Council Directive 64/432/EEC of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine
Modified by
  • Council Directiveof 25 October 1966amending the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(66/600/EEC)Council Directive No 66/600/EEC of 25 October 1966 amending the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(Official Journal of the European Communities, No 192, p. 3294/66), 31966L060031966L0600R(01), October 27, 1966
  • Council Directiveof 13 July 1970extending the period set in Article 7 (1) (C) of the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(70/360/EEC), 31970L0360, July 18, 1970
  • Council Directiveof 19 July 1971amending the Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(71/285/EEC)Council Directive No 71/285/EEC of 19 July 1971 amending the Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(Official Journal of the European Communities, No L 179, p. 1)Corrigendum to Council Directive No 71/285/EEC of 19 July 1971 amending the Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(Official Journal of the European Communities, No L 179 of 9 August 1971), 31971L028531971L0285R(04)31971L0285R(03), August 9, 1971
  • Council Directiveof 7 February 1972extending the period set in Article 7 (1) (C) of the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(72/97/EEC), 31972L0097, February 12, 1972
  • Actconcerning the Conditions of Accession and the Adjustments to the TreatiesCouncil Decision of the European Communitiesof 1 January 1973adjusting the instruments concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Communities, 11972B31973D0101(01), March 27, 1972
  • Council Decision of the European Communitiesof 1 January 1973adjusting the instruments concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Communities, 31973D0101(01), January 1, 1973
  • Council Directiveof 28 December 1972amending the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, in consequence of the Accession of new Member States to the Community(72/445/EEC), 31972L0445, December 31, 1972
  • Council Directiveof 12 December 1972on health and veterinary inspection problems upon importation of bovine animals and swine and fresh meat from third countries(72/462/EEC), 31972L0462, December 31, 1972
  • Council Directiveof 5 June 1973amending the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(73/150/EEC), 31973L0150, June 28, 1973
  • Council Directiveof 15 July 1974amending Directives No 64/432/EEC, No 64/433/EEC, No 71/118/EEC, No 72/461/EEC and No 72/462/EEC on the validity of the procedures of the Standing Veterinary Committee(74/387/EEC), 31974L0387, July 24, 1974
  • Council Directiveof 24 June 1975amending Directives No 64/432/EEC, No 64/433/EEC, No 71/118/EEC, No 72/461/EEC and No 72/462/EEC as regards the validity of the procedures of the Standing Veterinary Committee(75/379/EEC), 31975L0379, July 3, 1975
  • Council Directiveof 21 December 1976amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 72/461/EEC and 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary problems(77/98/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 77/98/EEC of 21 December 1976 amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 72/461/EEC and 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary problems(Official Journal of the European Communities, No L 26 of 31 January 1977), 31977L009831977L0098R(01), January 31, 1977
  • Council Directiveof 24 January 1979amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards brucellosis(79/109/EEC), 31979L0109, February 3, 1979
  • Council Directiveof 24 January 1979amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards brucellosis and prolonging, in respect of brucellosis, tuberculosis and swine fever, certain derogation measures granted to Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom(79/111/EEC), 31979L0111, February 3, 1979
  • Actconcerning the conditions of accession of the Hellenic Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties, 11979H, November 19, 1979
  • Council Directiveof 22 January 1980amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards tuberculosis and brucellosis(80/219/EEC), 31980L0219, February 21, 1980
  • Council Directiveof 11 November 1980amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to swine vesicular disease and classical swine fever(80/1098/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 80/1098/EEC of 11 November 1980amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to swine vesicular disease and classical swine fever(Official Journal of the European Communities No L 325 of 1 December 1980), 31980L109831980L1098R(01), December 1, 1980
  • Council Directiveof 11 November 1980amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to enzootic bovine leukosis(80/1102/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 80/1102/EEC of 11 November 1980 amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to enzootic bovine leukosis(Official Journal of the European Communities No L 325 of 1 December 1980)Council Directiveof 19 December 1985amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the arrangements in relation to enzootic bovine leukosis as laid down by Directive 80/1102/EEC(85/571/EEC), 31980L110231980L1102R(02)31985L0571, December 1, 1980
  • Council Directiveof 19 December 1985amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the arrangements in relation to enzootic bovine leukosis as laid down by Directive 80/1102/EEC(85/571/EEC), 31985L0571, December 31, 1985
  • Council Directiveof 22 December 1980amending, consequent on the accession of Greece, Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine and Directive 80/217/EEC introducing Community measures for the control of classical swine fever(80/1274/EEC), 31980L1274, December 31, 1980
  • Council Directiveof 24 June 1981amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 64/433/EEC, 71/118/EEC, 72/461/EEC, 72/462/EEC, 77/96/EEC, 77/99/EEC, 77/391/EEC, 80/215/EEC, 80/217/EEC and 80/1095/EEC as regards the procedures of the Standing Veterinary Committee(81/476/EEC), 31981L0476, July 8, 1981
  • Council Directiveof 26 January 1982amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the period of validity of the derogations relating to brucellosis guarantees in trade in certain bovine animals as provided for in point E of Article 7 (1) thereof(82/61/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 82/61/EEC of 26 January 1982 amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the period of validity of the derogations relating to brucellosis guarantees in trade in certain bovine animals as provided for in point E of Article 7 (1) thereof(Official Journal of the European Communities No L 29 of 6 February 1982), 31982L006131982L0061R(01), February 6, 1982
  • Council Directiveof 21 December 1982amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease(82/893/EEC), 31982L0893, December 31, 1982
  • Council Directiveof 13 December 1983amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease(83/646/EEC), 31983L0646, December 23, 1983
  • Council Directiveof 19 June 1984amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease(84/336/EEC), 31984L0336, July 4, 1984
  • Council Directiveof 11 December 1984amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease(84/643/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 84/643/EEC of 11 December 1984 amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease(Official Journal of the European Communities No L 339 of 27 December 1984), 31984L064331984L0643R(01), December 27, 1984
  • Council Directiveof 11 December 1984amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards brucellosis in respect of the buffered brucella antigen test, the micro-agglutination test and the milk ring test as applied to samples of milk(84/644/EEC)Corrigendum to Council Directive 84/644/EEC of 11 December 1984 amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards brucellosis in respect of the buffered brucella antigen test, the micro-agglutination test and the milk ring test as applied to samples of milk(Official Journal of the European Communities No L 339 of 27 December 1984), 31984L064431984L0644R(01), December 27, 1984
  • Council Directiveof 12 June 1985amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards certain measures relating to classical swine fever and African swine fever(85/320/EEC), 31985L0320, June 28, 1985
  • Council Directiveof 20 December 1985introducing technical adjustments, on account of the accession of Spain and Portugal, to Directives 64/432/EEC, 64/433/EEC, 77/99/EEC, 77/504/EEC, 80/217/EEC and 80/1095/EEC relating to the veterinary field(85/586/EEC), 31985L0586, December 31, 1985
  • Council Regulation (EEC) No 3768/85of 20 December 1985adapting, on account of the accession of Spain and Portugal, certain agricultural acts as regards the voting procedure of the Committees, 31985R3768, December 31, 1985
  • Council Decisionof 7 April 1987amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to swine fever(87/231/EEC), 31987D0231, April 11, 1987
  • Council Directiveof 22 September 1987amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to swine fever(87/489/EEC), 31987L0489, October 3, 1987
  • Council Directiveof 14 June 1988amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards enzootic bovine leukosis and repealing Directive 80/ 1102/EEC(88/406/EEC), 31988L0406, July 22, 1988
  • Council Directiveof 30 May 1989amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards administrative areas and a cessation of serological testing for brucellosis in certain types of swine(89/360/EEC), 31989L0360, June 6, 1989
  • Council Directiveof 11 December 1989concerning veterinary checks in intra-Community trade with a view to the completion of the internal market(89/662/EEC), 31989L0662, December 30, 1989
  • Council Directiveof 26 June 1990amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards enzootic bovine leukosis(90/422/EEC), 31990L0422, August 18, 1990
  • Council Directiveof 26 June 1990amending Directive 85/511/EEC introducing Community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease, Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine and Directive 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary inspection problems upon importation of bovine animals and swine and fresh meat or meat products from third countries(90/423/EEC), 31990L0423, August 18, 1990
  • Council Directiveof 26 June 1990concerning veterinary and zootechnical checks applicable in intra-Community trade in certain live animals and products with a view to the completion of the internal market(90/425/EEC), 31990L0425, August 18, 1990
  • Council Directiveof 26 June 1991amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis and enzootic bovine leukosis(91/499/EEC), 31991L0499, September 24, 1991
  • Council Directiveof 11 December 1991amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 72/461/EEC and 80/215/EEC as regards certain measures relating to swine-fever(91/687/EEC), 31991L0687, December 31, 1991
  • Council Directive 92/65/EECof 13 July 1992laying down animal health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of animals, semen, ova and embryos not subject to animal health requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A (I) to Directive 90/425/EEC, 31992L0065, September 14, 1992
  • Council Directive 92/102/EECof 27 November 1992on the identification and registration of animals, 31992L0102, December 5, 1992
  • Council Directive 94/42/ECof 27 July 1994amending Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31994L0042, August 4, 1994
  • Actconcerning the conditions of accession of the Kingdom of Norway, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded(94/C 241/08)Decision of the Council of the European Unionof 1 January 1995adjusting the instruments concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Union(95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC), 11994N31995D0001, August 29, 1994
  • Decision of the Council of the European Unionof 1 January 1995adjusting the instruments concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Union(95/1/EC, Euratom, ECSC), 31995D0001, January 1, 1995
  • Council Directive 95/25/ECof 22 June 1995amending Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31995L0025, October 11, 1995
  • Council Directive 97/12/ECof 17 March 1997amending and updating Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swineCouncil Directive 98/99/ECof 14 December 1998amending Directive 97/12/EC amending and updating Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31997L001231998L0099, April 25, 1997
  • Council Directive 98/99/ECof 14 December 1998amending Directive 97/12/EC amending and updating Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31998L0099, December 31, 1998
  • Council Directive 98/46/ECof 24 June 1998amending Annexes A, D (Chapter I) and F to Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31998L0046, July 15, 1998
  • Directive 2000/15/EC of the European Parliament and the Councilof 10 April 2000amending Council Directive 64/432/EEC on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 32000L0015, May 3, 2000
  • Directive 2000/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 16 May 2000amending Council Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 32000L0020, July 4, 2000
  • Commission Decisionof 30 March 2001amending the Annexes to Council Directives 64/432/EEC, 90/426/EEC, 91/68/EEC and 92/65/EEC and to Commission Decision 94/273/EC as regards the protection of animals during transport(notified under document number C(2001) 965)(Text with EEA relevance)(2001/298/EC), 32001D0298, April 12, 2001
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 535/2002of 21 March 2002amending Annex C to Council Directive 64/432/EEC and amending Decision 2000/330/EC, 32002R0535, March 23, 2002
  • Commission Regulation (EC) No 1226/2002of 8 July 2002amending Annex B to Council Directive 64/432/EEC, 32002R1226, July 9, 2002
  • Actconcerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, 12003T, September 23, 2003
  • Council Regulation (EC) No 21/2004of 17 December 2003establishing a system for the identification and registration of ovine and caprine animals and amending Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003 and Directives 92/102/EEC and 64/432/EEC, 32004R0021, January 9, 2004
  • Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005of 22 December 2004on the protection of animals during transport and related operations and amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 93/119/EC and Regulation (EC) No 1255/97, 32005R0001, January 5, 2005
  • Commission Decisionof 5 December 2006amending Council Directives 64/432/EEC, 90/539/EEC, 92/35/EEC, 92/119/EEC, 93/53/EEC, 95/70/EC, 2000/75/EC, 2001/89/EC, 2002/60/EC and Decision 2001/618/EC as regards lists of national reference laboratories and State institutes(notified under document number C(2006) 5856)(Text with EEA relevance)(2006/911/EC), 32006D0911, December 9, 2006
  • Council Directive 2006/104/ECof 20 November 2006adapting certain Directives in the field of agriculture (veterinary and phytosanitary legislation), by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania, 32006L0104, December 20, 2006
  • Commission Decisionof 7 November 2007amending Council Directives 64/432/EEC, 90/539/EEC, 92/35/EEC, 92/119/EEC, 93/53/EEC, 95/70/EC, 2000/75/EC, 2001/89/EC, 2002/60/EC, and Decisions 2001/618/EC and 2004/233/EC as regards lists of national reference laboratories and State institutes(notified under document number C(2007) 5311)(Text with EEA relevance)(2007/729/EC), 32007D0729, November 13, 2007
  • Council Directive 2008/73/ECof 15 July 2008simplifying procedures of listing and publishing information in the veterinary and zootechnical fields and amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 77/504/EEC, 88/407/EEC, 88/661/EEC, 89/361/EEC, 89/556/EEC, 90/426/EEC, 90/427/EEC, 90/428/EEC, 90/429/EEC, 90/539/EEC, 91/68/EEC, 91/496/EEC, 92/35/EEC, 92/65/EEC, 92/66/EEC, 92/119/EEC, 94/28/EC, 2000/75/EC, Decision 2000/258/EC and Directives 2001/89/EC, 2002/60/EC and 2005/94/EC(Text with EEA relevance), 32008L0073, August 14, 2008
  • Commission Decisionof 10 December 2008amending Annex C to Council Directive 64/432/EEC and Decision 2004/226/EC as regards diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis(notified under document number C(2008) 7642)(Text with EEA relevance)(2008/984/EC)Corrigendum to Commission Decision 2008/984/EC of 10 December 2008 amending Annex C to Council Directive 64/432/EEC and Decision 2004/226/EC as regards diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis(Official Journal of the European Union L 352 of 31 December 2008), 32008D098432008D0984R(01), December 31, 2008
  • Commission Decisionof 15 December 2009amending Annex D to Council Directive 64/432/EEC as regards diagnostic tests for enzootic bovine leukosis(notified under document C(2009) 9951)(Text with EEA relevance)(2009/976/EU), 32009D0976, December 18, 2009
  • Council Directive 2013/20/EUof 13 May 2013adapting certain directives in the field of food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia, 32013L0020, June 10, 2013
  • Directive 2014/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 15 May 2014amending Council Directive 64/432/EEC as regards computer databases which are part of the surveillance networks in the Member States, 32014L0064, June 27, 2014
Corrected by
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive No 64/432/EEC of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31964L0432R(04), January 1, 1973
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive No 64/432/EEC of 26 June 1964 on health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31964L0432R(03), May 13, 1975
  • Council Directive No 66/600/EEC of 25 October 1966 amending the Council Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31966L0600R(01), January 1, 1973
  • Council Directive No 71/285/EEC of 19 July 1971 amending the Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31971L0285R(04), January 1, 1973
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive No 71/285/EEC of 19 July 1971 amending the Directive of 26 June 1964 on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine, 31971L0285R(03), May 13, 1975
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 77/98/EEC of 21 December 1976 amending Directives 64/432/EEC, 72/461/EEC and 72/462/EEC on health and veterinary problems, 31977L0098R(01), March 10, 1977
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 80/1098/EEC of 11 November 1980amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to swine vesicular disease and classical swine fever, 31980L1098R(01), February 24, 1981
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 80/1102/EEC of 11 November 1980 amending Directive 64/432/EEC with regard to enzootic bovine leukosis, 31980L1102R(02), November 17, 1981
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 82/61/EEC of 26 January 1982 amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards the period of validity of the derogations relating to brucellosis guarantees in trade in certain bovine animals as provided for in point E of Article 7 (1) thereof, 31982L0061R(01), July 2, 1982
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 84/643/EEC of 11 December 1984 amending Directives 64/432/EEC and 72/461/EEC as regards certain measures relating to foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease, 31984L0643R(01), May 22, 1985
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive 84/644/EEC of 11 December 1984 amending Directive 64/432/EEC as regards brucellosis in respect of the buffered brucella antigen test, the micro-agglutination test and the milk ring test as applied to samples of milk, 31984L0644R(01), February 13, 1985
  • Corrigendum to Commission Decision 2008/984/EC of 10 December 2008 amending Annex C to Council Directive 64/432/EEC and Decision 2004/226/EC as regards diagnostic tests for bovine brucellosis, 32008D0984R(01), January 15, 2009
Council Directiveof 26 June 1964on animal health problems affecting intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine(64/432/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Articles 43 and 100 thereof;Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;Having regard to the Opinion of the European ParliamentOJ No 61, 19.4.1963, p. 1254/63.;Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social CommitteeOJ No 121, 29.7.1964, p. 2009/64.;Whereas Council Regulation No 20 on the progressive establishment of a common organisation of the market in pigmeatOJ No 30, 20.4.1962, p. 945/62. is already in force and a similar regulation is to be adopted for beef and veal and whereas these regulations also concern trade in live animals;Whereas Regulation No 20 substitutes for the numerous traditional means of protection at the frontier a single system designed in particular to facilitate intra-Community trade; whereas the regulation to be adopted for beef and veal is also designed to eliminate obstacles to such trade;Whereas, so long as intra-Community trade in bovine animals and swine is hindered by differences between the health requirements of Member States, the implementation of the above-mentioned regulations will not have the desired effect;Whereas, to eliminate those differences, measures must be taken within the framework of the common agricultural policy and in line with regulations already adopted or in preparation on the progressive establishment of a common organisation of markets; whereas the animal health provisions of Member States must therefore be approximated;Whereas the right of Member States under Article 36 of the Treaty to continue to apply prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of the protection of health and life of humans and animals nevertheless does not exempt them from the obligation to approximate the provisions on which those prohibitions and restrictions are based, in so far as the differences between those provisions hinder the implementation and functioning of the common agricultural policy;Whereas, in the context of such approximation, the exporting country must be required to ensure that bovine animals and swine for breeding, production or slaughter intended for intra-Community trade, the places from which those animals come and are shipped and the means of transport used satisfy certain animal health requirements so as to ensure that the animals are not a source of contagious or infectious disease;Whereas, so that Member States may be sure that these requirements are satisfied, provision must be made for the issue by an official veterinarian of a health certificate which will accompany the animals to their destination;Whereas Member States must have the right to prohibit the introduction into their territory of bovine animals and swine if they are found to be suffering or are suspected of suffering from a contagious or infectious disease, if they may spread such disease without actually suffering from it or if they do not comply with Community animal health provisions;Whereas there is no reason to allow Member States to prohibit the introduction of bovine animals and swine into their territory for reasons other than those of animal health and whereas, therefore, the consignor should at his own request or upon request of his representative be allowed to return the animals to the country of export unless there are reasons to the contrary;Whereas, in case of prohibition or restriction, the reasons therefor should be made known to the consignor of the animals or his representative and to the competent central authority of the country of export so that they be aware of the reasons why such measures were imposed;Whereas in the event of dispute between himself and the authority of the Member State of destination as to the justification for prohibition or restriction, the consignor should be enabled to obtain the opinion of a veterinary expert whom he may select from a panel drawn up by the Commission;Whereas in some cases and for certain categories of animals it appears that the general provisions of this Directive may be relaxed without involving any health risk, by allowing consignee Member States to grant general or special derogations;Whereas, in certain fields presenting special problems, the provisions in Member States cannot be approximated until a more thorough study has been made;Whereas a simplified amendement procedure may be provided for Annexes B to D since the rules contained in those Annexes are of a technical nature and liable to change; whereas the Commission should therefore be entrusted with making such amendments after consulting the Member States;HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
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