(a) comply with the sustainability criteria set in Article 29(2) to (7) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (b) provide accurate data on greenhouse gas emission savings for the purposes of Article 25(2) and Article 29(10) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (c) comply with the criteria for certification of low ILUC-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels established by Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/996 of 14 June 2022 on rules to verify sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria and low indirect land-use change-risk criteria (Text with EEA relevance)
Modified by
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/805of 7 March 2024amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/996 as regards the date of application of Article 11(1) of that Regulation, 32024R0805, March 8, 2024
(1) "voluntary scheme" means an organisation that certifies the compliance of economic operators with criteria and rules including, but not limited to, the sustainability and greenhouse gas saving criteria set out in Directive (EU) 2018/2001 and in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807; (2) "recognised voluntary scheme" means a voluntary scheme recognised pursuant to Article 30(4) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (3) "recognised national scheme" means a national scheme recognised pursuant to with Article 30(6) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (4) "certificate" means a conformity statement by a certification body within the framework of a voluntary scheme, certifying that an economic operator complies with the requirements of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (5) "suspended certificate" means a certificate temporarily invalidated due to non-conformities identified by the certification body or upon voluntary request of the economic operator; (6) "withdrawn certificate" means a certificate that has been permanently cancelled by the certification body or the voluntary scheme; (7) "terminated certificate" means a certification that has been voluntarily cancelled while it is still valid; (8) "expired certificate" means a certificate that is no longer valid; (9) "sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving characteristics" means the set of information describing a consignment of raw material or fuel that is required for demonstrating compliance of that consignment with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving criteria for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels or the greenhouse gas emission savings requirements applicable for renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels; (10) "mix of raw material for the purpose of further processing" means the physical mixing of raw material for the sole purpose of producing biofuels, bioliquids or biomass fuels; (11) "economic operator" means a producer of raw material, a collector of waste and residues, an operator of installations processing raw material into final fuels or intermediate products, an operator of installations producing energy (electricity, heating or cooling) or any other operator, including of storage facilities or traders that are in physical possession of raw material or fuels, provided that they process information on the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions saving characteristics of those raw materials or fuels; (12) "first gathering point" means a storage or processing facility managed directly by an economic operator or other counterpart under contractual agreement that is sourcing raw material directly from producers of agricultural biomass, forest biomass, wastes and residues or, in the case of renewable fuels of non-biological origin, the plant producing such fuels; (13) "certification audit" means an initial audit before participation in a scheme, with the purpose of issuing a certificate under a voluntary scheme; (14) "certification body" means an independent accredited or recognised conformity assessment body that concludes an agreement with a voluntary scheme to provide certification services for raw materials or fuels by carrying out audits of economic operators and issuing certificates on behalf of the voluntary schemes using the voluntary scheme’s certification system; (15) "non-conformity" means non-compliance of an economic operator or certification body with the rules and procedures, established by the voluntary scheme, of which they are members or under which they operate; (16) "surveillance audit" means any follow up audit of certificates issued by a certification body within the framework of a voluntary scheme after certification and before a re-certification audit, which can be carried out quarterly, half-annually or annually; (17) "re-certification audit" means an audit with the purpose of renewing a certificate issued by a certification body within the framework of a voluntary scheme; (18) "interconnected infrastructure" means a system of infrastructures, including pipelines, LNG terminals and storage facilities, which transports gases, that primarily consist of methane and include biogas and gas from biomass, in particular biomethane, or other types of gas that can technically and safely be injected into, and transported through the natural gas pipeline system, hydrogen systems as well as pipeline networks and transmission or distribution infrastructures for liquid fuels; (19) "hydrogen system" means a system of infrastructure, including hydrogen networks, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen terminals, which contains hydrogen of a high grade of purity; (20) "legal predecessors" means an economic operator that has been legally replaced by a new one, but no substantive changes or only superficial ones have been made regarding its ownership, management composition, working methods or scope of activity; (21) "product group" means raw materials, biofuels, bioliquids, non-gaseous biomass fuels with similar physical and chemical characteristics and similar heating values or gaseous biomass fuels, and LNG with similar chemical characteristics that all are subject to the same rules set out in Articles 7, 26 and 27 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 for determining the contribution of biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels towards achieving the targets for renewable energy; (22) "site" means a geographical location, logistical facilities, transmission or distribution infrastructures with precise boundaries within which products can be mixed; (23) "proof of sustainability" means a declaration by an economic operator, made on the basis of a certificate issued by a certification body within the framework of a voluntary scheme certifying the compliance of a specific quantity of feedstock or fuels with the sustainability and greenhouse gas emissions savings criteria set out in Articles 25(2) and 29 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (24) "raw material" means substances that have not yet been processed into fuels including intermediate products; (25) "fuels" means fuels that are ready to be supplied for consumption, including biofuels, bioliquids, biomass fuels, renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin and recycled carbon fuels; (26) "financial attractiveness test" means the calculation of the Net Present Value (NVP) of an investment, based on additionality measures in the context of low ILUC-risk biomass certification; (27) "non-financial barrier test" means an assessment of the potential other barriers that are expected to prevent an economic operator from implementing additionality measures in the context of low ILUC-risk biomass certification; (28) "Union database" means the database provided for in Article 28, point 2 of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (29) "grassland" has the meaning attributed to it in Article 1, point (1) of Commission Regulation (EU) No 1307/2014 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1307/2014 of 8 December 2014 on defining the criteria and geographic ranges of highly biodiverse grassland for the purposes of Article 7b(3)(c) of Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and Article 17(3)(c) of Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (OJ L 351, 9.12.2014, p. 3 ).
(a) the information and the evidence to be provided to file a complaint, as well as the postal address or email address to which it is to be sent; (b) guidance on which complaints are within the scope of the procedure; (c) a step-by-step overview of how complaints are handled, from the receipt of the initial complaint through to resolution, and the associated timeframe for each step; (d) the decision-making process for complaints and the process for appealing decisions; (e) the consequences of the voluntary scheme finding a non-conformity as result of a complaint.
(a) general management system documentation (e.g. manuals, policies, definition of responsibilities); (b) control of documents and records; (c) management review of management system; (d) internal auditing/internal monitoring; (e) procedures for identification and management of non-conformities; and (f) procedures for taking preventive actions to eliminate the causes of potential non-conformities.
(a) their governance structure, describing the roles of all relevant bodies, details on the ownership structure, composition and experience of the Board of Directors, Secretariat and Technical committee, or equivalent, as well as the list of members with voting rights or participants in the scheme, as appropriate; (b) the list of economic operators participating in the scheme, their certification status, with their respective date of certificate issuance, suspension, withdrawal, termination or expiry, as well as the certificates or the summary audit reports drawn up in accordance with Annex II. Where audits identify critical or major non-conformities, voluntary schemes shall publish an aggregated list of these non-conformities together with a respective action plan and timing for their correction as agreed with the economic operators concerned. Specific information on the certificates or summary audit reports may be redacted to comply with personal data protection legislation. Economic operators whose certificates are withdrawn, terminated or expired shall be listed on the website for at least 24 months after the withdrawal, termination or expiration date. Changes in the certification status of economic operators shall be made public without delay; (c) the latest version of their scheme documentation and the guidelines for audits. The documents shall include a date and version number and, where applicable, summarise any changes made compared to the previous document version; (d) the contact details of the scheme, including telephone number, email address and correspondence address; (e) the list of certification bodies carrying out independent auditing under the scheme, indicating for each certification body which national public authority or entity accredited or recognised it and which entity or national public authority of the Member State supervises it, in accordance with Article 30(9), second subparagraph, of Directive (EU) 2018/2001. Certification bodies that are no longer entitled to conduct independent auditing under the scheme shall be listed for at least 12 months after the last audit with an indication to that effect; (f) the results of the annual monitoring activities of the voluntary scheme as summarised in the annual activity report.
(a) whether they or their legal predecessor are currently participating in another voluntary scheme or have participated in another voluntary scheme in the last 5 years; (b) all relevant information, including the mass balance data and the auditing reports and, where applicable, any decisions to suspend or withdraw their certificates in the last 5 years; (c) whether they withdrew from a scheme before the first surveillance audit.
(a) they do not disclose the information in paragraph 1, point (a) and point (b); (b) they or their legal predecessor failed the initial audit under another scheme, unless such initial audit took place more than 3 years before the application or if in the meantime the other scheme ceased its certification activities, which prevented the economic operator for reapplying. Where a voluntary scheme accepts the justification of the economic operators and decides to assess their application, the scope of the initial audit shall be adjusted to cover all relevant issues and specifically focus on the shortcomings identified in the initial audit that they failed in the other scheme; (c) they or their legal predecessor withdrew from another scheme before the first surveillance audit took place, unless the operator can prove that it had a valid reason for doing so. Where a voluntary scheme accepts the justification provided by the economic operator, the scope of the initial audit shall be adjusted to cover all relevant issues of the surveillance audit.
(a) identification of the activities undertaken by the economic operator which are relevant to the scheme’s criteria; (b) identification of the relevant systems of the economic operator and its overall organisation with respect to the scheme’s criteria and checks of the effective implementation of relevant control systems; (c) analysis of the risks which could lead to a material misstatement, based on the auditor’s professional knowledge and the information submitted by the economic operator. That analysis shall take into consideration the overall risk profile of the activities, depending on the level of risk of the economic operator and the supply chain, above all at the immediately upstream and downstream stages, for example, for economic operators that handle material listed in Annex IX. The audit intensity or scope, or both, shall be adapted to the level of overall risk identified, also based on plausibility checks of the production capacity of a plant and the declared quantities of produced fuels; (d) a verification plan which corresponds to the risk analysis and the scope and complexity of the economic operator’s activities, and which defines the sampling methods to be used with respect to that operator’s activities; (e) implementation of the verification plan by gathering evidence in accordance with the defined sampling methods, plus all relevant additional evidence, upon which the verifier’s conclusion will be based; (f) a request to the operator for the provision of any missing elements of audit trails, an explanation of variations, or the revision of claims or calculations, before reaching a final verification conclusion; (g) verification of the accuracy of data recorded by the economic operators or their representatives in the Union database.
(a) non-compliance with a mandatory requirement of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, such as land conversion which contravenes Article 29(3), (4) and (5) of that Directive; (b) fraudulent issuance of a proof of sustainability or self-declarations, for example, intentional duplication of a proof of sustainability to seek financial benefit; (c) deliberate misstatement of raw material description, falsification of GHG values or input data as well as the deliberate production of wastes or residues, for example, the deliberate modification of a production process to produce additional residue material, or the deliberate contamination of a material with the intention of classifying it as a waste.
(a) systematic problems with mass balance or GHG data reported for example, incorrect documentation is identified in more than 10 % of the claims included in the representative sample; (b) the omission of an economic operator to declare its participation in other voluntary schemes during the certification process; (c) failure to provide relevant information to auditors for example, mass balance data and audit reports.
(a) in the case of critical non-conformities, economic operators applying for certification shall not be issued a certificate. Economic operators may re-apply for certification after the lapse of a fixed period of time, determined by the voluntary scheme. Critical non-conformities identified during surveillance or re-certification audits, or through a voluntary scheme’s internal monitoring or complaints process, shall lead to the immediate withdrawal of the economic operator’s certificate; (b) in the case of major non-conformities, economic operators applying for certification shall not be issued a certificate. Major non-conformities identified during surveillance or re-certification audits, or through a voluntary scheme’s internal monitoring or complaints process, shall lead to the immediate suspension of the economic operator’s certificate. Where economic operators do not provide a remedy for any major non-conformities within 90 days from notification, the certificate shall be withdrawn; (c) in the case of minor non-conformities, voluntary schemes may define the time period for their resolution, not exceeding 12 months from their notification and the date of next surveillance or re-certification audit.
(a) have a documentation management system; (b) have an auditable system for safekeeping and reviewing all evidence related to the claims they make or rely on; (c) keep all evidence necessary to comply with this Regulation and Directive (EU) 2018/2001 for a minimum of 5 years, or longer where it is required by the relevant national authority; (d) accept responsibility for preparing any information related to the auditing of such evidence.
(a) be independent of the activity being audited, except for audits concerning Article 29(6), point (a), and Article 29(7), point (a) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, for which first or second party auditing may be carried out up to the first gathering point; (b) be free from conflict of interest; (c) have the specific skills necessary for conducting the audit related to the scheme’s criteria, including: (i) for land-use criteria laid down in Article 29, points (2) to (9) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 as well as the low ILUC risk certification methodology set in Chapter V and Annex VIII of this implementing regulation: experience in agriculture, agronomy, ecology, natural science, forestry, silviculture or a related field, including specific technical skills needed to verify compliance with the highly biodiverse grasslands and highly biodiverse forest criteria; (ii) for GHG emissions saving criteria laid down in Article 29(10) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 or when determining the GHG emissions of recycled carbon fuels and renewable fuels of non-biological origin in accordance with the methodology set out in Article 28(5) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001: a minimum of 2 years’ experience in fuel life-cycle assessment, and specific experience in auditing GHG emission calculations in accordance with the methodology set out in Annexes V and VI to Directive (EU) 2018/2001, that is relevant for the type of audits to be conducted by the individual auditor. Depending on the specific scope of the audit, that experience shall be complemented by experience in agriculture, agronomy, ecology, forestry, natural science, silviculture, engineering, energy management or a related field. Where the scope of the audit includes verifying soil organic carbon levels, for the purpose of applying the emission saving credit for soil carbon accumulation, technical knowledge on soil science shall also be required; (iii) for the chain of custody criteria laid down in Article 30, points (1) to (2) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001: experience in mass balance systems, supply chain logistics, bookkeeping, traceability, and data handling or a related field; (iv) for group auditing: experience in conducting group audits.
(a) for producers of raw material, in particular smallholders, producer organisations and cooperatives as well as waste collectors; (b) for compliance with the scheme’s land-related criteria, where the areas concerned are in proximity and have similar characteristics, such as climatic or soil conditions; (c) for the purpose of calculating GHG savings, where the units have similar production systems and types of crops.
(a) role of the group manager, covering specifications for the internal management system and internal group inspection procedures; (b) determination of sample size.
(a) the purpose for which the captured CO 2 is used;(b) the origin of the CO 2 that is replaced;(c) the origin of the CO 2 that is captured;(d) information on emissions due to capturing and processing of CO 2 .
(a) list of all sites, that are under the scope of certification. Each site shall have its own mass balance records; (b) list of all inputs per site and the description of material handled and details of all suppliers; (c) list of all outputs per site and the description of material handled and details of all customers; (d) conversion factors applied, in particular in the case of installations processing waste or residues to ensure that the process is not modified to produce more waste or residue material; (e) any discrepancies between book keeping system and inputs, outputs and balances; (f) allocation of sustainability characteristics; (g) equivalence of the sustainability data and the physical stock at the end of the mass balance period.
(a) provide the information needed by Member States to supervise the operation of certification bodies pursuant to Article 30(9) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (b) provide the information required by the Commission to comply with Article 30(10) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (c) verify the accuracy of information entered into the Union database or relevant national database pursuant to Article 28(4) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001.
(a) changes to the mandatory sustainability criteria covered by the scheme; (b) extension of the scope of the scheme beyond what is described in the Implementing act, recognising the scheme; (c) extension of the scope of feedstock or biofuels referred to in the original scheme documents where the risk profile of added feedstock differs, for example, with the inclusion of wastes or residues, or where specific procedures are applied; (d) changes to the mass balance rules; (e) changes to auditing procedures or requirements for auditors; (f) changes in, or extension of the GHG calculation methodology; (g) any other change that could be considered to affect the basis for the recognition of the scheme.
(a) raw material or fuels shall only be considered to be part of a mixture if they are mixed in a container, at a processing or logistical facility, or at a transmission and distribution infrastructure or site; (b) different raw materials shall only be considered to be part of a mixture if they belong to the same product group, except where the raw material is mixed for the purpose of further processing; (c) raw materials or fuels shall only be considered to be part of a mixture if they are physically mixed unless they are physically identical or belong to the same product group. Where raw materials or fuels are physically identical or belong to the same product group, they must be stored in the same interconnected infrastructure, processing or logistical facility, transmission and distribution infrastructure or site; (d) fuels introduced into a logistical facility or a transmission or distribution infrastructure such as the gas grid or a pipeline network for liquid fuels, stored in LNG or other storage facilities shall only be considered to be part of a mixture pursuant to point (c) where that infrastructure is interconnected; (e) economic operators shall be required to keep separate mass balances for raw materials and fuels which cannot be considered part of a mixture. Transfer of information about the sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics and sizes between different mass balances shall not be allowed. Pursuant to subparagraphs (a) to (c), raw materials inside biofuels, bioliquids or biomass fuels production facilities are considered to be part of a mixture. Therefore, the requirement to keep separate mass balances shall not apply to such facilities and a single mass balance can be kept; (f) the mass balance system shall include information about the sustainability and the GHG emissions characteristics and quantities of raw material and fuels, including information about the quantities of raw material and fuels for which no sustainability or GHG characteristics have been determined; (g) where a consignment of raw material or fuel is delivered to an economic operator that is not participating in a voluntary scheme or national scheme, the delivery shall be reflected in the mass balance by withdrawing an equivalent quantity of raw material or fuel. The type of fuel to be booked out shall correspond to the physical nature of the raw material or fuel delivered; (h) where a consignment of fuel is used to comply with an obligation placed on a fuel supplier by a Member State, it shall be considered to be withdrawn from the mixture of the mass balance; (i) where biofuels, bioliquids or biomass fuels are blended with fossil fuels, the information about the sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics assigned to the blend shall correspond to the physical share of the biofuel, bioliquids or biomass fuels in the blend. For biofuels and bioliquids, Member States may further check the veracity of this information in accordance with Article 23; (j) the sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics of a consignment of raw material or fuel shall be considered as a set. Where consignments are withdrawn from a mixture, any of the sets of sustainability characteristics may be assigned to them provided that the sets of sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics are not split and the mass balance is achieved over the appropriate period of time; (k) where relevant for transparency reasons, the mass balance system shall include information on whether support has been provided for the production of the fuel or fuel precursor, and if so, the type of support; (l) the appropriate period of time for achieving the mass balance shall be 12 months for producers of agricultural biomass and forest biomass and first gathering points sourcing only agricultural biomass and forest biomass, and 3 months for all other economic operators. The start and end of the period shall be aligned with the calendar year or, where applicable, the four quarters of the calendar year. As alternatives to the calendar year, economic operators may also use either the economic year that they use for bookkeeping purposes or another starting point for the mass balance period, provided that the choice is clearly indicated and applied consistently. At the end of the mass balance period, the sustainability data carried forward should be equivalent to the physical stock in the container, processing or logistical facility, transmission and distribution infrastructure or site; (m) voluntary schemes shall specify the minimum set of sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics, in accordance with Annex I, that need to be passed down the supply chain as well as other information necessary to trace the consignments. In case of liquid or gaseous fuels introduced into an interconnected infrastructure and subject to the same mass balancing system, the respective sustainability and GHG emissions saving characteristics shall be assigned to the consignments entering and exiting the interconnected infrastructure. The voluntary schemes shall also ensure that economic operators correctly enter all relevant information in the Union database.
(a) in taking into account the GHG emissions of inputs, where standard values of emission factors are used, the ones set out in Annex IX shall be applied; (b) in determining the emissions from the extraction or cultivation of raw material, the methodology set out in Annex VII shall be applied; (c) in determining the emission savings from soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management (e sca ), the methodology set out in Annex V shall be applied.
(a) update the dynamic yield baseline and the additionality test to create a new baseline valid for another 10 years; (b) keep the original validity period of 10 years for the dynamic yield baseline and the additionality test following the initial certification year.
(a) an increased frequency of severe weather events such as droughts, storms or floods; (b) changes in seasonal temperature patterns which affect plant phenology; (c) increased pests and diseases; (d) damage to irrigation systems; (e) damage to soil such as severe salinisation, depletion of organic matter and erosion rendering them "severely degraded".
(a) changes in market prices: (for example increased input or labour costs, or both, or reductions in the price fetched by finished crops); (b) labour becoming unavailable (for example as a result of migration); (c) failure of the supply chain (for example through the closure of a local market or a transport link); (d) disputes about ownership (for example in the context of inheritance); (e) political instability (for example confiscation or nationalization of the land).
(a) in the case of salinisation, the results of testing by a qualified agronomist of the electroconductivity of the soil using the saturated paste method; (b) in the case of low soil organic matter, results from an appropriate number of samples of soil from the delineated plot, determined by a qualified agronomist, using the dry combustion method; (c) in the case of severe erosion, at least 25 % of the delineated plot shall have been eroded as determined by a qualified agronomist, supported by photographs.
(a) name of the voluntary or national scheme; (b) proof of sustainability number; (c) sustainability and GHG emission savings characteristics, including: (i) statement on whether the raw material or fuel complies with the criteria set out in Article 29(2) to (7) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (ii) GHG emission data calculated according to the methodology set out in Annexes V and VI to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 or Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807; (iii) description of when the installation started operation (for fuels only);
(d) name of raw material or name of raw material that the fuel is produced from; (e) waste or animal by-product permit number (if applicable); (f) fuel type (for fuels only); (g) country of origin of raw material; (h) country of fuel production; (i) statement on whether the raw material or fuel complies with the criteria set out for low indirect land-use change-risk biofuels; (j) information on whether support has been provided for the production of that consignment, and if so, the type of support scheme.
(a) supplier company name and address; (b) buyer company name and address; (c) date of (physical) loading; (d) place of (physical) loading or logistical facility or distribution infrastructure entry point; (e) place of (physical) delivery or logistical facility or distribution infrastructure exit point; (f) volume: For fuels, the energy quantity of the fuel must also be included. For the calculation of the energy quantity, conversion factors in Annex III to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 must be used.
(a) contact details of main certified entity (company name and address, details of the designated point of contact); (b) scope of certification; (c) longitude and latitude coordinates (for farms and plantations certified as single entities); (d) area of certification (for first gathering points, or individually certified farms and plantations); (e) estimated amount of sustainable material that could be harvested annually (for agricultural and forestry supply chains); (f) estimated amount of sustainable material that could be collected annually (for waste and residue collection points); (g) list of sites under the scope of certification (name and address); (h) input/output materials (physically) handled by the certified sites – classifications must be in conformity with the requirements set out in Annex IX to Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (i) estimated amount of sustainable input material used annually (producers of the final product only); (j) estimated amount of sustainable final product that could be produced annually (producers of the final product only).
(a) contact details (name and address) and logo; (b) composition of the audit team; (c) accrediting body and scope and date of accreditation.
(a) date of audit; (b) audit itinerary and duration (split by duration spent on-site and remotely – where relevant); (c) scheme standards audited/certified (including version number); (d) sites audited; (e) audit method (risk assessment and sampling basis, stakeholder consultation); (f) certification of other voluntary schemes or standards; (g) GHG data type (default, NUTS2 or actual values – including information on the application of GHG emission savings factors).
(a) place and date of issuance; (b) list of non-conformities identified.
(a) contact details of main certified entity (company name and address, details of the designated point of contact); (b) scope of certification; (c) longitude and latitude coordinates (for farms and plantations certified as single entities); (d) optional for first gathering points, points of origin, traders with storage: list of sites under the scope of certification (name and address); (e) input/output materials (physically) handled by the certified sites – classifications must be in conformity with the requirements set out in Annex IX to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (for traders with/without storage, the type of material traded).
(a) date of audit; (b) scheme standards audited/certified (including version number); (c) sites audited; (d) GHG data type (default, NUTS2 or actual values – including information on the application of GHG emission savings factors).
(a) the (unique) certificate number or code; (b) place and date of issuance; (c) list of non-conformities identified; (d) certificate valid from/to dates (and date certified if applicable); (e) stamp and/or signature of issuing party.
(a) rules on the independence, method and frequency of audits as approved by the Commission upon accreditation of the voluntary scheme and any changes to them over time to reflect Commission guidance, the modified regulatory framework, findings from internal monitoring on the auditing process of certification bodies and evolving industry best practice. (b) rules and procedures for identifying and dealing with non-compliance by economic operators and members of the scheme. (c) evidence of fulfilling the legal requirements on transparency and publication of information in line with Article 6. (d) stakeholder involvement, in particular on the consultation of indigenous and local communities prior to decision-making during the drafting and review of the scheme as well as during audits and the response to their contributions. (e) overview of the activities carried out by the voluntary scheme in cooperation with the certification bodies in order to improve the overall certification process and the qualification and independence of auditors and relevant scheme bodies. (f) market updates of the scheme, the amount of feedstock, biofuels, bioliquids, biomass fuels, recycled carbon fuels and renewable fuels of non-biological origin all certified, by country of origin and type, and the number of participants. (g) overview of the effectiveness of the implementing system put in place by the governance body of the voluntary scheme in order to track proof of conformity with the sustainability criteria that the scheme gives to its member(s). This shall cover, in particular, how the system effectively prevents fraudulent activities by ensuring timely detection, treatment and follow-up of suspected fraud and other irregularities and where appropriate, the number of cases of fraud or irregularities detected. (h) criteria for the recognition of certification bodies. (i) rules on how the internal monitoring system is conducted and the results of its periodic review, specifically on oversight of the work of certification bodies and their auditors as well as on the system of handling complaints against economic operators and certification bodies; (j) possibilities to facilitate or improve the promotion of best practices. (k) voluntary schemes certifying forest biomass must include information on the way the risk assessment required in Article 29(6) and (7) of the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 is made.
| Category in Annex IX to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 | Feedstock sub-category/examples |
|---|---|
| Annex IX Part A d) | Drink waste |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Fruit/vegetable residues and waste (Only tails, leaves, stalks and husks) |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Bean shells, silverskin, and dust: cocoa, coffee |
| Annex IX Part A p) | Shells/husks and derivatives:, soy hulls |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Residues and waste from production of hot beverages: spent coffee grounds, spent tea leaves |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Dairy waste scum |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Food waste oil: oil extracted from waste food from industry |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Non-edible cereal residues and waste from grain milling and processing: wheat, corn, barley, rice |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Olive oil extraction residues and waste: olive stones |
| Annex IX Part A p) | Agricultural harvesting residues |
| Annex IX Part A q) | Palm fronds, palm trunk |
| Annex IX Part A q) | Damaged trees |
| Annex IX Part A p) | Unused feed/fodder from ley |
| Annex IX Part B b) | Waste fish oil classified as categories 1 and 2 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009. |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Other slaughterhouse waste (Animal residues (non-fat) Cat 1) |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Industrial wastewater and derivatives |
| Annex IX Part A g) | Palm sludge oil (PSO) |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Industrial storage settlings |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Biogenic fraction of end-of-life tyres |
| Annex IX Part A q) | Recycled/waste wood |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Humins |
| Annex IX Part A d) | Spent bleaching earth |
1. Representative sampling method: (a) sampling shall be made for each plot or field; (b) at least one grab sample of 15 well distributed sub-samples per every 5 hectares or per field, whichever is smaller (taking into account the heterogeneity of the plot’s carbon content), shall be taken; (c) smaller fields with same climatic conditions, soil type, reference farming practice, and e sca practice can be grouped;(d) sampling shall be done either in spring before soil cultivation and fertilisation or in autumn, a minimum of 2 months after harvest; (e) direct measurements of soil carbon stock changes shall be taken for the first 30 cm of soil; (f) the points of the initial sampling to measure the baseline of soil carbon stocks shall be used under identical field conditions (especially soil moisture); (g) The sampling protocol shall be well documented.
2. Measurement of the soil carbon content: (a) soil samples shall be dried, sieved, and if necessary grounded; (b) if the combustion method is used, inorganic carbon shall be excluded.
3. Determination of dry bulk density: (a) changes in bulk density over time shall be taken into account; (b) bulk density should be measured using the tapping method, that is to say by mechanically tapping a cylinder into the soil, which greatly reduces any errors associated with bulk density measurement; (c) if the tapping method is not possible, especially with sandy soils, a reliable method shall be used instead; (d) samples should be oven-dried prior to weighing.
Project implementation which should allow for, amongst others, evaluating the relation of modelling results against field measurements; Comparing claims and results against estimates of SOC saturation to derive criteria and recommendations and possibly requirements for long term maintenance of a given equilibrium to secure results in the long term; Derive recommendations and requirements for an appropriate model selection and calibration as well as reliable indicators to model results.
| Requirement | Soil quality parameter |
| At least a 3-crop rotation, including legumes or green manure in the cropping system, taking into account the agronomic crop succession requirements specific to each crops grown and climatic conditions. A multi-species cover crop between cash crops counts as one. | Promoting soil fertility, soil carbon, limiting soil erosion, soil biodiversity and promoting pathogen control |
| Sowing of cover/catch/intermediary crops using a locally appropriate species mixture with at least one legume. Crop management practices should ensure minimum soil cover to avoid bare soil in periods that are most sensitive. | Promoting soil fertility, soil carbon retention, avoiding soil erosion, soil biodiversity |
| Prevent soil compaction (frequency and timing of field operations should be planned to avoid traffic on wet soil; tillage operation should be avoided or greatly reduced on wet soils; controlled traffic planning can be used). | Retention of soil structure, avoiding soil erosion, retaining soil biodiversity |
| No burning of arable stubble except where the authority has granted an exemption for plant health reasons. | Soil carbon retention, resource efficiency |
| On acidic soils where liming is applied, where soils are degraded and where acidification impacts crop productivity. | Improved soil structure, soil biodiversity, soil carbon |
| Increase soil organic carbon |
| Monitoring approach | Method of verification/demonstration |
| Risk assessment | Identifying areas with high risk of soil quality decline helps prevent these risks and focus on areas with the greatest impact. |
| Soil organic matter analysis | Consistent sampling of soil organic matter improves monitoring so that this matter can be maintained or improved. |
| Soil organic carbon analysis | Soil organic carbon is seen as a good marker for wider soil quality. |
| Soil conditioning index sampling | A positive value indicates the system is expected to have increasing soil organic matter. |
| Soil erosion assessment | Ensures that erosion is below a tolerable level, e.g. USDA Agricultural Research Service "t" levels. |
| Nutrient management plan | A plan outlining nutrient strategy (focusing mostly on N, P, K) and fertiliser regimes can prevent nutrient imbalances. |
| Regular soil pH analysis | Monitoring pH helps identify imbalances in pH. |
(a) version 5 of JEC-WTW report; (b) ECOINVENT database; (c) "official" sources, such as Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), International Energy Agency (IEA) or governments; (d) other reviewed sources of data, such as E3 database, GEMIS database; (e) peer-reviewed publications; (f) duly documented own estimates.
1. On acid soils, where pH is less than 6,4, aglime is dissolved by soil acids to form predominantly CO 2 rather than bicarbonate, releasing almost all of the CO2 into the aglime (0,44 kg CO2 /kg CaCO3 equivalent aglime).2. If soil pH is greater or equal to 6,4, an emission factor of 0,98/12,44 = 0,079 kg CO 2 /(kg CaCO3 -equivalent) aglime applied shall be taken into account in the calculation, in addition to the emissions due to the neutralisation of acidification caused by the fertiliser.3. The liming emissions calculated from actual lime use, calculated in points 1 and 2 above, may be greater than the fertilizer neutralization emissions calculated in 1.4.1 if the fertilizer acidification was neutralized by the applied lime. In such a case, the fertilizer neutralization emissions (in 1.4.1) may be subtracted from the calculated liming emissions to avoid that its emissions are counted twice. The emissions from fertilizer acidification may exceed those attributed to liming. In such a case, the subtraction would result in apparently negative net liming emissions because not all of the fertilizer-acidity is neutralized by aglime but also partly by naturally-occurring carbonates. In this case, the net liming emissions shall be counted zero, but the fertilizer-acidification emissions that occur anyway shall be maintained in line with section 1.4.1. If data on actual aglime use is not available, the aglime use recommended by the Agricultural Lime Association shall be assumed. This shall be a function of the type of crop, measured soil pH, soil type and type of liming material. The accompanying CO 2 emissions shall be calculated using points 1 and 2 of the procedure above. However, the subtraction specified in point 3 shall not be applied in this case, since the recommended use of aglime does not include aglime used to neutralize fertilizer applied in the same year, so there is no possible double counting of fertilizer neutralization emissions.
(a) sugar beet, sugar cane according to IPCC (2006) Vol. 4 Chapter 11 Eq. 11.6, not considering below-ground residues and with the addition of N input from vignasse and filter cake in the case of sugar cane; F = Yield • DRY • (1-FracBurnt • Cf ) • [RAG • NAG • (1 – FracRemove )] CR+ F VF (b) coconut and oil palm plantations applying a fixed N input based on literature as IPCC (2006) provides no default calculation method for standard emission factors, pursuant to Annex IX; (c) for all other crops according to IPCC (2006) Vol. 4 Chapter 11 Eq. 11.7a 11.11, 11.12, as F = (1-FracBurnt • Cf ) • AGDM • NAG • (1-FracRemove ) CR+ (AG+ Yield • DRY) • R BG-BIO • NBG Where: N 2 Ototal – Ndirect and indirect annual N 2 O–N emissions produced from managed soils; kg N2 O–N ha-1 a-1 N 2 Odirect – Nannual direct N 2 O–N emissions produced from managed soils; kg N2 O–N ha-1 a-1 N 2 Oindirect – Nannual indirect N 2 O–N emissions (that is to say, the annual amount of N2 O–N produced from atmospheric deposition of N volatilised from managed soils and annual amount of N2 O–N produced from leaching and run-off of N additions to managed soils in regions where leaching/run-off occurs); kg N2 O–N ha-1 a-1 F SN annual synthetic nitrogen fertiliser input; kg N ha -1 a-1 F ON annual animal manure N applied as fertiliser; kg N ha -1 a-1 F CR annual amount of N in crop residues (above ground and below ground); kg N ha -1 a-1 F OS,CG,Temp annual area of managed/drained organic soils under cropland in temperate climate; ha -1 a-1 F OS,CG,Trop annual area of managed/drained organic soils under cropland in tropical climate; ha -1 Frac GASF 0,10 (kg N NH 3 –N + NOx–N) (kg N applied)-1 . Volatilisation from synthetic fertiliserFrac GASM 0,20 (kg N NH 3 –N + NOx–N) (kg N applied)-1 . Volatilisation from all organic nitrogen fertilisers appliedFrac Leach-(H) 0,30 kg N (kg N additions) -1. N losses by leaching/run-off for regions where leaching/run-off occurs EF 1ij Crop and site-specific emission factors for N 2 O emissions from synthetic fertiliser and organic N application to mineral soils (kg N2 O–N (kg N input)-1 );EF 1 0,01 [kg N 2 O–N (kg N input)-1 ]EF 2CG,Temp 8 kg N ha -1 a-1 for temperate organic crop and grassland soilsEF 2CG,Trop 16 kg N ha -1 a-1 for tropical organic crop and grassland soilsEF 4 0,01 [kg N 2 O–N (kg N NH3 –N + NOx–N volatilised)-1 ]EF 5 0,0075 [kg N 2 O–N (kg N leaching/run-off)-1 ]Yield annual fresh yield of the crop (kg ha -1 )DRY dry matter fraction of harvested product [kg d.m. (kg fresh weight) -1 ] (see Table 1)Frac Burnt Fraction of crop area burnt annually [ha (ha)-1] C f Combustion factor [dimensionless] (see Table 1) R AG Ratio of above-ground residues, dry matter to harvested dry matter yield, for the crop [kg d.m. (kg d.m.) -1 ] (see Table 3)N AG N content of above-ground residues [kg N (kg d.m.)-1] (see Table 1) Frac Remove Fraction of above-ground residues removed from field [kg d.m. (kg AGDM) -1 ]F VF Annual amount of N in sugar cane vignasse and filter cake returned to the field [kg N ha -1 ], calculated as Yield * 0,000508.AG Above-ground residue dry matter [kg d.m. ha -1 ]
(a) the name and contact details of the applicant or applicants, including where relevant the members of a group for group certification If applying for group certification, the application must include the name and contact details of the group manager and the name, contact details and locations of the farms/plantations that are part of the group. (b) a description of the low ILUC risk additionality measures envisaged, including: (i) details on the delineated plot where the additionality measure will be implemented, including current land use, current management practices, current plot yield data, and if applicable a statement on whether the land is unused, abandoned or severely degraded; (ii) description of the additionality measures and an estimate of the additional biomass that will be produced following its application (either through a yield increase or production on unused, abandoned or severely degraded land);
(c) information on any existing Commission-recognised voluntary scheme certification (name of the voluntary scheme, certificate number, status and validity period).
(a) a definition of the delineated plot of land; (b) a description of additionality measures; (c) check on sustainability of the additionality measure against the requirements of Directive (EU) 2018/2001; (d) where relevant, demonstration of additionality assessment (either financial attractiveness or non-financial barrier test); (e) determination of the dynamic yield baseline, including: (i) for yield increase measures: at least 3 years of historical crop yield data related to the delineated plot of land; (ii) for cultivation on unused, abandoned or severely degraded land: proof of land status (the baseline yield for cultivation on unused, abandoned or severely degraded land is considered to be zero)
(f) estimate of the additional biomass yield per year, with reference to the dynamic yield baseline for the delineated plot.
| Additionality category | Additionality measure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanisation | Machinery | Adoption of machinery that reduces/complements existing workforce input to boost output or reduce losses. This could include sowing, precision farming, harvesting machinery or machinery to reduce post-harvest losses. |
| Multi-cropping | Sequential cropping | Introduction of second crop on same land in the same year. |
| Management | Soil management | Mulching instead of ploughing, low tillage. |
| Fertilisation | Optimisation of fertilisation regime, use of precision agriculture. | |
| Crop protection | Change in weed, pest and disease control. | |
| Pollination | Improved pollination practices. | |
| Other | Leaves room for innovation, combinations of measures and unforeseen developments. | |
| Replanting (for perennial crops) | Choice of crop varieties | Higher yield variety, better adaptation to eco-physiological or climatic conditions. |
(a) estimate of additional biomass volume; (b) feedstock sales price [currency/tonne]: (i) the feedstock sales price may be a single number extrapolated over the lifetime of the additional yield investment; (ii) this single number may be based on an average of actual historical feedstock sales values achieved by the economic operator. The average value shall be based on data for the same 3 years that the historical yield data used to set the dynamic yield baseline; (iii) in the event of introducing a new crop for which the economic operator does not have actual price data, this value may be based on price data from FAOSTAT FAOSTAT producer prices. Source: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/PP
(c) discount rate to be used: 3,5 % for high income countries OECD countries (d) lifetime of the investment: (i) a lifetime of up to 10 years shall be used in conformity with the lifetime of the low ILUC risk certification (baseline validity); (ii) in some cases, the maximum lifetime of the investment may be set at 25 years based on the typical lifetime of perennial crops (that is to say, oil palm tree, in the case of oil palm replanting);
(e) investment cost related to the additionality measure [CAPEX + OPEX].
| Crop | Barley | Maize | Oil palm fruit | Rapeseed | Soybean | Sugar beet | Sugar cane | Sunflower seed | Wheat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slope-20 | 0,035 | 0,074 | 0,200 | 0,036 | 0,028 | 1,276 | 0,379 | 0,035 | 0,04 |
(a) the historical crop yields obtained prior to implementation of an additionality measure; (b) the planting year of palm trees on the delineated plot of land and/or their age profile; (c) the cultivars of palm trees on the delineated plot, if applicable; (d) the area of land replanted each year on a plantation, if applicable.
(a) Option 1a: Standard growth curve (i) 3 most recent years of historical crop yields for palm trees grown on the delineated plot; (ii) age of trees on the delineated plot/planting year;
(b) Option 1b: Economic operator provides growth curve To use this option, economic operators have to show that the correlation between the standard growth curve and their baseline growth curve is less than 0,8. (i) 3 most recent years of historical crop yield for palm trees grown on the delineated plot; (ii) age of trees on the delineated plot/planting year; (iii) the cultivars of palm trees on the delineated plot; (iv) economic operator’s own reference growth curve.
(c) Option 2: Group certification approach (i) for the 3 most recent years, the total hectares and total yield in fresh fruit bunches (FFB) for palm trees grown on the delineated plot/plantation(s), producing palm as part of the group.
| Normalised yield | |||||||||||||
| Normalised yield |
1. To determine the average historical crop yield, collect the three most recent historical crop yields observed on the delineated plot prior to implementation of the additionality measure, as well as the corresponding age of the trees when those yields were observed; 2. Calculate an average (mean) of the three historical crop yields; 3. Based on the age of the trees when the historical yield data is from, determine where this average historical crop yield shall be on the standard growth curve (e.g. if the yield data is from trees aged 7, 8 and 9 years, the average historical yield should be considered to be year 8); 4. To determine the next point of the dynamic yield baseline, multiply the average historical crop yield from step 2 by the corresponding calculated annual percentage change, derived from the standard growth curve (Table 4 below). Repeat this for each subsequent point to plot the dynamic yield baseline; Table 4 Annual percentage change in yield derived from standard growth curve After 25 years, the yield would be expected to continue to decline. However, as the typical lifetime of an oil palm tree is around 25 years, there is a lack of data to support the magnitude of the decline after 25 years. Therefore, a conservative approach is taken to assume that the yield curve would remain at the 25-year level. Years after planting 1 to3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Annual percentage change - 128,0 %90,6 %30,0 %10,0 %5,6 %2,9 %0,4 %-0,1 %-1,9 %-1,6 %-2,0 %Years after planting 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ≥ 26 Annual percentage change -2,1 %-1,7 %-0,5 %-1,9 %-2,0 %-1,4 %-1,8 %-0,8 %-2,5 %-1,1 %-1,6 %0 %5. To incorporate the global yield trend in the dynamic yield baseline, apply the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) calculated from FAOSTAT World+ yield data (Table 5 below), to each point of the dynamic yield baseline to obtain the CAGR corrected dynamic yield baseline. Table 5 Compound annual growth rate palm (20-year) Based on FAOSTAT World+ 2008-2017 Annual performance increase palm – business as usual 1,37 %
1. Demonstrate that the second crop does not lower the yield of the main crop. 2. If the second crop lowers the yield of the main crop: a. Determine a dynamic yield baseline for a system in which the main crop is the same each year; b. Determine a compensation factor for a system in which the main crop is different each year;
(a) contact details of main certified entity (company name and address, details of the designated point of contact); (b) scope of certification (type of additionality measure and additionality test applied as well as type of economic operator (if they are small holders)); (c) longitude and latitude coordinates (for farms and plantations certified as single entities); (d) list of sites under the scope of certification (name and address); (e) total volume of biomass certified as low ILUC risk; (f) contact details of the certification body (name and address) and logo; (g) (unique) certificate number or code; (h) place and date of issuance; (i) certificate valid from/to dates (and date certified, if applicable); (j) stamp and/or signature of issuing party.
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | Fossil energy input | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCO | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | MJ | ||
| CO | ||||||||
| CH | ||||||||
| N | ||||||||
| N-fertiliser (kg N) | ||||||||
| Ammonium nitrate (AN) | ||||||||
| Ammonium sulphate (AS) | ||||||||
| Ammonium nitrate sulphate (ANS) | ||||||||
| Anhydrous ammonia | ||||||||
| Calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) | ||||||||
| Calcium nitrate (CN) | ||||||||
| Urea | ||||||||
| Urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) | ||||||||
| P | ||||||||
| Triple superphosphate (TSP) | ||||||||
| Rock phosphate 21 %P | ||||||||
| Mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) 11 %N 52 %P | ||||||||
| Di-Ammonium-Phosphate (DAP) 18 %N 46 %P | ||||||||
| K | ||||||||
| Muriate of Potash (MOP) 60 %K | ||||||||
| Other fertilisers | ||||||||
| NPK 15-15-15 | ||||||||
| MgO (kg MgO) | ||||||||
| Sodium (Na) fertiliser (kg Na) | ||||||||
| Seeds- barley | ||||||||
| Seeds- eucalyptus cuttings | ||||||||
| Seeds- maize | ||||||||
| Seeds- poplar cuttings | ||||||||
| Seeds- rapeseed | ||||||||
| Seeds- rye | ||||||||
| Seeds- soy bean | ||||||||
| Seeds- sugar beet | ||||||||
| Seeds- sugar cane | ||||||||
| Seeds- sunflower | ||||||||
| Seeds- triticale | ||||||||
| Seeds- wheat | ||||||||
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | Fossil energy input | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCO | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | MJ | |
| Biogas digestate | |||||||
| EFB compost (palm oil) | |||||||
| Filter mud cake | |||||||
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | Fossil energy input | Density | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | MJ | MJ | kg/m | (on a dry basis) | |
| Natural gas (EU mix) | - | ||||||||
| LPG | |||||||||
| Methane | |||||||||
| Diesel | - | - | |||||||
| Gasoline | - | - | |||||||
| Heavy fuel oil | - | - | |||||||
| Ethanol | |||||||||
| Methanol | |||||||||
| DME | |||||||||
| FAME | |||||||||
| HVO | |||||||||
| PVO | |||||||||
| Syn diesel (BtL) | |||||||||
| Palm oil | |||||||||
| Rapeseed oil | |||||||||
| Soybean oil | |||||||||
| Sunflower oil | |||||||||
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | Fossil energy input | Density | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | MJfossil/MJ | kg/m3 | (on a dry basis) | |
| Hard coal | ||||||||
| Lignite | ||||||||
| Wood chips | ||||||||
| Wood pellets | ||||||||
| parameter: | Density | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | kg/m | (on a dry basis) | |
| Agricultural residue bales | |||
| Animal fat (tallow) | |||
| Bagasse | |||
| Bagasse exit mill (dry) | |||
| Bagasse bales (dry) | |||
| Bagasse pellets (dry) | |||
| Barley | |||
| Biogasoline | |||
| Biowaste | |||
| DDGS (barley) | |||
| DDGS (maize) | |||
| DDGS (rye) | |||
| DDGS (triticale) | |||
| DDGS (wheat) | |||
| Eucalyptus (SRC) | |||
| Fatty acids | |||
| FFB | |||
| Forestry residues | |||
| Glycerol | |||
| Industry residues (wood) | |||
| Manure | |||
| Maize (grain only) | |||
| Maize whole crop | |||
| Palm kernel meal | |||
| Palm kernel oil | |||
| Poplar (SRC) | |||
| Rapeseed | |||
| Rapeseed oil cake | |||
| Rye | |||
| Sawdust | |||
| Soybeans | |||
| Soybean oil cake | |||
| Stemwood (Pine) | |||
| Straw | |||
| Straw bales | |||
| Straw chopped | |||
| Straw pellets | |||
| Sugar beet | |||
| Sugar beet pulp | |||
| Sugar cane | |||
| Sunflower seed | |||
| Sunflower oil cake | |||
| Triticale | |||
| Vinasse | |||
| Waste cooking oil | |||
| Wheat | |||
| Wheat straw |
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | Fossil energy input | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCO | gCH | (at 0 % water) | gCO | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | MJ | MJ | (on a dry basis) | |
| Ammonia | ||||||||||||
| Ammonium sulphate ((NH | ||||||||||||
| Antifoam (assumed to be propylene glycol) | ||||||||||||
| Alpha-amylase | ||||||||||||
| Gluco-amylase | ||||||||||||
| Calcium chloride (CaCl | ||||||||||||
| Cyclohexane | ||||||||||||
| Diammonium phosphate (DAP) | ||||||||||||
| Fuller’s earth | ||||||||||||
| n-Hexane | ||||||||||||
| Hydrochloric acid (HCl) | ||||||||||||
| Lubricants | ||||||||||||
| Magnesium sulphate (MgSO | ||||||||||||
| Monopotassium phosphate (KH | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | ||||||||||||
| Phosphoric acid (H | ||||||||||||
| Potassium hydroxide (KOH) | ||||||||||||
| Pure CaO for processes | ||||||||||||
| Sodium carbonate (Na | ||||||||||||
| Sodium chloride (NaCl) | ||||||||||||
| Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) | ||||||||||||
| Sodium methoxide (Na(CH | ||||||||||||
| SO | ||||||||||||
| Sulphuric acid (H | ||||||||||||
| Urea | ||||||||||||
| parameter: | Fuel Efficiency | Transport exhaust gas emissions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | MJ/t.km | gCH | gN | |
| Transport efficiencies – Trucks | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for dry product (Diesel) | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for chips (and similar size dry product) (Diesel) | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for liquids and pellets (Diesel) | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for manure (Diesel) | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for biowaste (Diesel) | ||||
| Truck (40 tonne) for sugar cane transport | ||||
| Truck (12 tonne) for FFB transport (Diesel) | ||||
| Dumpster truck MB2213 for filter mud transport | ||||
| Tanker truck MB2318 for vinasse transport | ||||
| Tanker truck MB2318 for cane seed transport | ||||
| Tanker truck with water cannons for vinasse transport | ||||
| Transport efficiencies – Ships | ||||
| "Handymax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – Grains | ||||
| "Handysize" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – wood chips with bulk density 221 kg/m | ||||
| "Supramax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – wood chips with bulk density 221 kg/m | ||||
| "Handysize" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – pellets with bulk density 650 kg/m | ||||
| "Supramax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – pellets with bulk density 650 kg/m | ||||
| "Handysize" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – agri-residues with low bulk density (125 kg/m | ||||
| "Supramax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – agri-residues with low bulk density (125 kg/m | ||||
| "Handysize" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – agri-residues with high bulk density (300 kg/m | ||||
| "Supramax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – agri-residues with high bulk density (300 kg/m | ||||
| "Handysize" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – PKM | ||||
| "Supramax" bulk carrier (fuel oil) – PKM | ||||
| Chemical/product tanker, 12,617 kt (fuel oil) | ||||
| Chemical/product tanker, 15 kt (fuel oil) for ethanol transport | ||||
| Chemical/product tanker, 15 kt (fuel oil) for FAME and HVO transport | ||||
| Chemical/product tanker, 22,56 kt (fuel oil) | ||||
| Inland bulk carrier, 8,8 kt (diesel) | ||||
| Inland ship for oil transport, 1,2 kt (diesel) | ||||
| Transport efficiencies – Pipeline and rail | ||||
| Local (10 km) pipeline | ||||
| Freight train USA (diesel) | ||||
| Rail (electric, MV) | ||||
| CI net electricity production | CI used electricity HV | CI used electricity MV | CI used electricity LV | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | ||||
| Belgium | ||||
| Bulgaria | ||||
| Cyprus | ||||
| Czechia | ||||
| Germany | ||||
| Denmark | ||||
| Estonia | ||||
| Greece | ||||
| Spain | ||||
| Finland | ||||
| France | ||||
| Croatia | ||||
| Hungary | ||||
| Ireland | ||||
| Italy | ||||
| Latvia | ||||
| Lithuania | ||||
| Luxembourg | ||||
| Malta | ||||
| Netherlands | ||||
| Poland | ||||
| Portugal | ||||
| Romania | ||||
| Slovakia | ||||
| Slovenia | ||||
| Sweden | ||||
| Iceland | ||||
| Norway | ||||
| Switzerland | ||||
| United Kingdom | ||||
| Albania | ||||
| Bosnia Herzegovina | ||||
| Kosovo | ||||
| Moldova | ||||
| Montenegro | ||||
| North Macedonia | ||||
| Serbia | ||||
| Turkey | ||||
| Belarus | ||||
| Russia | ||||
| Ukraine |
| parameter: | GHG emission coefficient | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unit: | gCH | gN | gCO | |
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| CH | ||||
| GHG emission coefficient | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | gCO | gCH | gN | gCO | ||
| CH | |||||||||
| No emissions | |||||||||