Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC Text with EEA relevance
Modified by
  • Regulation (EU) 2016/1011 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 8 June 2016on indices used as benchmarks in financial instruments and financial contracts or to measure the performance of investment funds and amending Directives 2008/48/EC and 2014/17/EU and Regulation (EU) No 596/2014(Text with EEA relevance), 32016R1011, June 29, 2016
  • Regulation (EU) 2016/1033 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 23 June 2016amending Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 on markets in financial instruments, Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 on market abuse and Regulation (EU) No 909/2014 on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on central securities depositories(Text with EEA relevance), 32016R1033, June 30, 2016
  • Regulation (EU) 2019/2115 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 27 November 2019amending Directive 2014/65/EU and Regulations (EU) No 596/2014 and (EU) 2017/1129 as regards the promotion of the use of SME growth markets(Text with EEA relevance), 32019R2115, December 11, 2019
  • Regulation (EU) 2023/2869 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 13 December 2023amending certain Regulations as regards the establishment and functioning of the European single access point(Text with EEA relevance), 32023R2869, December 20, 2023
Corrected by
  • Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC, 32014R0596R(03), October 21, 2016
Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 16 April 2014on market abuse (market abuse regulation) and repealing Directive 2003/6/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directives 2003/124/EC, 2003/125/EC and 2004/72/EC(Text with EEA relevance) CHAPTER 1GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1Subject matterThis Regulation establishes a common regulatory framework on insider dealing, the unlawful disclosure of inside information and market manipulation (market abuse) as well as measures to prevent market abuse to ensure the integrity of financial markets in the Union and to enhance investor protection and confidence in those markets.
Article 2Scope1.This Regulation applies to the following:(a)financial instruments admitted to trading on a regulated market or for which a request for admission to trading on a regulated market has been made;(b)financial instruments traded on an MTF, admitted to trading on an MTF or for which a request for admission to trading on an MTF has been made;(c)financial instruments traded on an OTF;(d)financial instruments not covered by point (a), (b) or (c), the price or value of which depends on or has an effect on the price or value of a financial instrument referred to in those points, including, but not limited to, credit default swaps and contracts for difference.This Regulation also applies to behaviour or transactions, including bids, relating to the auctioning on an auction platform authorised as a regulated market of emission allowances or other auctioned products based thereon, including when auctioned products are not financial instruments, pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1031/2010. Without prejudice to any specific provisions referring to bids submitted in the context of an auction, any requirements and prohibitions in this Regulation referring to orders to trade shall apply to such bids.2.Articles 12 and 15 also apply to:(a)spot commodity contracts, which are not wholesale energy products, where the transaction, order or behaviour has or is likely or intended to have an effect on the price or value of a financial instrument referred to in paragraph 1;(b)types of financial instruments, including derivative contracts or derivative instruments for the transfer of credit risk, where the transaction, order, bid or behaviour has or is likely to have an effect on the price or value of a spot commodity contract where the price or value depends on the price or value of those financial instruments; and(c)behaviour in relation to benchmarks.3.This Regulation applies to any transaction, order or behaviour concerning any financial instrument as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, irrespective of whether or not such transaction, order or behaviour takes place on a trading venue.4.The prohibitions and requirements in this Regulation shall apply to actions and omissions, in the Union and in a third country, concerning the instruments referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.
Article 3Definitions1.For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:(1)"financial instrument" means a financial instrument as defined in point (15) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(2)"investment firm" means an investment firm as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(3)"credit institution" means a credit institution as defined in point (1) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (OJ L 176, 27.6.2013, p. 1).;(4)"financial institution" means a financial institution as defined in point (26) of Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013;(5)"market operator" means a market operator as defined in point (18) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(6)"regulated market" means a regulated market as defined in point (21) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(7)"multilateral trading facility" or "MTF" means a multilateral system as defined in point (22) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(8)"organised trading facility" or "OTF" means a system or facility in the Union as defined in point (23) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(9)"accepted market practice" means a specific market practice that is accepted by a competent authority in accordance with Article 13;(10)"trading venue" means a trading venue as defined in point (24) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(11)"SME growth market" means SME growth market as defined in point (12) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(12)"competent authority" means an authority designated in accordance with Article 22, unless otherwise specified in this Regulation;(13)"person" means a natural or legal person;(14)"commodity" means a commodity as defined in point (1) of Article 2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 1287/2006Commission Regulation (EC) No 1287/2006 of 10 August 2006 implementing Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards record-keeping obligations for investment firms, transaction reporting, market transparency, admission of financial instruments to trading, and defined terms for the purposes of that Directive (OJ L 241, 2.9.2006, p. 1).;(15)"spot commodity contract" means a contract for the supply of a commodity traded on a spot market which is promptly delivered when the transaction is settled, and a contract for the supply of a commodity that is not a financial instrument, including a physically settled forward contract;(16)"spot market" means a commodity market in which commodities are sold for cash and promptly delivered when the transaction is settled, and other non-financial markets, such as forward markets for commodities;(17)"buy-back programme" means trading in own shares in accordance with Articles 21 to 27 of Directive 2012/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the CouncilDirective 2012/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on coordination of safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies within the meaning of the second paragraph of Article 54 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, in respect of the formation of public limited liability companies and the maintenance and alteration of their capital, with a view to making such safeguards equivalent (OJ L 315, 14.11.2012, p. 74).;(18)"algorithmic trading" means algorithmic trading as defined in point (39) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(19)"emission allowance" means emission allowance as described in point (11) of Section C of Annex I to Directive 2014/65/EU;(20)"emission allowance market participant" means any person who enters into transactions, including the placing of orders to trade, in emission allowances, auctioned products based thereon, or derivatives thereof and who does not benefit from an exemption pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 17(2);(21)"issuer" means a legal entity governed by private or public law, which issues or proposes to issue financial instruments, the issuer being, in case of depository receipts representing financial instruments, the issuer of the financial instrument represented;(22)"wholesale energy product" means wholesale energy product as defined in point (4) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 1227/2011;(23)"national regulatory authority" means national regulatory authority as defined in point (10) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 1227/2011;(24)"commodity derivatives" means commodity derivatives as defined in point (30) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014. on markets in financial instruments and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (see page 84 of this Official Journal).;(25)"person discharging managerial responsibilities" means a person within an issuer, an emission allowance market participant or another entity referred to in Article 19(10), who is:(a)a member of the administrative, management or supervisory body of that entity; or(b)a senior executive who is not a member of the bodies referred to in point (a), who has regular access to inside information relating directly or indirectly to that entity and power to take managerial decisions affecting the future developments and business prospects of that entity;(26)"person closely associated" means:(a)a spouse, or a partner considered to be equivalent to a spouse in accordance with national law;(b)a dependent child, in accordance with national law;(c)a relative who has shared the same household for at least one year on the date of the transaction concerned; or(d)a legal person, trust or partnership, the managerial responsibilities of which are discharged by a person discharging managerial responsibilities or by a person referred to in point (a), (b) or (c), or which is directly or indirectly controlled by such a person, or which is set up for the benefit of such a person, or the economic interests of which are substantially equivalent to those of such a person;(27)"data traffic records" means records of traffic data as defined in point (b) of the second paragraph of Article 2 of Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and the CouncilDirective 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) (OJ L 201, 31.7.2002, p. 37).;(28)"person professionally arranging or executing transactions" means a person professionally engaged in the reception and transmission of orders for, or in the execution of transactions in, financial instruments;(29)"benchmark" means any rate, index or figure, made available to the public or published that is periodically or regularly determined by the application of a formula to, or on the basis of the value of one or more underlying assets or prices, including estimated prices, actual or estimated interest rates or other values, or surveys, and by reference to which the amount payable under a financial instrument or the value of a financial instrument is determined;(30)"market maker" means a market maker as defined in point (7) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(31)"stake-building" means an acquisition of securities in a company which does not trigger a legal or regulatory obligation to make an announcement of a takeover bid in relation to that company;(32)"disclosing market participant" means a person who falls into any of the categories set out in points (a) to (d) of Article 11(1) or of Article 11(2), and discloses information in the course of a market sounding;(33)"high-frequency trading" means high-frequency algorithmic trading technique as defined in point (40) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU;(34)"information recommending or suggesting an investment strategy" means information:(i)produced by an independent analyst, an investment firm, a credit institution, any other person whose main business is to produce investment recommendations or a natural person working for them under a contract of employment or otherwise, which, directly or indirectly, expresses a particular investment proposal in respect of a financial instrument or an issuer; or(ii)produced by persons other than those referred to in point (i), which directly proposes a particular investment decision in respect of a financial instrument;(35)"investment recommendations" means information recommending or suggesting an investment strategy, explicitly or implicitly, concerning one or several financial instruments or the issuers, including any opinion as to the present or future value or price of such instruments, intended for distribution channels or for the public.2.For the purposes of Article 5, the following definitions apply:(a)"securities" means:(i)shares and other securities equivalent to shares;(ii)bonds and other forms of securitised debt; or(iii)securitised debt convertible or exchangeable into shares or into other securities equivalent to shares.(b)"associated instruments" means the following financial instruments, including those which are not admitted to trading or traded on a trading venue, or for which a request for admission to trading on a trading venue has not been made:(i)contracts or rights to subscribe for, acquire or dispose of securities;(ii)financial derivatives of securities;(iii)where the securities are convertible or exchangeable debt instruments, the securities into which such convertible or exchangeable debt instruments may be converted or exchanged;(iv)instruments which are issued or guaranteed by the issuer or guarantor of the securities and whose market price is likely to materially influence the price of the securities, or vice versa;(v)where the securities are securities equivalent to shares, the shares represented by those securities and any other securities equivalent to those shares;(c)"significant distribution" means an initial or secondary offer of securities that is distinct from ordinary trading both in terms of the amount in value of the securities to be offered and the selling method to be employed;(d)"stabilisation" means a purchase or offer to purchase securities, or a transaction in associated instruments equivalent thereto, which is undertaken by a credit institution or an investment firm in the context of a significant distribution of such securities exclusively for supporting the market price of those securities for a predetermined period of time, due to a selling pressure in such securities.
Article 4Notifications and list of financial instruments1.Market operators of regulated markets and investment firms and market operators operating an MTF or an OTF shall, without delay, notify the competent authority of the trading venue of any financial instrument for which a request for admission to trading on their trading venue is made, which is admitted to trading, or which is traded for the first time.They shall also notify the competent authority of the trading venue when a financial instrument ceases to be traded or to be admitted to trading, unless the date on which the financial instrument ceases to be traded or to be admitted to trading is known and was referred to in the notification made in accordance with the first subparagraph.Notifications referred to in this paragraph shall include, as appropriate, the names and identifiers of the financial instruments concerned, and the date and time of the request for admission to trading, admission to trading, and the date and time of the first trade.Market operators and investment firms shall also transmit to the competent authority of the trading venue the information set out in the third subparagraph with regard to financial instruments that were the subject of a request for admission to trading or that were admitted to trading before 2 July 2014, and that are still admitted to trading or traded on that date.2.Competent authorities of the trading venue shall transmit notifications that they receive pursuant to paragraph 1 to ESMA without delay. ESMA shall publish those notifications on in its website in the form of a list immediately on receipt. ESMA shall update that list immediately on receipt of a notification by a competent authority of the trading venue. The list shall not limit the scope of this Regulation.3.The list shall contain the following information:(a)the names and identifiers of financial instruments which are the subject of a request for admission to trading, admitted to trading or traded for the first time, on regulated markets, MTFs and OTFs;(b)the dates and times of the requests for admission to trading, of the admissions to trading, or of the first trades;(c)details of the trading venues on which the financial instruments are the subject of a request for admission to trading, admitted to trading or traded for the first time; and(d)the date and time at which the financial instruments cease to be traded or to be admitted to trading.4.In order to ensure consistent harmonisation of this Article, ESMA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to lay down:(a)the content of the notifications referred to in paragraph 1; and(b)the manner and conditions of the compilation, publication and maintenance of the list referred to in paragraph 3.ESMA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) No 1095/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 establishing a European Supervisory Authority (European Securities and Markets Authority), amending Decision No 716/2009/EC and repealing Commission Decision 2009/77/EC (OJ L 331, 15.12.2010, p. 84)..5.In order to ensure uniform conditions of application of this Article, ESMA shall develop draft implementing technical standards to lay down the timing, format and template of the submission of notifications under paragraphs 1 and 2.ESMA shall submit those draft implementing technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.Power is conferred on the Commission to adopt the implementing technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010.
Article 5Exemption for buy-back programmes and stabilisation1.The prohibitions in Articles 14 and 15 of this Regulation do not apply to trading in own shares in buy-back programmes where:(a)the full details of the programme are disclosed prior to the start of trading;(b)trades are reported as being part of the buy-back programme to the competent authority of the trading venue in accordance with paragraph 3 and subsequently disclosed to the public;(c)adequate limits with regard to price and volume are complied with; and(d)it is carried out in accordance with the objectives referred to in paragraph 2 and the conditions set out in this Article and in the regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraph 6.2.In order to benefit from the exemption provided for in paragraph 1, a buy-back programme shall have as its sole purpose:(a)to reduce the capital of an issuer;(b)to meet obligations arising from debt financial instruments that are exchangeable into equity instruments; or(c)to meet obligations arising from share option programmes, or other allocations of shares, to employees or to members of the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of the issuer or of an associate company.3.In order to benefit from the exemption provided for in paragraph 1, the issuer shall report to the competent authority of the trading venue on which the shares have been admitted to trading or are traded each transaction relating to the buy-back programme, including the information specified in Article 25(1) and (2) and Article 26(1), (2) and (3) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014.4.The prohibitions in Articles 14 and 15 of this Regulation do not apply to trading in securities or associated instruments for the stabilisation of securities where:(a)stabilisation is carried out for a limited period;(b)relevant information about the stabilisation is disclosed and notified to the competent authority of the trading venue in accordance with paragraph 5;(c)adequate limits with regard to price are complied with; and(d)such trading complies with the conditions for stabilisation laid down in the regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraph 6.5.Without prejudice to Article 23(1), the details of all stabilisation transactions shall be notified by issuers, offerors, or entities undertaking the stabilisation, whether or not they act on behalf of such persons, to the competent authority of the trading venue no later than the end of the seventh daily market session following the date of execution of such transactions.6.In order to ensure consistent harmonisation of this Article, ESMA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards to specify the conditions that buy-back programmes and stabilisation measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 4 must meet, including conditions for trading, restrictions regarding time and volume, disclosure and reporting obligations, and price conditions.ESMA shall submit those draft regulatory technical standards to the Commission by 3 July 2015.Power is delegated to the Commission to adopt the regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph in accordance with Articles 10 to 14 of Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010.
Article 6Exemption for monetary and public debt management activities and climate policy activities1.This Regulation does not apply to transactions, orders or behaviour, in pursuit of monetary, exchange rate or public debt management policy by:(a)a Member State;(b)the members of the ESCB;(c)a ministry, agency or special purpose vehicle of one or several Member States, or by a person acting on its behalf;(d)in the case of a Member State that is a federal state, a member making up the federation.2.This Regulation does not apply to transactions, orders or behaviour carried out by the Commission or any other officially designated body or by any person acting on its behalf, in pursuit of public debt management policy.This Regulation does not apply to such transactions, orders or behaviour carried out by:(a)the Union;(b)a special purpose vehicle of one or several Member States;(c)the European Investment Bank;(d)the European Financial Stability Facility;(e)the European Stability Mechanism;(f)an international financial institution established by two or more Member States which has the purpose to mobilise funding and provide financial assistance to the benefit of its members that are experiencing or threatened by severe financing problems.3.This Regulation does not apply to the activity of a Member State, the Commission or any other officially designated body, or of any person acting on their behalf, which concerns emission allowances and which is undertaken in pursuit of the Union’s climate policy in accordance with Directive 2003/87/EC.4.This Regulation does not apply to the activities of a Member State, the Commission or any other officially designated body, or of any person acting on their behalf, that are undertaken in pursuit of the Union’s Common Agricultural Policy or of the Union’s Common Fisheries Policy in accordance with acts adopted or with international agreements concluded under the TFEU.5.The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 35 to extend the exemption referred to in paragraph 1 to certain public bodies and central banks of third countries.To that end, the Commission shall, by 3 January 2016, prepare and present to the European Parliament and to the Council a report assessing the international treatment of public bodies charged with, or intervening in, public debt management and of central banks in third countries.The report shall include a comparative analysis of the treatment of those bodies and central banks within the legal framework of third countries, and the risk management standards applicable to the transactions entered into by those bodies and central banks in those jurisdictions. If the report concludes, in particular in regard to the comparative analysis, that the exemption of the monetary responsibilities of those third-country central banks from the obligations and prohibitions of this Regulation is necessary the Commission shall extend the exemption referred to in paragraph 1 also to the central banks of those third countries.6.The Commission shall also be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 35 to extend the exemption set out in paragraph 3 to certain designated public bodies of third countries that have entered into an agreement with the Union pursuant to Article 25 of Directive 2003/87/EC.7.This Article shall not apply to persons working under a contract of employment or otherwise for the entities referred to in this Article where those persons carry out transactions or orders, or engage in behaviour, directly or indirectly, on their own account.
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