Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1194 of 11 July 2022 establishing measures to eradicate and prevent the spread of Clavibacter sepedonicus (Spieckermann & Kotthoff 1914) Nouioui et al. 2018
(1) "specified pest" means Clavibacter sepedonicus (Spieckermann & Kotthoff 1914) Nouiouiet al. 2018;(2) "specified plants" means plants of Solanum tuberosum L., other than seeds;(3) "volunteer specified plants" means specified plants which appear in the places of production without having been planted; (4) "tubers intended to be planted in their place of production" means tubers produced in a specific place of production which are intended to permanently remain in that place and are not intended to be certified; (5) "highly infected area" means an area in the Union, where the number of outbreak sites identified during annual surveys during a continuous period of more than 10 years have demonstrated that the specified pest is present in multiple locations, and where it cannot be excluded that that pest is also present in production sites which are not under official supervision.
(a) as regards tubers other than those for planting, the surveys shall comprise: (i) sampling from tuber lots in store or from the growing crop, as late as possible between desiccation of haulms and harvest; (ii) visual inspection of the growing crop, where it is possible to visually identify symptoms of the specified pest, and visual inspection of cut tubers in the cases where that inspection is suitable to detect symptoms of the specified pest;
(b) as regards tubers for planting, other than those intended to be planted in their place of production, surveys shall systematically comprise visual inspection of the growing crops and of lots in store, sampling in store or sampling from the growing crops as late as possible between desiccation of haulms and harvest; (c) as regards tubers intended to be planted in their place of production, the surveys shall be performed on the basis of the identified risk concerning the presence of the specified pest and shall comprise: (i) sampling from tuber lots in store or from the growing crop, as late as possible between desiccation of haulms and harvest; (ii) visual inspection of the growing crop, where it is possible to visually identify symptoms of the specified pest, and visual inspection of cut tubers in the cases where that inspection is suitable to detect symptoms of the specified pest;
(d) as regards specified plants other than tubers, the surveys and plant sampling shall be carried out in accordance with appropriate methods to identify the specified pest on those plants.
(a) prohibit the movement of the specified plants from all crops, lots or consignments from which the samples have been taken, except the specified plants under its control for which it has been established that there is no identifiable risk of the specified pest spreading; (b) trace the origin of the suspected presence; (c) carry out official control of the movement of any specified plants, other than those referred to in point (a), produced on the place of production from which the samples referred to in point (a) were taken.
(a) all remaining tubers sampled and, wherever possible, all remaining plants sampled; (b) remaining specified plant extracts, DNA extracts and additional prepared material for the test; (c) the pure culture when appropriate; (d) all relevant documentation.
(a) the specified plants, consignments and/or lots, vehicles, vessels, stores, or units thereof from which an infected specified plant sample was taken, any other objects including packaging material, and the machinery used for production, transport and storage of those specified plants, and, where appropriate, the place(s) of production or the production site(s) where those specified plants were grown or harvested; (b) all types of items listed in point (a) determined to be probably infected by the specified pest, taking into account the elements listed in point 2 of Annex III, through pre- or post-harvest contacts, or through simultaneous production steps, with infected specified plants.
(a) the items listed in paragraph 4, point (a), as infected; (b) the items listed in paragraph 4, point (b), as probably infected.
(a) the material specified in Article 4(3) until at least the completion of all tests; (b) the material related to the second detection test and to the identification tests when appropriate, until the completion of all tests; (c) if applicable, the pure culture of the specified pest, until at least one month after the notification procedure under paragraph 7.
(a) they are accompanied by a plant passport; (b) they originate from a place of production registered and supervised by the competent authorities, and officially recognized to be free from the specified pest; or they have been found free from the specified pest on the basis of sampling and testing performed in accordance with Annex I.
(a) where the first detection test is a selective isolation resulting in colonies with typical morphology: positive results are obtained in two identification tests; (b) where the first detection test is another test than a selective isolation: (i) positive results are obtained in two identification tests after the sample has been subject to selective isolation; (ii) positive results are obtained in a second detection test other than a selective isolation.
(a) where a positive result is obtained in the second detection test provided that the first or the second detection test is a molecular (DNA-based) test (TaqMan® Real-time PCR or conventional PCR); (b) for samples taken in a Member State or in an area of a Member State where the specified pest is not known to occur and for samples which originate from another Member State: where a positive result is obtained in the second detection test in accordance with point (a) and positive results are obtained in two identification tests performed after the sample has been subject to selective isolation.
(a) immunofluorescence tests, as described in international diagnostic standards; (b) FISH test (van Beuningen et al. (1995)van Beuningen, A.R., Derks, H., Janse, J.D. (1995). Detection and identification of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus with special attention to fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using a 16S rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probe.Züchtungs Forschung 1, pp. 266–269.(c) Isolation as described in international diagnostic standards. One of the following two options shall be performed: (i) direct isolation on semi-selective (or non-selective) growth media, as described in international diagnostic standards; (ii) after enrichment through the bioassay, isolation as described in international diagnostic standards;
(d) conventional PCR test using the primers of Pastrik (2000) Pastrik, K.H. (2000). Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato tubers by multiplex PCR with coamplification of host DNA.European Journal of Plant Pathology , 106, pp. 155–165.(e) TaqMan® Real-time PCR tests using primers and probes of: (i) Schaad et al . (1999)Schaad, W., Berthier-Schaad, Y., Sechler, A., Knorr, D (1999). Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato tubers by BIOPCR and an automated real-time fluorescence detection system.Plant Disease 83, pp. 1095–1100.(ii) Vreeburg et al. (2018)Vreeburg, R., Zendman, A., Pol A., Verheij, E., Nas, M., Kooman-Gersmann, M. (2018). Validation of four real-time TaqMan PCRs for the detection of Ralstonia solanacearum and/orRalstonia pseudosolanacearum and/orClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato tubers using a statistical regression approach.EPPO Bulletin 48, pp. 86–96.(iii) Gudmestad et al . (2009) as adapted by Vreeburget al . (2018)4 , as described in international diagnostic standards;(iv) Massart et al . (2014)Massart, S., Nagy, C., Jijakli, M.H. (2014). Development of the simultaneous detection of Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 andClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus in potato tubers by a multiplex real-time PCR assay.European Journal of Plant Pathology 138, pp. 29–37.
(a) an immunofluorescence test, as described in international diagnostic standards; (b) conventional PCR test (Pastrik (2000)), as described in international diagnostic standards; (c) TaqMan® Real-time PCR tests using primers and probes of: (i) Schaad et al . (1999), as described in international diagnostic standards;(ii) Vreeburg et al. (2018) (so-called NYtor test), as described in international diagnostic standards;(iii) Gudmestad et al . (2009) as adapted by Vreeburget al . (2018), as described in international diagnostic standards;(iv) Massart et al . (2014), as described in international diagnostic standards;
(d) DNA barcoding, as described in international diagnostic standards; (e) MALDI-TOF MS (Zaluga et al . (2011)Zaluga, J., Heylen, K., Van Hoorde, K., Hoste, B., Vaerenbergh, J., Maes, M., De Vos, P. (2011). GyrB sequence analysis and MALDI-TOF MS as identification tools for plant pathogenic Clavibacter .Systematic and applied microbiology 34, 400-7. 10.1016/j.syapm.2011.05.001.
(a) the proximity of other places of production growing specified plants or other host plants; (b) the common production and use of seed potato stocks.
(a) specified plants grown at a place of production designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a); (b) place(s) of production with some production link to the specified plants designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a), including those sharing production equipment and facilities directly or through a common contractor; (c) specified plants produced in the place(s) of production referred to in point (b), or present in such place(s) of production during the period when specified plants designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a), were present on the place of production referred to in point (a); (d) premises handling specified plants from the places of production referred to in points (a), (b) and (c); (e) any machinery, vehicle, vessel, store, or units thereof, and any other objects including packaging material, that may have come into contact with the specified plants designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a); (f) any specified plants stored in, or in contact with, any of the structures or objects listed in point (e), prior to the cleaning and disinfection of such structures and objects; (g) as a result of the testing pursuant to Article 7, those specified plants with a clonal relationship to the specified plants designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a), and for which, although they may have tested negative for the specified pest, it appears that infection is probable through a clonal link. Variety testing may be undertaken to verify the identity of the infected and clonally related tubers or plants; (h) place(s) of production of the specified plants referred to in point (g).
(a) use as animal feed after heat treatment, such that there is no risk of the specified pest survival; (b) disposal at an officially approved dedicated waste disposal site at which there is no identifiable risk of escape of the specified pest into the environment e.g. through seepage to agricultural land; (c) incineration; (d) industrial processing through direct and immediate delivery to a processing plant with officially approved waste disposal facilities for which it has been established that there is no identifiable risk of the specified pest spreading, and with a system of cleaning and disinfection of at least the departing vehicles; (e) other measures, provided that it has been established that there is no identifiable risk of the specified pest spreading; such measures and their justification are to be notified to the Commission and to the other Member States.
(a) use as tubers intended for consumption, packed ready for direct delivery and without repacking, on a site with appropriate waste disposal facilities. Tubers for planting may only be handled at the same site, if this is done separately or after cleaning and disinfection; or (b) use as tubers intended for industrial processing, and intended for direct and immediate delivery to a processing plant with appropriate waste disposal facilities and a system of cleaning and disinfection of at least the departing vehicles; or (c) some other use or disposal, provided that it is established that there is no identifiable risk of the specified pest spreading and subject to approval by the said competent authority.
4.1. Measures to be taken in places of production designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a): 4.1.1. In a production site designated as infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (a), all of the measures set out in points (1), (2) and (3) or all of the measures set out in points (4) and (5) shall be taken: (1) during the first three growing years following the year of the designation of infection, elimination of volunteer specified plants, and prohibition of planting of specified plants, including seeds, or of crops for which there is an identified risk of the specified pest spreading; (2) from the fourth year following the year of the designation of infection, following the fulfilment of the conditions of point (1) and on the condition that the production site has been found free from volunteer specified plants during official controls for at least the two consecutive growing years prior to planting, only production of tubers other than those intended for planting shall be allowed and the harvested tubers shall be tested in accordance with Annex I; (3) after the first production of tubers as referred to in point (2), and following an appropriate rotation cycle of at least two years if tubers for planting are to be grown, specified plants may be planted for production either of tubers for planting or other tuber production, and a survey shall be conducted as provided in Article 3; or (4) during the first four growing years following the year of the designation of infection, elimination of volunteer specified plants and maintenance of the production site in bare fallow or in permanent pasture with frequent close cutting or intensive grazing; (5) from the fifth year following the year of the designation of infection, and on the condition that point (1) has been fulfilled and that the production site has been found free from volunteer specified plants during official controls for at least the two consecutive growing years prior to planting, production of tubers for planting and of other tubers shall be allowed, and the harvested tubers shall be tested in accordance with Annex I.
4.1.2. In all other production sites of the infected place of production, and under the condition that, for each growing year, the competent authority has established that the risk of volunteer specified plants has been eliminated and that testing of the harvested specified plants has been conducted in each production site of the specified plants in accordance with Annex I, the following measures shall apply: (1) in the growing year following that of the designation of infection either no specified plants, including seeds, shall be planted, or certified tubers for planting may be planted for production of tubers other than those for planting only; (2) in the second growing year following that of the designation of infection, only certified tubers for planting or tubers for planting officially tested for the absence of the specified pest and grown under official control on places of production other than those referred to in point 4 shall be planted for production either of tubers for planting or of other tubers; (3) for at least the third growing year following that of the designation of infection, only certified tubers for planting or tubers for planting grown under official control from certified tubers for planting shall be planted for production either of tubers for planting or of other tubers; (4) in each of the growing years referred to in points (1), (2) and (3), measures shall be taken to eliminate volunteer specified plants if present, and in each production site of the specified plants, harvested specified plants shall be tested as referred to in Annex I.
4.1.3. Immediately following the designation of infection pursuant to Article 5(5), and after the first subsequent growing year, all machinery and storage facilities on the place of production and involved in the specified plant production shall be cleaned and disinfected as appropriate using appropriate methods, as specified in point 3. 4.1.4. In a unit of protected crop production designated as infected pursuant to Article 5, point 5(a), where complete replacement of the growing medium is possible: (1) no specified plants, including seeds, shall be planted unless the following conditions are fulfilled: (a) elimination of the specified pest, (b) removal of all host plant material, (c) complete change in growing medium and cleaning and disinfection of the production unit, and of all equipment, (d) approval for specified plant production by the competent authorities;
(2) specified plant production shall be from certified tubers for planting, or from mini-tubers or micro-plants derived from tested sources;
4.2. Within the demarcated area, in addition to the measures detailed under point 4.1, Member States shall take the following measures: (1) immediately following the designation of infection, they shall ensure that all machinery and storage facilities on such places of production and involved with the specified plant production are cleaned and disinfected, as appropriate, and using appropriate methods, as specified in point 3; (2) immediately, and for at least three growing years following the designation of infection: (a) they shall ensure that their competent authorities supervise the premises where tubers are growing, stored or handled as well as places of production which operate specified plant machinery under contract; (b) they shall require the planting of only certified tubers for planting or tubers for planting grown under official control for all specified plant crops within that zone, and testing after harvest of tubers for planting crops grown in places of production designated as probably infected pursuant to Article 5(5), point (b); (c) they shall require the separate handling of stocks of harvested tubers for planting from the stocks of other tubers on all places of production within the demarcated area, or a system of cleaning and disinfection to be carried out between the handling of tubers stocks; (d) they shall conduct the annual survey as provided for in Article 3(1);
(3) they shall establish a programme, where appropriate, for the replacement of all stocks of tubers for planting over an appropriate period of time.
(a) disposal at an officially approved dedicated waste disposal site at which there is no identifiable risk of escape of the specified pest into the environment including through seepage to agricultural land; (b) incineration; (c) other measures, provided that it has been established that there is no identifiable risk of the specified pest spreading; such measures shall be notified to the Commission and to the other Member States.
(a) heated to a minimum of 60 °C throughout the entire volume during at least 30 minutes prior to disposal; or (b) otherwise disposed of subject to official approval and under official control such that there is no identifiable risk that the waste could come into contact with agricultural land.