~~THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,~~ ~~Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 100 and 235 thereof,~~ ~~Having regard to the proposal from the CommissionOJ No C 169, 9.7.1980, p. 14~~., ~~Having regard to the opinion of the European ParliamentOJ No C 66, 15.3.1982, p. 89~~., ~~Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social CommitteeOJ No C 185, 27.7.1981, p. 8~~., ~~Whereas the 1973OJ No C 112, 20.12.1973, p. 1~~. ~~and 1977OJ No C 139, 13.6.1977, p. 1~~. ~~action programmes of the European Communities on the environment, as well as the 1983OJ No C 46, 17.2.1983, p. 1~~. action programme, the main outlines of which have been approved by the Council of the European Communities and the representatives of the Governments of the Member States, stress that the best environmental policy consists in preventing the creation of pollution or nuisances at source, rather than subsequently trying to counteract their effects; whereas they affirm the need to take effects on the environment into account at the earliest possible stage in all the technical planning and decision-making processes; whereas to that end, they provide for the implementation of procedures to evaluate such effects; Whereas the disparities between the laws in force in the various Member States with regard to the assessment of the environmental effects of public and private projects may create unfavourable competitive conditions and thereby directly affect the functioning of the common market; whereas, therefore, it is necessary to approximate national laws in this field pursuant to Article 100 of the Treaty; ~~Whereas, in addition, it is necessary to achieve one of the Community's objectives in the sphere of the protection of the environment and the quality of life;~~ ~~Whereas, since the Treaty has not provided the powers required for this end, recourse should be had to Article 235 of the Treaty;~~ Whereas general principles for the assessment of environmental effects should be introduced with a view to supplementing and coordinating development consent procedures governing public and private projects likely to have a major effect on the environment; Whereas development consent for public and private projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment should be granted only after prior assessment of the likely significant environmental effects of these projects has been carried out; whereas this assessment must be conducted on the basis of the appropriate information supplied by the developer, which may be supplemented by the authorities and by the people who may be concerned by the project in question; Whereas the principles of the assessment of environmental effects should be harmonized, in particular with reference to the projects which should be subject to assessment, the main obligations of the developers and the content of the assessment; ~~Whereas projects belonging to certain types have significant effects on the environment and these projects must as a rule be subject to systematic assessment;~~ Whereas projects of other types may not have significant effects on the environment in every case and whereas these projects should be assessed where the Member States consider that their characteristics so require; ~~Whereas, for projects which are subject to assessment, a certain minimal amount of information must be supplied, concerning the project and its effects;~~ Whereas the effects of a project on the environment must be assessed in order to take account of concerns to protect human health, to contribute by means of a better environment to the quality of life, to ensure maintenance of the diversity of species and to maintain the reproductive capacity of the ecosystem as a basic resource for life; Whereas, however, this Directive should not be applied to projects the details of which are adopted by a specific act of national legislation, since the objectives of this Directive, including that of supplying information, are achieved through the legislative process; Whereas, furthermore, it may be appropriate in exceptional cases to exempt a specific project from the assessment procedures laid down by this Directive, subject to appropriate information being supplied to the Commission, ~~HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:~~

~~Article 1~~ 1. ~~This Directive shall apply to the assessment of the environmental effects of those public and private projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment.~~ 2. ~~For the purposes of this Directive:~~ ~~"project" means:~~ ~~the execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes,~~ ~~other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape including those involving the extraction of mineral resources;~~ ~~"developer" means:the applicant for authorization for a private project or the public authority which initiates a project;~~ ~~"development consent" means:the decision of the competent authority or authorities which entitles the developer to proceed with the project;~~ ~~"public" means:one or more natural or legal persons and, in accordance with national legislation or practice, their associations, organisations or groups;~~ ~~"public concerned" means:~~the public affected or likely to be affected by, or having an interest in, the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2); for the purposes of this definition, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection and meeting any requirements under national law shall be deemed to have an interest. 3. ~~The competent authority or authorities shall be that or those which the Member States designate as responsible for performing the duties arising from this Directive.~~ 4. Member States may decide, on a case-by-case basis if so provided under national law, not to apply this Directive to projects serving national defence purposes, if they deem that such application would have an adverse effect on these purposes. 5. This Directive shall not apply to projects the details of which are adopted by a specific act of national legislation, since the objectives of this Directive, including that of supplying information, are achieved through the legislative process.

~~Article 2~~ 1. ~~Member States shall adopt all measures necessary to ensure that, before consent is given, projects likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue,~~ ~~inter alia, of their nature, size or location are made subject to a requirement for development consent and an assessment with regard to their effects. These projects are defined in Article 4.~~ 2. The environmental impact assessment may be integrated into the existing procedures for consent to projects in the Member States, or, failing this, into other procedures or into procedures to be established to comply with the aims of this Directive. ~~2a.~~ Member States may provide for a single procedure in order to fulfil the requirements of this Directive and the requirements of Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 on integrated pollution prevention and control~~OJ No L 257, 10.10.1996, p. 26~~.. 3. ~~Without prejudice to Article 7, Member States may, in exceptional cases, exempt a specific project in whole or in part from the provisions laid down in this Directive.~~ ~~In this event, the Member States shall:~~ ~~(a)consider whether another form of assessment would be appropriate;~~ ~~(b)~~make available to the public concerned the information obtained under other forms of assessment referred to in point (a), the information relating to the exemption decision and the reasons for granting it; ~~(c)inform the Commission, prior to granting consent, of the reasons justifying the exemption granted, and provide it with the information made available, where applicable, to their own nationals.~~ ~~The Commission shall immediately forward the documents received to the other Member States.~~ ~~The Commission shall report annually to the Council on the application of this paragraph.~~

~~Article 3~~ The environmental impact assessment shall identify, describe and assess in an appropriate manner, in the light of each individual case and in accordance with Articles 4 to 11, the direct and indirect effects of a project on the following factors: ~~human beings, fauna and flora;~~ ~~soil, water, air, climate and the landscape;~~ ~~material assets and the cultural heritage;~~ ~~the interaction between the factors mentioned in the first, second and third indents.~~

~~Article 4~~ 1. ~~Subject to Article 2 (3), projects listed in Annex I shall be made subject to an assessment in accordance with Articles 5 to 10.~~ 2. ~~Subject to Article 2 (3), for projects listed in Annex II, the Member States shall determine through:~~ ~~(a)a case-by-case examination,~~ or ~~(b)thresholds or criteria set by the Member Statewhether the project shall be made subject to an assessment in accordance with Articles 5 to 10.~~ ~~Member States may decide to apply both procedures referred to in (a) and (b).~~ 3. ~~When a case-by-case examination is carried out or thresholds or criteria are set for the purpose of paragraph 2, the relevant selection criteria set out in Annex III shall be taken into account.~~ 4. ~~Member States shall ensure that the determination made by the competent authorities under paragraph 2 is made available to the public.~~

~~Article 5~~ 1. In the case of projects which, pursuant to Article 4, must be subjected to an environmental impact assessment in accordance with Articles 5 to 10, Member States shall adopt the necessary measures to ensure that the developer supplies in an appropriate form the information specified in Annex IV inasmuch as: ~~(a)~~the Member States consider that the information is relevant to a given stage of the consent procedure and to the specific characteristics of a particular project or type of project and of the environmental features likely to be affected; ~~(b)the Member States consider that a developer may reasonably be required to compile this information having regard~~ ~~inter alia~~ ~~to current knowledge and methods of assessment.~~ 2. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that, if the developer so requests before submitting an application for development consent, the competent authority shall give an opinion on the information to be supplied by the developer in accordance with paragraph 1. The competent authority shall consult the developer and authorities referred to in Article 6 (1) before it gives its opinion. The fact that the authority has given an opinion under this paragraph shall not preclude it from subsequently requiring the developer to submit further information. ~~Member States may require the competent authorities to give such an opinion, irrespective of whether the developer so requests.~~ 3. ~~The information to be provided by the developer in accordance with paragraph 1 shall include at least:~~ ~~a description of the project comprising information on the site, design and size of the project,~~ ~~a description of the measures envisaged in order to avoid, reduce and, if possible, remedy significant adverse effects,~~ ~~the data required to identify and assess the main effects which the project is likely to have on the environment,~~ ~~an outline of the main alternatives studied by the developer and an indication of the main reasons for his choice, taking into account the environmental effects,~~ ~~a non-technical summary of the information mentioned in the previous indents.~~ 4. ~~Member States shall, if necessary, ensure that any authorities holding relevant information, with particular reference to Article 3, shall make this information available to the developer.~~

~~Article 6~~ 1. Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that the authorities likely to be concerned by the project by reason of their specific environmental responsibilities are given an opportunity to express their opinion on the information supplied by the developer and on the request for development consent. To this end, Member States shall designate the authorities to be consulted, either in general terms or on a case-by-case basis. The information gathered pursuant to Article 5 shall be forwarded to those authorities. Detailed arrangements for consultation shall be laid down by the Member States. 2. The public shall be informed, whether by public notices or other appropriate means such as electronic media where available, of the following matters early in the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2) and, at the latest, as soon as information can reasonably be provided: ~~(a)the request for development consent;~~ ~~(b)the fact that the project is subject to an environmental impact assessment procedure and, where relevant, the fact that Article 7 applies;~~ ~~(c)~~details of the competent authorities responsible for taking the decision, those from which relevant information can be obtained, those to which comments or questions can be submitted, and details of the time schedule for transmitting comments or questions; ~~(d)the nature of possible decisions or, where there is one, the draft decision;~~ ~~(e)an indication of the availability of the information gathered pursuant to Article 5;~~ ~~(f)an indication of the times and places where and means by which the relevant information will be made available;~~ ~~(g)details of the arrangements for public participation made pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article.~~ 3. ~~Member States shall ensure that, within reasonable time-frames, the following is made available to the public concerned:~~ ~~(a)any information gathered pursuant to Article 5;~~ ~~(b)~~in accordance with national legislation, the main reports and advice issued to the competent authority or authorities at the time when the public concerned is informed in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article; ~~(c)in accordance with the provisions of Directive 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental informationOJ L 41, 14.2.2003, p. 26~~., information other than that referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article which is relevant for the decision in accordance with Article 8 and which only becomes available after the time the public concerned was informed in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article. 4. The public concerned shall be given early and effective opportunities to participate in the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2) and shall, for that purpose, be entitled to express comments and opinions when all options are open to the competent authority or authorities before the decision on the request for development consent is taken. 5. The detailed arrangements for informing the public (for example by bill posting within a certain radius or publication in local newspapers) and for consulting the public concerned (for example by written submissions or by way of a public inquiry) shall be determined by the Member States. 6. Reasonable time-frames for the different phases shall be provided, allowing sufficient time for informing the public and for the public concerned to prepare and participate effectively in environmental decision-making subject to the provisions of this Article.

~~Article 7~~ 1. Where a Member State is aware that a project is likely to have significant effects on the environment in another Member State or where a Member State likely to be significantly affected so requests, the Member State in whose territory the project is intended to be carried out shall send to the affected Member State as soon as possible and no later than when informing its own public, ~~inter alia~~: ~~(a)a description of the project, together with any available information on its possible transboundary impact;~~ ~~(b)information on the nature of the decision which may be taken,~~and shall give the other Member State a reasonable time in which to indicate whether it wishes to participate in the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2), and may include the information referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. 2. If a Member State which receives information pursuant to paragraph 1 indicates that it intends to participate in the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2), the Member State in whose territory the project is intended to be carried out shall, if it has not already done so, send to the affected Member State the information required to be given pursuant to Article 6(2) and made available pursuant to Article 6(3)(a) and (b). 3. ~~The Member States concerned, each insofar as it is concerned, shall also:~~ ~~(a)~~arrange for the information referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 to be made available, within a reasonable time, to the authorities referred to in Article 6 (1) and the public concerned in the territory of the Member State likely to be significantly affected; and ~~(b)~~ensure that those authorities and the public concerned are given an opportunity, before development consent for the project is granted, to forward their opinion within a reasonable time on the information supplied to the competent authority in the Member State in whose territory the project is intended to be carried out. 4. ~~The Member States concerned shall enter into consultations regarding,~~ ~~inter alia~~, the potential transboundary effects of the project and the measures envisaged to reduce or eliminate such effects and shall agree on a reasonable time frame for the duration of the consultation period. 5. The detailed arrangements for implementing this Article may be determined by the Member States concerned and shall be such as to enable the public concerned in the territory of the affected Member State to participate effectively in the environmental decision-making procedures referred to in Article 2(2) for the project.

~~Article 8~~ ~~The results of consultations and the information gathered pursuant to Articles 5, 6 and 7 must be taken into consideration in the development consent procedure.~~

~~Article 9~~ 1. When a decision to grant or refuse development consent has been taken, the competent authority or authorities shall inform the public thereof in accordance with the appropriate procedures and shall make available to the public the following information: ~~the content of the decision and any conditions attached thereto,~~ having examined the concerns and opinions expressed by the public concerned, the main reasons and considerations on which the decision is based, including information about the public participation process, ~~a description, where necessary, of the main measures to avoid, reduce and, if possible, offset the major adverse effects.~~ 2. ~~The competent authority or authorities shall inform any Member State which has been consulted pursuant to Article 7, forwarding to it the information referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.~~ ~~The consulted Member States shall ensure that that information is made available in an appropriate manner to the public concerned in their own territory.~~

~~Article 10~~ The provisions of this Directive shall not affect the obligation on the competent authorities to respect the limitations imposed by national regulations and administrative provisions and accepted legal practices with regard to commercial and industrial confidentiality, including intellectual property, and the safeguarding of the public interest. Where Article 7 applies, the transmission of information to another Member State and the receipt of information by another Member State shall be subject to the limitations in force in the Member State in which the project is proposed.

~~Article 10a~~ ~~Member States shall ensure that, in accordance with the relevant national legal system, members of the public concerned:~~ ~~(a)having a sufficient interest, or alternatively,~~ ~~(b)maintaining the impairment of a right, where administrative procedural law of a Member State requires this as a precondition,~~have access to a review procedure before a court of law or another independent and impartial body established by law to challenge the substantive or procedural legality of decisions, acts or omissions subject to the public participation provisions of this Directive. ~~Member States shall determine at what stage the decisions, acts or omissions may be challenged.~~ What constitutes a sufficient interest and impairment of a right shall be determined by the Member States, consistently with the objective of giving the public concerned wide access to justice. To this end, the interest of any non-governmental organisation meeting the requirements referred to in Article 1(2), shall be deemed sufficient for the purpose of subparagraph (a) of this Article. Such organisations shall also be deemed to have rights capable of being impaired for the purpose of subparagraph (b) of this Article. The provisions of this Article shall not exclude the possibility of a preliminary review procedure before an administrative authority and shall not affect the requirement of exhaustion of administrative review procedures prior to recourse to judicial review procedures, where such a requirement exists under national law. ~~Any such procedure shall be fair, equitable, timely and not prohibitively expensive.~~ In order to further the effectiveness of the provisions of this article, Member States shall ensure that practical information is made available to the public on access to administrative and judicial review procedures.

~~Article 11~~ 1. ~~The Member States and the Commission shall exchange information on the experience gained in applying this Directive.~~ 2. ~~In particular, Member States shall inform the Commission of any criteria and/or thresholds adopted for the selection of the projects in question, in accordance with Article 4 (2).~~ 3. Five years after notification of this Directive, the Commission shall send the European Parliament and the Council a report on its application and effectiveness. The report shall be based on the aforementioned exchange of information. 4. On the basis of this exchange of information, the Commission shall submit to the Council additional proposals, should this be necessary, with a view to this Directive's being applied in a sufficiently coordinated manner.

~~Article 12~~ 1. ~~Member States shall take the measures necessary to comply with this Directive within three years of its notificationThis Directive was notified to the Member States on 3 July 1985.~~. 2. ~~Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.~~

~~Article 13~~ ~~The provisions of this Directive shall not affect the right of Member States to lay down stricter rules regarding scope and procedure when assessing environmental effects.~~

~~Article 14~~ ~~This Directive is addressed to the Member States.~~

~~null~~ ~~ANNEX I~~ ~~PROJECTS SUBJECT TO ARTICLE 4 (1)~~ 1. Crude-oil refineries (excluding undertakings manufacturing only lubricants from crude oil) and installations for the gasification and liquefaction of 500 tonnes or more of coal or bituminous shale per day. 2. ~~Thermal power stations and other combustion installations with a heat output of 300 megawatts or more, and~~ ~~nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactors including the dismantling or decommissioning of such power stations or reactors~~Nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactors cease to be such an installation when all nuclear fuel and other radioactively contaminated elements have been removed permanently from the installation site. ~~(except research installations for the production and conversion of fissionable and fertile materials, whose maximum power does not exceed 1 kilowatt continuous thermal load).~~ 3. ~~(a)Installations for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel.~~ ~~(b)Installations designed:~~ ~~for the production or enrichment of nuclear fuel,~~ ~~for the processing of irradiated nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste,~~ ~~for the final disposal of irradiated nuclear fuel,~~ ~~solely for the final disposal of radioactive waste,~~ ~~solely for the storage (planned for more than 10 years) of irradiated nuclear fuels or radioactive waste in a different site than the production site.~~ 4. ~~Integrated works for the initial smelting of cast-iron and steel;~~ ~~Installations for the production of non-ferrous crude metals from ore, concentrates or secondary raw materials by metallurgical, chemical or electrolytic processes.~~ 5. Installations for the extraction of asbestos and for the processing and transformation of asbestos and products containing asbestos: for asbestos-cement products, with an annual production of more than ~~20000~~ ~~tonnes of finished products, for friction material, with an annual production of more than 50 tonnes of finished products, and for other uses of asbestos, utilization of more than 200 tonnes per year.~~ 6. Integrated chemical installations, i.e. those installations for the manufacture on an industrial scale of substances using chemical conversion processes, in which several units are juxtaposed and are functionally linked to one another and which are: ~~(i)for the production of basic organic chemicals;~~ ~~(ii)for the production of basic inorganic chemicals;~~ ~~(iii)for the production of phosphorous-, nitrogen- or potassium-based fertilizers (simple or compound fertilizers);~~ ~~(iv)for the production of basic plant health products and of biocides;~~ ~~(v)for the production of basic pharmaceutical products using a chemical or biological process;~~ ~~(vi)for the production of explosives.~~ 7. ~~(a)Construction of lines for long-distance railway traffic and of airportsFor the purposes of this Directive, "airport" means airports which comply with the definition in the 1944 Chicago Convention setting up the International Civil Aviation Organization (Annex 14).~~ ~~with a basic runway length of~~ ~~2100~~ ~~m or more;~~ ~~(b)Construction of motorways and express roadsFor the purposes of the Directive, "express road" means a road which complies with the definition in the European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries of 15 November 1975.~~; ~~(c)~~Construction of a new road of four or more lanes, or realignment and/or widening of an existing road of two lanes or less so as to provide four or more lanes, where such new road, or realigned and/or widened section of road would be 10 km or more in a continuous length. 8. ~~(a)Inland waterways and ports for inland-waterway traffic which permit the passage of vessels of over~~ ~~1350~~ ~~tonnes;~~ ~~(b)Trading ports, piers for loading and unloading connected to land and outside ports (excluding ferry piers) which can take vessels of over~~ ~~1350~~ ~~tonnes.~~ 9. ~~Waste disposal installations for the incineration, chemical treatment as defined in Annex IIA to Directive 75/442/EECOJNo L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 39.~~ ~~Directive as last amended by Commission Decision 94/3/EC (OJ No L 5, 7.1.1994, p. 15~~). ~~under heading D9, or landfill of hazardous waste (i.e. waste to which Directive 91/689/EECOJ No L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 20. Directive as last amended by Directive 94/31/EC (OJ No L 168, 2.7.1994, p. 28~~). ~~applies).~~ ~~10.~~ Waste disposal installations for the incineration or chemical treatment as defined in Annex IIA to Directive 75/442/EEC under heading D9 of non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding 100 tonnes per day. ~~11.~~ ~~Groundwater abstraction or artificial groundwater recharge schemes where the annual volume of water abstracted or recharged is equivalent to or exceeds 10 million cubic metres.~~ ~~12.~~ ~~(a)~~Works for the transfer of water resources between river basins where this transfer aims at preventing possible shortages of water and where the amount of water transferred exceeds 100 million cubic metres/year; ~~(b)In all other cases, works for the transfer of water resources between river basins where the multi-annual average flow of the basin of abstraction exceeds~~ ~~2000~~ ~~million cubic metres/year and where the amount of water transferred exceeds 5 % of this flow.~~ ~~In both cases transfers of piped drinking water are excluded.~~ ~~13.~~ ~~Waste water treatment plants with a capacity exceeding~~ ~~150000~~ ~~population equivalent as defined in Article 2 point (6) of Directive 91/271/EECOJ No L 135, 30.5.1991, p. 40. Directive as last amended by the 1994 Act of Accession.~~. ~~14.~~ ~~Extraction of petroleum and natural gas for commercial purposes where the amount extracted exceeds 500 tonnes/day in the case of petroleum and~~ ~~500000~~ m3~~/day in the case of gas.~~ ~~15.~~ ~~Dams and other installations designed for the holding back or permanent storage of water, where a new or additional amount of water held back or stored exceeds 10 million cubic metres.~~ ~~16.~~ ~~Pipelines with a diameter of more than 800 mm and a length of more than 40 km:~~ ~~for the transport of gas, oil, chemicals, and,~~ ~~for the transport of carbon dioxide (CO~~2~~) streams for the purposes of geological storage, including associated booster stations.~~ ~~17.~~ ~~Installations for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs with more than:~~ ~~(a)85000~~ ~~places for broilers,~~ ~~60000~~ ~~places for hens;~~ ~~(b)3000~~ ~~places for production pigs (over 30 kg); or~~ ~~(c)900 places for sows.~~ ~~18.~~ ~~Industrial plants for the~~ ~~(a)production of pulp from timber or similar fibrous materials;~~ ~~(b)production of paper and board with a production capacity exceeding 200 tonnes per day.~~ ~~19.~~ ~~Quarries and open-cast mining where the surface of the site exceeds 25 hectares, or peat extraction, where the surface of the site exceeds 150 hectares.~~ ~~20.~~ ~~Construction of overhead electrical power lines with a voltage of 220 kV or more and a length of more than 15 km.~~ ~~21.~~ ~~Installations for storage of petroleum, petrochemical, or chemical products with a capacity of~~ ~~200000~~ ~~tonnes or more.~~ ~~22.~~ ~~Any change to or extension of projects listed in this Annex where such a change or extension in itself meets the thresholds, if any, set out in this Annex.~~ ~~23.~~ ~~Storage sites pursuant to Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of~~ ~~23 April 2009~~ ~~on the geological storage of carbon dioxideOJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 114~~.. ~~24.~~ ~~Installations for the capture of CO~~2 ~~streams for the purposes of geological storage pursuant to Directive 2009/31/EC from installations covered by this Annex, or where the total yearly capture of CO~~2 ~~is 1,5 megatonnes or more.~~ ~~ANNEX II~~ ~~PROJECTS SUBJECT TO ARTICLE 4 (2)~~ 1.~~Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture~~ ~~(a)Projects for the restructuring of rural land holdings;~~ ~~(b)Projects for the use of uncultivated land or semi-natural areas for intensive agricultural purposes;~~ ~~(c)Water management projects for agriculture, including irrigation and land drainage projects;~~ ~~(d)Initial afforestation and deforestation for the purposes of conversion to another type of land use;~~ ~~(e)Intensive livestock installations (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(f)Intensive fish farming;~~ ~~(g)Reclamation of land from the sea.~~ 2.~~Extractive industry~~ ~~(a)Quarries, open-cast mining and peat extraction (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(b)Underground mining;~~ ~~(c)Extraction of minerals by marine or fluvial dredging;~~ ~~(d)Deep drillings, in particular:~~ ~~geothermal drilling,~~ ~~drilling for the storage of nuclear waste material,~~ ~~drilling for water supplies,with the exception of drillings for investigating the stability of the soil;~~ ~~(e)Surface industrial installations for the extraction of coal, petroleum, natural gas and ores, as well as bituminous shale.~~ 3.~~Energy industry~~ ~~(a)Industrial installations for the production of electricity, steam and hot water (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(b)Industrial installations for carrying gas, steam and hot water; transmission of electrical energy by overhead cables (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(c)Surface storage of natural gas;~~ ~~(d)Underground storage of combustible gases;~~ ~~(e)Surface storage of fossil fuels;~~ ~~(f)Industrial briquetting of coal and lignite;~~ ~~(g)Installations for the processing and storage of radioactive waste (unless included in Annex I);~~ ~~(h)Installations for hydroelectric energy production;~~ ~~(i)Installations for the harnessing of wind power for energy production (wind farms);~~ ~~(j)Installations for the capture of CO~~2 ~~streams for the purposes of geological storage pursuant to Directive 2009/31/EC from installations not covered by Annex I to this Directive.~~ 4.~~Production and processing of metals~~ ~~(a)Installations for the production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion) including continuous casting;~~ ~~(b)Installations for the processing of ferrous metals:~~ ~~(i)hot-rolling mills;~~ ~~(ii)smitheries with hammers;~~ ~~(iii)application of protective fused metal coats;~~ ~~(c)Ferrous metal foundries;~~ ~~(d)Installations for the smelting, including the alloyage, of non-ferrous metals, excluding precious metals, including recovered products (refining, foundry casting, etc.);~~ ~~(e)Installations for surface treatment of metals and plastic materials using an electrolytic or chemical process;~~ ~~(f)Manufacture and assembly of motor vehicles and manufacture of motor-vehicle engines;~~ ~~(g)Shipyards;~~ ~~(h)Installations for the construction and repair of aircraft;~~ ~~(i)Manufacture of railway equipment;~~ ~~(j)Swaging by explosives;~~ ~~(k)Installations for the roasting and sintering of metallic ores.~~ 5.~~Mineral industry~~ ~~(a)Coke ovens (dry coal distillation);~~ ~~(b)Installations for the manufacture of cement;~~ ~~(c)Installations for the production of asbestos and the manufacture of asbestos-products (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(d)Installations for the manufacture of glass including glass fibre;~~ ~~(e)Installations for smelting mineral substances including the production of mineral fibres;~~ ~~(f)Manufacture of ceramic products by burning, in particular roofing tiles, bricks, refractory bricks, tiles, stoneware or porcelain.~~ 6.~~Chemical industry (Projects not included in Annex I)~~ ~~(a)Treatment of intermediate products and production of chemicals;~~ ~~(b)Production of pesticides and pharmaceutical products, paint and varnishes, elastomers and peroxides;~~ ~~(c)Storage facilities for petroleum, petrochemical and chemical products.~~ 7.~~Food industry~~ ~~(a)Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats;~~ ~~(b)Packing and canning of animal and vegetable products;~~ ~~(c)Manufacture of dairy products;~~ ~~(d)Brewing and malting;~~ ~~(e)Confectionery and syrup manufacture;~~ ~~(f)Installations for the slaughter of animals;~~ ~~(g)Industrial starch manufacturing installations;~~ ~~(h)Fish-meal and fish-oil factories;~~ ~~(i)Sugar factories.~~ 8.~~Textile, leather, wood and paper industries~~ ~~(a)Industrial plants for the production of paper and board (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(b)Plants for the pretreatment (operations such as washing, bleaching, mercerization) or dyeing of fibres or textiles;~~ ~~(c)Plants for the tanning of hides and skins;~~ ~~(d)Cellulose-processing and production installations.~~ 9.~~Rubber industry~~ ~~Manufacture and treatment of elastomer-based products.~~ ~~10.Infrastructure projects~~ ~~(a)Industrial estate development projects;~~ ~~(b)Urban development projects, including the construction of shopping centres and car parks;~~ ~~(c)Construction of railways and intermodal transshipment facilities, and of intermodal terminals (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(d)Construction of airfields (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(e)Construction of roads, harbours and port installations, including fishing harbours (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(f)Inland-waterway construction not included in Annex I, canalization and flood-relief works;~~ ~~(g)Dams and other installations designed to hold water or store it on a long-term basis (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(h)Tramways, elevated and underground railways, suspended lines or similar lines of a particular type, used exclusively or mainly for passenger transport;~~ ~~(i)Oil and gas pipeline installations and pipelines for the transport of CO~~2 ~~streams for the purposes of geological storage (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(j)Installations of long-distance aqueducts;~~ ~~(k)~~Coastal work to combat erosion and maritime works capable of altering the coast through the construction, for example, of dykes, moles, jetties and other sea defence works, excluding the maintenance and reconstruction of such works; ~~(l)Groundwater abstraction and artificial groundwater recharge schemes not included in Annex I;~~ ~~(m)Works for the transfer of water resources between river basins not included in Annex I.~~ ~~11.Other projects~~ ~~(a)Permanent racing and test tracks for motorized vehicles;~~ ~~(b)Installations for the disposal of waste (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(c)Waste-water treatment plants (projects not included in Annex I);~~ ~~(d)Sludge-deposition sites;~~ ~~(e)Storage of scrap iron, including scrap vehicles;~~ ~~(f)Test benches for engines, turbines or reactors;~~ ~~(g)Installations for the manufacture of artificial mineral fibres;~~ ~~(h)Installations for the recovery or destruction of explosive substances;~~ ~~(i)Knackers' yards.~~ ~~12.Tourism and leisure~~ ~~(a)Ski-runs, ski-lifts and cable-cars and associated developments;~~ ~~(b)Marinas;~~ ~~(c)Holiday villages and hotel complexes outside urban areas and associated developments;~~ ~~(d)Permanent camp sites and caravan sites;~~ ~~(e)Theme parks.~~ ~~13.~~ Any change or extension of projects listed in Annex I or Annex II, already authorized, executed or in the process of being executed, which may have significant adverse effects on the environment(change or extension not included in Annex I); ~~Projects in Annex I, undertaken exclusively or mainly for the development and testing of new methods or products and not used for more than two years.~~ ~~ANNEX III~~ ~~SELECTION CRITERIA REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4 (3)~~ 1.~~Characteristics of projects~~ ~~The characteristics of projects must be considered having regard, in particular, to:~~ ~~the size of the project,~~ ~~the cumulation with other projects,~~ ~~the use of natural resources,~~ ~~the production of waste,~~ ~~pollution and nuisances,~~ ~~the risk of accidents, having regard in particular to substances or technologies used.~~ 2.~~Location of projects~~ ~~The environmental sensitivity of geographical areas likely to be affected by projects must be considered, having regard, in particular, to:~~ ~~the existing land use,~~ ~~the relative abundance, quality and regenerative capacity of natural resources in the area,~~ ~~the absorption capacity of the natural environment, paying particular attention to the following areas:~~ ~~(a)wetlands;~~ ~~(b)coastal zones;~~ ~~(c)mountain and forest areas;~~ ~~(d)nature reserves and parks;~~ ~~(e)areas classified or protected under Member States' legislation; special protection areas designated by Member States pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC;~~ ~~(f)areas in which the environmental quality standards laid down in Community legislation have already been exceeded;~~ ~~(g)densely populated areas;~~ ~~(h)landscapes of historical, cultural or archaeological significance.~~ 3.~~Characteristics of the potential impact~~ ~~The potential significant effects of projects must be considered in relation to criteria set out under 1 and 2 above, and having regard in particular to:~~ ~~the extent of the impact (geographical area and size of the affected population),~~ ~~the transfrontier nature of the impact,~~ ~~the magnitude and complexity of the impact,~~ ~~the probability of the impact,~~ ~~the duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact.~~ ~~ANNEX IV~~ ~~INFORMATION REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5 (1)~~ 1.~~Description of the project, including in particular:~~ ~~a description of the physical characteristics of the whole project and the land-use requirements during the construction and operational phases,~~ ~~a description of the main characteristics of the production processes, for instance, nature and quantity of the materials used,~~ an estimate, by type and quantity, of expected residues and emissions (water, air and soil pollution, noise, vibration, light, heat, radiation, etc.) resulting from the operation of the proposed project. 2.~~An outline of the main alternatives studied by the developer and an indication of the main reasons for this choice, taking into account the environmental effects.~~ 3.A description of the aspects of the environment likely to be significantly affected by the proposed project, including, in particular, population, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, including the architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the inter-relationship between the above factors. 4.~~A descriptionThis description should cover the direct effects and any indirect, secondary, cumulative, short, medium and long-term, permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects of the project.~~ ~~of the likely significant effects of the proposed project on the environment resulting from:~~ ~~the existence of the project,~~ ~~the use of natural resources,~~ ~~the emission of pollutants, the creation of nuisances and the elimination of waste,and the description by the developer of the forecasting methods used to assess the effects on the environment.~~ 5.~~A description of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and where possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment.~~ 6.~~A non-technical summary of the information provided under the above headings.~~ 7.~~An indication of any difficulties (technical deficiencies or lack of know-how) encountered by the developer in compiling the required information.~~

Council Directive 85/337/EEC of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment