerable third countries, including the adaptation to the impacts of climate change; (k) to promote skill formation and reallocation of labour in order to contribute to a just transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular in regions most affected by the transition of jobs, in close coordination with the social partners, and to invest in upskilling and reskilling of workers potentially affected by the transition, including workers in maritime transport; (l) to address any residual risk of carbon leakage in the sectors covered by Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism (OJ L 130, 16.5.2023, p. 52 ).
(a) operators, and in particular any small and medium-sized enterprises covered by the EU ETS, have full, fair and equitable access; (b) all participants have access to the same information at the same time and that participants do not undermine the operation of the auctions; (c) the organisation of, and participation in, the auctions is cost-efficient and undue administrative costs are avoided; and (d) access to allowances is granted to small emitters.
(a) For the period from 2021 to 2025, the benchmark values shall be determined on the basis of information submitted pursuant to Article 11 for the years 2016 and 2017. On the basis of a comparison of those benchmark values with the benchmark values contained in Commission Decision 2011/278/EU Commission Decision 2011/278/EU of 27 April 2011 determining transitional Union-wide rules for harmonised free allocation of emission allowances pursuant to Article 10a of Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 130, 17.5.2011, p. 1 ).27 April 2011 , the Commission shall determine the annual reduction rate for each benchmark, and shall apply it to the benchmark values applicable in the period from 2013 to 2020 in respect of each year between 2008 and 2023 to determine the benchmark values for the period from 2021 to 2025.(b) Where the annual reduction rate exceeds 1,6 % or is below 0,2 %, the benchmark values for the period from 2021 to 2025 shall be the benchmark values applicable in the period from 2013 to 2020 reduced by whichever of those two percentage rates is relevant, in respect of each year between 2008 and 2023. (c) For the period from 2026 to 2030, the benchmark values shall be determined in the same manner as set out in points (a) and (d) of this subparagraph, taking into account point (e) of this subparagraph, on the basis of information submitted pursuant to Article 11 for the years 2021 and 2022 and on the basis of applying the annual reduction rate in respect of each year between 2008 and 2028. (d) Where the annual reduction rate exceeds 2,5 % or is below 0,3 %, the benchmark values for the period from 2026 to 2030 shall be the benchmark values applicable in the period from 2013 to 2020 reduced by whichever of those two percentage rates is relevant, in respect of each year between 2008 and 2028. (e) For the period from 2026 to 2030, the annual reduction rate for the product benchmark for hot metal shall not be affected by the change of benchmark definitions and system boundaries applicable pursuant to paragraph 1, eighth subparagraph.
a maximum of 50 million allowances shall be used to increase the amount of allowances available to support innovation in accordance with Article 10a(8); and a maximum of 0,5 % of the total quantity of allowances shall be used to increase the amount of allowances available to modernise the energy systems of certain Member States in accordance with Article 10d.
(a) the sum of direct and indirect additional costs induced by the implementation of this Directive would lead to a substantial increase of production costs, calculated as a proportion of the gross value added, of at least 5 %; and (b) the intensity of trade with third countries, defined as the ratio between the total value of exports to third countries plus the value of imports from third countries and the total market size for the Community (annual turnover plus total imports from third countries), is above 10 %.
(a) the sum of direct and indirect additional costs induced by the implementation of this Directive would lead to a particularly high increase of production costs, calculated as a proportion of the gross value added, of at least 30 %; or (b) the intensity of trade with third countries, defined as the ratio between the total value of exports to third countries plus the value of imports from third countries and the total market size for the Community (annual turnover plus total imports from third countries), is above 30 %.
(a) the extent to which it is possible for individual installations in the sector or subsector concerned to reduce emission levels or electricity consumption, including, as appropriate, the increase in production costs that the related investment may entail, for instance on the basis of the most efficient techniques; (b) current and projected market characteristics, including when trade exposure or direct and indirect cost increase rates are close to one of the thresholds mentioned in paragraph 16; (c) profit margins as a potential indicator of long-run investment or relocation decisions.
(a) the extent to which third countries, representing a decisive share of global production of products in sectors or subsectors deemed to be at risk of carbon leakage, firmly commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the relevant sectors or subsectors to an extent comparable to that of the Community and within the same time-frame; and (b) the extent to which the carbon efficiency of installations located in these countries is comparable to that of the Community.
(a) the extent to which it is possible for individual installations in the sector or subsector concerned to reduce emission levels or electricity consumption; (b) current and projected market characteristics, including, where relevant, any common reference price; (c) profit margins as a potential indicator of long-run investment or relocation decisions, taking into account changes in costs of production relating to emission reductions.
(a) measures and investments to reach climate neutrality by 2050 at installation or company level, excluding the use of carbon offset credits; (b) intermediate targets and milestones to measure, by 31 December 2025 and by 31 December of each fifth year thereafter, progress made towards reaching climate neutrality as set out in point (a) of this subparagraph;(c) an estimate of the impact of each of the measures and investments referred to in point (a) of this subparagraph as regards the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
(a) comply with the principles of transparency, non-discrimination, equal treatment and sound financial management; (b) ensure that only projects which contribute to the diversification of their energy mix and sources of supply, the necessary restructuring, environmental upgrading and retrofitting of the infrastructure, clean technologies, such as renewable energy technologies, or modernisation of the energy production sector, such as efficient and sustainable district heating, and of the transmission and distribution sector, are eligible to bid; (c) define clear, objective, transparent and non-discriminatory selection criteria for the ranking of projects, so as to ensure that only projects are selected which: (i) on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis, ensure a net positive gain in terms of emission reduction and realise a pre-determined significant level of CO 2 reductions taking into account the size of the project;(ii) are additional, clearly respond to replacement and modernisation needs and do not supply a market-driven increase in energy demand; (iii) offer the best value for money; and (iv) do not contribute to or improve the financial viability of highly emission-intensive electricity generation or increase dependency on emission-intensive fossil fuels.
(a) be added to the total quantity of allowances that the Member State concerned is to auction pursuant to Article 10(2); or (b) be used to support investments within the framework of the Modernisation Fund referred to in Article 10d, in accordance with the rules applicable to the revenue from allowances referred to in Article 10d(4).
(a) the generation and use of electricity from renewable sources, including renewable hydrogen; (b) heating and cooling from renewable sources; (c) the reduction of overall energy use through energy efficiency, including in industry, transport, buildings, agriculture and waste; (d) energy storage and the modernisation of energy networks, including demand-side management, district heating pipelines, grids for electricity transmission, the increase of interconnections between Member States and infrastructure for zero-emission mobility; (e) support for low-income households, including in rural and remote areas, to address energy poverty and to modernise their heating systems; and (f) a just transition in carbon-dependent regions in the beneficiary Member States, so as to support the redeployment, reskilling and up-skilling of workers, education, job-seeking initiatives and start-ups, in dialogue with civil society and social partners, in a manner that is consistent with and contributes to the relevant actions included by the Member States in their territorial just transition plans in accordance with Article 8(2), first subparagraph, point (k), of Regulation (EU) 2021/1056, where relevant.
(a) information on the investments financed per beneficiary Member State; (b) an assessment of the added value, in terms of energy efficiency or modernisation of the energy system, achieved through the investment.
(a) credits authorised by parties participating in the mechanism established under Article 6(4) of the Paris Agreement; (b) credits authorised by the parties participating in crediting programmes which have been considered eligible by the ICAO Council as identified in the implementing act adopted pursuant to paragraph 8; (c) credits authorised by parties to agreements pursuant to paragraph 5; (d) credits issued in respect of Union level projects pursuant to Article 24a.
(a) they originate from a State that is a Party to the Paris Agreement at the time of use; (b) they originate from a State that is listed in the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 25a(3) as participating in ICAO’s Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). This condition shall not apply in respect of emissions released before 2027, nor shall it apply in respect of least developed countries or small island developing States, as defined by the United Nations, except for those States whose GDP per capita equals or exceeds the Union average.
(a) persons within the Union; (b) persons within the Union and persons in third countries, where such allowances are recognised in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 25 without restrictions other than those contained in, or adopted pursuant to, this Directive.
(a) the operator of each installation surrenders a number of allowances that is equal to the total emissions from that installation during the preceding calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 15; (b) each aircraft operator surrenders a number of allowances that is equal to its total emissions during the preceding calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 15; (c) each shipping company surrenders a number of allowances that is equal to its total emissions during the preceding calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 3ge.
(a) the aircraft operators hold an air operator certificate issued by a Member State or are registered in a Member State, including in the outermost regions, dependencies and territories of that Member State; and (b) they produce annual CO 2 emissions greater than10000 tonnes from the use of aeroplanes with a maximum certified take-off mass greater than5700 kg conducting flights covered by Annex I, other than those departing and arriving in the same Member State, including outermost regions of the same Member State, from1 January 2021 .
(i) State flights; (ii) humanitarian flights; (iii) medical flights; (iv) military flights; (v) firefighting flights; (vi) flights preceding or following a humanitarian, medical or firefighting flight provided that such flights were conducted with the same aircraft and were required to accomplish the related humanitarian, medical or firefighting activities or to reposition the aircraft after those activities for its next activity.
(a) per aerodrome pair within the EEA: (i) emissions from all flights; (ii) total number of flights; (iii) total number of passengers; (iv) types of aircraft;
(b) per aircraft operator: (i) data on emissions from flights within the EEA, from flights departing from the EEA, flights arriving in the EEA and flights between two third countries, broken down by State pair, and data on emissions subject to the obligation to cancel CORSIA eligible emission units; (ii) the amount of offsetting requirements, calculated in accordance with Article 12(8); (iii) the amount and type of credits pursuant to Article 11a used to comply with the aircraft operator’s offsetting requirements referred to in point (ii) of this point; (iv) the amount and type of fuels used for which the emission factor is zero under this Directive or which entitle the aircraft operator to receive allowances pursuant to Article 3c(6).
(a) evidence that the aircraft operator has not complied with its obligations under this Directive; (b) details of the enforcement action which has been taken by that Member State; (c) a justification for the imposition of an operating ban at Union level; and (d) a recommendation for the scope of an operating ban at Union level and any conditions that should be applied.
(a) in the case of an aircraft operator with a valid operating licence granted by a Member State in accordance with the provisions of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2407/92 of 23 July 1992 on licensing of air carriersOJ L 240, 24.8.1992, p. 1 .(b) in all other cases, the Member State with the greatest estimated attributed aviation emissions from flights performed by that aircraft operator in the base year.
(a) before 1 February 2009 , publish a list of aircraft operators which performed an aviation activity listed in Annex I on or after1 January 2006 specifying the administering Member State for each aircraft operator in accordance with paragraph 1; and(b) from 2024, at least every two years, update the list to include aircraft operators which have subsequently performed an aviation activity listed in Annex I; where an aircraft operator has not performed an aviation activity listed in Annex I during the four consecutive calendar years preceding the updating of the list, that aircraft operator shall not be included in the list.
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(a) it notifies the Commission of each such installation, specifying the equivalent measures applying to that installation that will achieve an equivalent contribution to emission reductions that are in place, before the list of installations pursuant to Article 11(1) has to be submitted and at the latest when this list is submitted to the Commission; (b) it confirms that monitoring arrangements are in place to assess whether any installation emits 25000 tonnes or more of carbon dioxide equivalent, excluding emissions from biomass, in any one calendar year. Member States may allow simplified monitoring, reporting and verification measures for installations with average annual verified emissions between 2008 and 2010 which are below5000 tonnes a year, in accordance with Article 14;(c) it confirms that if any installation emits 25000 tonnes or more of carbon dioxide equivalent, excluding emissions from biomass, in any one calendar year or the measures applying to that installation that will achieve an equivalent contribution to emission reductions are no longer in place, the installation will be reintroduced into the EU ETS;(d) it publishes the information referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) for public comment.
(a) notifies the Commission of each such installation before the list of installations pursuant to Article 11(1) is to be submitted or at the latest when that list is submitted to the Commission; (b) confirms that simplified monitoring arrangements are in place to assess whether any installation emits 2500 tonnes or more of carbon dioxide equivalent, disregarding emissions from biomass, in any one calendar year;(c) confirms that if any installation emits 2500 tonnes or more of carbon dioxide equivalent, disregarding emissions from biomass, in any one calendar year, the installation will be reintroduced into the EU ETS; and(d) makes the information referred to in points (a), (b) and (c) available to the public.
(a) the nature of the measures agreed upon in the framework of the international negotiations as well as the commitments made by other developed countries to comparable emission reductions to those of the Union and the commitments made by economically more advanced developing countries to contributing adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities; (b) the implications of the international agreement on climate change, and consequently, options required at Union level, in order to move to the more ambitious 30 % reduction target in a balanced, transparent and equitable way, taking into account work under the Kyoto Protocol's first commitment period; (c) the Union manufacturing industries' competitiveness in the context of carbon leakage risks; (d) the impact of the international agreement on climate change on other Union economic sectors; (e) the impact on the Union agriculture sector, including carbon leakage risks; (f) the appropriate modalities for including emissions and removals related to land use, land use change and forestry in the Union; (g) afforestation, reforestation, avoided deforestation and forest degradation in third countries in the event of the establishment of any internationally recognised system in this context; (h) the need for additional Union policies and measures in view of the greenhouse gas reduction commitments of the Union' and of Member States.
(a) all emissions from flights to and from aerodromes located in States outside the EEA, with the exception of flights to aerodromes located in the United Kingdom or Switzerland, in each calendar year from 1 January 2021 to31 December 2026 , subject to the review referred to in Article 28b;(b) all emissions from flights between an aerodrome located in an outermost region within the meaning of Article 349 TFEU and an aerodrome located in another region of the EEA in each calendar year from 1 January 2013 to31 December 2023 , subject to the review referred to in Article 28b.
(a) the relevant ICAO instruments, including standards and recommended practices, as well as the progress in the implementation of all elements of the ICAO basket of measures towards the achievement of the long-term global aspirational goal adopted at ICAO’s 41st Assembly; (b) ICAO Council-approved recommendations relevant to the global market-based measure, including any possible changes to baselines; (c) the establishment of a global registry; (d) domestic measures taken by third countries to implement the global market-based measure to be applied to emissions from 2021; (e) the level of participation in offsetting under CORSIA by third countries, including the implications of their reservations as regards such participation; and (f) other relevant international developments and applicable instruments, as well as progress to reduce aviation’s total climate change impacts.
(a) the ICAO Assembly by 31 December 2025 has not strengthened CORSIA in line with achieving its long-term global aspirational goal, towards meeting the Paris Agreement goals; or(b) States listed in the implementing act adopted pursuant to Article 25a(3) represent less than 70 % of international aviation emissions using the most recent available data.
(a) how negative emissions resulting from greenhouse gases that are removed from the atmosphere and safely and permanently stored could be accounted for and how those negative emissions could be covered by emissions trading, if appropriate, including a clear scope and strict criteria for such coverage, and safeguards to ensure that such removals do not offset necessary emission reductions in accordance with Union climate targets laid down in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119; (b) the feasibility of lowering the 20 MW total rated thermal input thresholds for the activities in Annex I from 2031; (c) whether all greenhouse gas emissions covered by this Directive are effectively accounted for, and whether double counting is effectively avoided; in particular, it shall assess the accounting of the greenhouse gas emissions which are considered to have been captured and utilised in a product in a manner other than that referred to in Article 12(3b).
(a) an evaluation of the environmental and climate impacts of flights of less than 1000 km and consideration of options to reduce those impacts, including an examination of the alternative modes of public transport available and the increased use of sustainable aviation fuels;(b) an evaluation of the environmental and climate impacts of flights performed by operators exempted pursuant to point (h) or (k) of the entry "Aviation" of the column "Activities" in the table of Annex I, and considerations of options to reduce those impacts; (c) an evaluation of the social impacts of this Directive in the aviation sector, including on its work force and air travel costs; and (d) an evaluation of the air connectivity of islands and remote territories, including consideration of competitiveness and carbon leakage, as well as environmental and climate impacts.
(a) the regulated entity; (b) the type of fuels it releases for consumption and which are used for combustion in the sectors referred to in Annex III and the means through which it releases those fuels for consumption; (c) the end use or end uses of the fuels released for consumption for the activity referred to in Annex III; (d) the measures planned to monitor and report emissions, in accordance with the implementing acts referred to in Articles 14 and 30f; (e) a non-technical summary of the information referred to in points (a) to (d) of this paragraph.
(a) the name and address of the regulated entity; (b) a description of the means by which the regulated entity releases the fuels for consumption in the sectors covered by this Chapter; (c) a list of the fuels the regulated entity releases for consumption in the sectors covered by this Chapter; (d) a monitoring plan that fulfils the requirements established by the implementing acts referred to in Article 14; (e) reporting requirements established by the implementing acts referred to in Article 14; (f) an obligation to surrender allowances issued under this Chapter, equal to the total emissions in each calendar year, as verified in accordance with Article 15, by the deadline laid down in Article 30e(2).
(a) for 2026, EUR 4000000000 ;(b) for 2027, EUR 10900000000 ;(c) for 2028, EUR 10500000000 ;(d) for 2029, EUR 10300000000 ;(e) for 2030, EUR 10100000000 ;(f) for 2031, EUR 9800000000 ;(g) for 2032, EUR 9400000000 .
(a) for 2028, EUR 11400000000 ;(b) for 2029, EUR 10300000000 ;(c) for 2030, EUR 10100000000 ;(d) for 2031, EUR 9800000000 ;(e) for 2032, EUR 9000000000 .
(a) measures intended to contribute to the decarbonisation of heating and cooling of buildings or to the reduction of the energy needs of buildings, including the integration of renewable energies and related measures in accordance with Article 7(11) and Articles 12 and 20 of Directive 2012/27/EU, as well as measures to provide financial support for low-income households in worst-performing buildings; (b) measures intended to accelerate the uptake of zero-emission vehicles or to provide financial support for the deployment of fully interoperable refuelling and recharging infrastructure for zero-emission vehicles, or measures to encourage a shift to public transport and improve multimodality, or to provide financial support in order to address social aspects concerning low- and middle-income transport users; (c) to finance their Social Climate Plan in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2023/955; (d) to provide financial compensation to the final consumers of fuels in cases where it has not been possible to avoid double counting of emissions or where allowances have been surrendered for emissions not covered by this Chapter as referred to in Article 30f(5). Member States shall be deemed to have fulfilled the provisions of this paragraph if they have in place and implement fiscal or financial support policies or regulatory policies which leverage financial support, established for the purposes set out in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, and which have a value equivalent to the revenues referred to in that subparagraph generated from the auctioning of allowances referred to in this Chapter. Member States shall inform the Commission as to the use of revenues and the actions taken pursuant to this paragraph by including this information in their reports submitted under Regulation (EU) 2018/1999.
(a) any reference to emissions shall be read as if it were a reference to the emissions covered by this Chapter; (b) any reference to operators of installations shall be read as if it were a reference to the regulated entities covered by this Chapter; (c) any reference to allowances shall be read as if it were a reference to the allowances covered by this Chapter.
(a) the Member State concerned notifies the Commission of that national carbon tax by 31 December 2023 , and the national law setting the tax rates applicable for the years 2027 to 2030 has, by that date, entered into force; the Member State concerned shall notify the Commission of any subsequent change to the national carbon tax;(b) for the reference year, the national carbon tax of the Member State concerned effectively paid by that regulated entity is higher than the average auction clearing price of the emissions trading system established under this Chapter; (c) the regulated entity fully complies with the obligations under Article 30b on greenhouse emissions permits and Article 30f on monitoring, reporting and verification of its emissions; (d) the Member State concerned notifies the Commission of the application of any such exemption and the corresponding amount of allowances to be cancelled in accordance with point (g) of this subparagraph and the delegated acts adopted pursuant to Article 10(4), by 31 May of the year after the reference year; (e) the Commission does not raise an objection to the application of the derogation on the ground that the measure notified is not in conformity with the conditions set out in this paragraph, within three months of a notification under point (a) of this subparagraph or within one month of the notification for the relevant year under point (d) of this subparagraph; (f) the Member State concerned does not auction the amount of allowances referred to in Article 30d(5) for a particular reference year until the amount of allowances to be cancelled under this paragraph is determined in accordance with point (g) of this subparagraph; the Member State concerned shall not auction any of the additional amount of allowances pursuant to Article 30d(2), first subparagraph; (g) the Member State concerned cancels an amount of allowances from the total quantity of allowances to be auctioned by it, referred to in Article 30d(5), for the reference year, which is equal to the verified emissions of that regulated entity under this Chapter for the reference year; where the amount of allowances that remains to be auctioned in the reference year following application of point (f) of this subparagraph is below the amount of allowances to be cancelled under this paragraph, the Member State concerned shall ensure that it cancels the amount of allowances corresponding to the difference by the end of the year after the reference year; and (h) the Member State concerned commits, at the time of the first notification under point (a) of this subparagraph, to using for one or more of the measures listed or referred to in Article 30d(6), first subparagraph, an amount equivalent to the revenues to which Article 30d(6) would have applied in the absence of this derogation; Article 30d(6), second and third subparagraphs, shall apply and the Commission shall ensure that the information received pursuant thereto is in conformity with the commitment made under this point. The amount of allowances to be cancelled under the first subparagraph, point (g), of this paragraph shall not affect the external assigned revenue established pursuant to Article 30d(4) of this Directive or, where it has been established pursuant to Article 311, third paragraph, TFEU, the own resources of the Union budget pursuant to Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053 Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2020/2053 of 14 December 2020 on the system of own resources of the European Union and repealing Decision 2014/335/EU, Euratom (OJ L 424, 15.12.2020, p. 1 ).
(a) any reference to emissions shall be read as if it were a reference to the emissions covered by this Chapter; (b) any reference to an activity listed in Annex I shall be read as if it were a reference to the activity referred to in Annex III; (c) any reference to operators shall be read as if it were a reference to the regulated entities covered by this Chapter; (d) any reference to allowances shall be read as if it were a reference to the allowances covered by this Chapter; (e) the reference to the date in Article 15 shall be read as if it were a reference to 30 April.
(a) any reference to emissions shall be read as if it were a reference to emissions covered by this Chapter; (b) any reference to operators shall be read as if it were a reference to regulated entities covered by this Chapter; (c) any reference to allowances shall be read as if it were a reference to the allowances covered by this Chapter.
(a) the average TTF gas price for the six calendar months ending 30 June 2026 was higher than the average TTF gas price in February and March 2022;(b) the average Brent crude oil price for the six calendar months ending 30 June 2026 was more than twice the average Brent crude oil price during the five preceding years; the five-year reference period shall be the five-year period that ends before the first month of the period of six calendar months.
(a) by way of derogation from Article 30c(1), the first year for which the Union-wide quantity of allowances is established shall be 2028 and, by way of derogation from Article 30c(3), the first year for which the Union-wide quantity of allowances is adjusted shall be 2029; (b) by way of derogation from Article 30d(1) and (2), the start of auctioning of allowances under this Chapter shall be postponed to 2028; (c) by way of derogation from Article 30d(2), the additional amount of allowances for the first year of auctions shall be deducted from the auction volumes for the period from 2030 to 2032 and the initial holdings in the market stability reserve shall be created in 2028; (d) by way of derogation from Article 30e(2), the deadline for initial surrendering of allowances shall be put back to 31 May 2029 for total emissions in the year 2028;(e) by way of derogation from Article 30i, the deadline for the Commission to report to the European Parliament and to the Council shall be put back to 1 January 2029 .
(a) the need for additional Union policies and measures to ensure compliance with the objectives and targets referred to in Article 30(3) of this Directive; (b) the need for additional Union policies and measures in view of agreements on global measures within ICAO to reduce the climate impact of aviation, and of the ambition and environmental integrity of the global market-based measure of the IMO referred to in Article 3gg of this Directive.
(a) ensuring that the beneficiaries of such funding acknowledge the origin of those funds and ensure the visibility of the Union funding, in particular when promoting the projects and their results, by providing coherent, effective and proportionate targeted information to multiple audiences, including the media and the public; and (b) ensuring that the recipients of such funding use an appropriate label that reads "(co-)funded by the EU Emissions Trading System (the Innovation Fund)", as well as the emblem of the Union and the amount of funding; where the use of that label is not feasible, the Innovation Fund shall be mentioned in all communication activities, including on notice boards at strategic places visible to the public. The Commission shall in the delegated act referred to in Article 10a(8) set out the necessary requirements to ensure the visibility of funding from the Innovation Fund, including a requirement to mention that Fund.
| Activities | Greenhouse gases |
|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide | |
| Refining of oil, where combustion units with a total rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW are operated | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of coke | Carbon dioxide |
| Metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting or sintering, including pelletisation | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2,5 tonnes per hour | Carbon dioxide |
| Production or processing of ferrous metals (including ferro-alloys) where combustion units with a total rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW are operated. Processing includes, inter alia, rolling mills, re-heaters, annealing furnaces, smitheries, foundries, coating and pickling | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of primary aluminium or alumina | Carbon dioxide and perfluorocarbons |
| Production of secondary aluminium where combustion units with a total rated thermal input exceeding 20 MW are operated | Carbon dioxide |
| Production or processing of non-ferrous metals, including production of alloys, refining, foundry casting, etc., where combustion units with a total rated thermal input (including fuels used as reducing agents) exceeding 20 MW are operated | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of cement clinker in rotary kilns with a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in other furnaces with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of lime or calcination of dolomite or magnesite in rotary kilns or in other furnaces with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Manufacture of glass including glass fibre with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Manufacture of ceramic products by firing, in particular roofing tiles, bricks, refractory bricks, tiles, stoneware or porcelain, with a production capacity exceeding 75 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Manufacture of mineral wool insulation material using glass, rock or slag with a melting capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Drying or calcination of gypsum or production of plaster boards and other gypsum products, with a production capacity of calcined gypsum or dried secondary gypsum exceeding a total of 20 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of pulp from timber or other fibrous materials | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of paper or cardboard with a production capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of carbon black involving the carbonisation of organic substances such as oils, tars, cracker and distillation residues with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of nitric acid | Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide |
| Production of adipic acid | Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide |
| Production of glyoxal and glyoxylic acid | Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide |
| Production of ammonia | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of bulk organic chemicals by cracking, reforming, partial or full oxidation or by similar processes, with a production capacity exceeding 100 tonnes per day | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of hydrogen (H | Carbon dioxide |
| Production of soda ash (Na | Carbon dioxide |
| Capture of greenhouse gases from installations covered by this Directive for the purpose of transport and geological storage in a storage site permitted under Directive 2009/31/EC | Carbon dioxide |
| Transport of greenhouse gases for geological storage in a storage site permitted under Directive 2009/31/EC, with the exclusion of those emissions covered by another activity under this Directive | Carbon dioxide |
| Geological storage of greenhouse gases in a storage site permitted under Directive 2009/31/EC | Carbon dioxide |
| Carbon dioxide |
| Member State share | |
| Belgium | 10 % |
| Bulgaria | 53 % |
| Czech Republic | 31 % |
| Estonia | 42 % |
| Greece | 17 % |
| Spain | 13 % |
| Croatia | 26 % |
| Italy | 2 % |
| Cyprus | 20 % |
| Latvia | 56 % |
| Lithuania | 46 % |
| Luxembourg | 10 % |
| Hungary | 28 % |
| Malta | 23 % |
| Poland | 39 % |
| Portugal | 16 % |
| Romania | 53 % |
| Slovenia | 20 % |
| Slovakia | 41 % |
| Sweden | 10 % |
| Share | |
|---|---|
| Bulgaria | |
| Czechia | |
| Estonia | |
| Croatia | |
| Latvia | |
| Lithuania | |
| Hungary | |
| Poland | |
| Romania | |
| Slovakia |
| Share | |
|---|---|
| Bulgaria | |
| Czechia | |
| Estonia | |
| Greece | |
| Croatia | |
| Latvia | |
| Lithuania | |
| Hungary | |
| Poland | |
| Portugal | |
| Romania | |
| Slovakia | |
| Slovenia |
| Activity | Greenhouse gases |
|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide |
|
LRF adj = 100%* [MRV[2024-2026] – (ESR[2024] - 6* LRF[2024 ]* ESR[2024] )]/ (5* MRV[2024-2026] ), where,LRF adj is the adjusted linear reduction factor;MRV [2024-2026] is the average of verified emissions under Chapter IVa for the years 2024 to 2026;ESR [2024] is the value of 2024 emissions defined in accordance with Article 30c(1) for the sectors covered under Chapter IVa;LRF[ 2024 ] is the linear reduction factor referred to in Article 30c(1).
A. Data identifying the installation, including: Name of the installation; Its address, including postcode and country; Type and number of Annex I activities carried out in the installation; Address, telephone, fax and email details for a contact person; and Name of the owner of the installation, and of any parent company.
B. For each Annex I activity carried out on the site for which emissions are calculated: Activity data; Emission factors; Oxidation factors; Total emissions; and Uncertainty.
C. For each Annex I activity carried out on the site for which emissions are measured: Total emissions; Information on the reliability of measurement methods; and Uncertainty.
D. For emissions from combustion, the report shall also include the oxidation factor, unless oxidation has already been taken into account in the development of an activity-specific emission factor.
A. Data identifying the aircraft operator, including: name of the aircraft operator, its administering Member State, its address, including postcode and country and, where different, its contact address in the administering Member State, the aircraft registration numbers and types of aircraft used in the period covered by the report to perform the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator, the number and issuing authority of the air operator certificate and operating licence under which the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator were performed, address, telephone, fax and e-mail details for a contact person, and name of the aircraft owner.
B. For each type of fuel for which emissions are calculated: fuel consumption, emission factor, total aggregated emissions from all flights performed during the period covered by the report which fall within the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator, aggregated emissions from: all flights performed during the period covered by the report which fall within the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator and which departed from an aerodrome situated in the territory of a Member State and arrived at an aerodrome situated in the territory of the same Member State, all other flights performed during the period covered by the report which fall within the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator,
aggregated emissions from all flights performed during the period covered by the report which fall within the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator and which: departed from each Member State, and arrived in each Member State from a third country,
uncertainty.
the number of passengers shall be the number of persons on-board excluding crew members, an aircraft operator may choose to apply either the actual or standard mass for passengers and checked baggage contained in its mass and balance documentation for the relevant flights or a default value of 100 kg for each passenger and his checked baggage.
A. Data identifying the aircraft operator, including: name of the aircraft operator, its administering Member State, its address, including postcode and country and, where different, its contact address in the administering Member State, the aircraft registration numbers and types of aircraft used during the year covered by the application to perform the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator, the number and issuing authority of the air operator certificate and operating licence under which the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator were performed, address, telephone, fax and e-mail details for a contact person, and name of the aircraft owner.
B. Tonne-kilometre data: number of flights by aerodrome pair, number of passenger-kilometres by aerodrome pair, number of tonne-kilometres by aerodrome pair, chosen method for calculation of mass for passengers and checked baggage, total number of tonne-kilometres for all flights performed during the year to which the report relates falling within the aviation activities listed in Annex I for which it is the aircraft operator.
A. Data identifying the regulated entity, including: name of the regulated entity; its address, including postcode and country; type of the fuels it releases for consumption and its activities through which it releases the fuels for consumption, including the technology used; address, telephone, fax and email details for a contact person; and name of the owner of the regulated entity, and of any parent company.
B. For each type of fuel released for consumption and which is used for combustion in the sectors referred to in Annex III, for which emissions are calculated: quantity of fuel released for consumption; emission factors; total emissions; end use(s) of the fuel released for consumption; and uncertainty.
Member States shall take measures to coordinate reporting requirements with any existing reporting requirements in order to minimise the reporting burden on businesses.
(a) the reported activity data and related measurements and calculations; (b) the choice and the employment of emission factors; (c) the calculations leading to the determination of the overall emissions; and (d) if measurement is used, the appropriateness of the choice and the employment of measuring methods.
(a) the reported data is free of inconsistencies; (b) the collection of the data has been carried out in accordance with the applicable scientific standards; and (c) the relevant records of the installation are complete and consistent.
(a) the provisions of this Directive, as well as relevant standards and guidance adopted by the Commission pursuant to Article 14(1); (b) the legislative, regulatory, and administrative requirements relevant to the activities being verified; and (c) the generation of all information related to each source of emissions in the installation, in particular, relating to the collection, measurement, calculation and reporting of data.
(a) in paragraph 3, the reference to operator shall be read as if it were a reference to an aircraft operator, and in point (c) of that paragraph the reference to installation shall be read as if it were a reference to the aircraft used to perform the aviation activities covered by the report; (b) in paragraph 5, the reference to installation shall be read as if it were a reference to the aircraft operator; (c) in paragraph 6 the reference to activities carried out in the installation shall be read as a reference to aviation activities covered by the report carried out by the aircraft operator; (d) in paragraph 7 the reference to the site of the installation shall be read as if it were a reference to the sites used by the aircraft operator to perform the aviation activities covered by the report; (e) in paragraphs 8 and 9 the references to sources of emissions in the installation shall be read as if they were a reference to the aircraft for which the aircraft operator is responsible; and (f) in paragraphs 10 and 12 the references to operator shall be read as if they were a reference to an aircraft operator.
(a) all flights falling within an aviation activity listed in Annex I have been taken into account. In this task the verifier shall be assisted by timetable data and other data on the aircraft operator’s traffic including data from Eurocontrol requested by that operator; (b) there is overall consistency between aggregated fuel consumption data and data on fuel purchased or otherwise supplied to the aircraft performing the aviation activity.
(a) the reported fuels released for consumption and related calculations; (b) the choice and the employment of emission factors; (c) the calculations leading to the determination of the overall emissions.
(a) the reported data are free of inconsistencies; (b) the collection of the data has been carried out in accordance with the applicable scientific standards; and (c) the relevant records of the regulated entity are complete and consistent.
(a) the provisions of this Directive, as well as relevant standards and guidance adopted by the Commission pursuant to Article 14(1); (b) the legislative, regulatory, and administrative requirements relevant to the activities being verified; and (c) the generation of all information related to all the means through which the fuels are released for consumption by the regulated entity, in particular, relating to the collection, measurement, calculation and reporting of data.