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(a) "branch" of a financial or credit institution means a place of business which forms a legally dependent part of a financial or credit institution and which carries out directly all or some of the transactions inherent in the business of financial or credit institutions; (b) "brokering services" means: -
(i) the negotiation or arrangement of transactions for the purchase, sale or supply of goods and technology from a third country to any other third country, or (ii) the selling or buying of goods and technology that are located in third countries for their transfer to another third country;
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(c) "contract or transaction" means any transaction of whatever form and whatever the applicable law, whether comprising one or more contracts or similar obligations made between the same or different parties; for this purpose "contract" includes a bond, guarantee or indemnity, particularly a financial guarantee or financial indemnity, and credit, whether legally independent or not, as well as any related provision arising under, or in connection with, the transaction; (d) "credit institution" means a credit institution as defined in Article 4(1) of Directive 2006/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and pursuit of the business of credit institutionsOJ L 177, 30.6.2006, p. 1 .(e) "crude oil and petroleum products" means the products listed in Annex IV; (f) "economic resources" means assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which are not funds, but which may be used to obtain funds, goods or services; (g) "financial institution" means: -
(i) an undertaking, other than a credit institution, which carries out one or more of the operations included in points 2 to 12 and points 14 and 15 of Annex I to Directive 2006/48/EC, including the activities of currency exchange offices (bureaux de change); (ii) an insurance company duly authorised in accordance with Directive 2002/83/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 November 2002 concerning life assuranceOJ L 345, 19.12.2002, p. 1 .(iii) an investment firm as defined in point 1 of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in financial instrumentsOJ L 145, 30.4.2004, p. 1 .(iv) a collective investment undertaking marketing its units or shares; or (v) an insurance intermediary as defined in Article 2(5) of Directive 2002/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 December 2002 on insurance mediationOJ L 9, 15.1.2003, p. 3 .
including its branches, whether inside or outside the Union; -
(h) "freezing of economic resources" means preventing their use to obtain funds, goods or services in any way, including, but not limited to, by selling, hiring or mortgaging them; (i) "freezing of funds" means preventing any move, transfer, alteration, use of, access to, or dealing with funds in any way that would result in any change in their volume, amount, location, ownership, possession, character, destination or other change that would enable the funds to be used, including portfolio management; (j) "funds" means financial assets and benefits of every kind, including but not limited to: -
(i) cash, cheques, claims on money, drafts, money orders and other payment instruments; (ii) deposits with financial institutions or other entities, balances on accounts, debts and debt obligations; (iii) publicly- and privately-traded securities and debt instruments, including stocks and shares, certificates representing securities, bonds, notes, warrants, debentures and derivatives contracts; (iv) interest, dividends or other income on or value accruing from or generated by assets; (v) credit, right of set-off, guarantees, performance bonds or other financial commitments; (vi) letters of credit, bills of lading, bills of sale; (vii) documents evidencing an interest in funds or financial resources;
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(k) "goods" includes items, materials and equipment; (l) "insurance" means an undertaking or commitment whereby one or more natural or legal persons are obliged, in return for payment, to provide one or more other persons, in the event of materialisation of a risk, with an indemnity or a benefit as determined by the undertaking or commitment; (m) "reinsurance" means the activity consisting in accepting risks ceded by an insurance undertaking or by another reinsurance undertaking or, in the case of the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's, the activity consisting in accepting risks, ceded by any member of Lloyd's, by an insurance or reinsurance undertaking other than the association of underwriters known as Lloyd's; (n) "Syrian credit or financial institution" means: -
(i) any credit or financial institution domiciled in Syria, including the Central Bank of Syria; (ii) any branch or subsidiary, where it falls within the scope of Article 35, of a credit or financial institution domiciled in Syria; (iii) any branch or subsidiary, where it does not fall within the scope of Article 35, of a credit or financial institution domiciled in Syria; (iv) any credit or financial institution that is not domiciled in Syria but is controlled by one or more persons or entities domiciled in Syria;
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(o) "Syrian person, entity or body" means: -
(i) the State of Syria or any public authority thereof; (ii) any natural person in, or resident in, Syria; (iii) any legal person, entity or body having its registered office in Syria; (iv) any legal person, entity or body, inside or outside Syria, owned or controlled directly or indirectly by one or more of the above-mentioned persons or bodies;
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(p) "technical assistance" means any technical support related to repairs, development, manufacture, assembly, testing, maintenance, or any other technical service, and may take forms such as instruction, advice, training, the transmission of working knowledge or skills or consulting services; including verbal forms of assistance; (q) "territory of the Union" means the territories of the Member States to which the Treaty is applicable, under the conditions laid down in the Treaty, including their airspace; (r) "customs territory of the Union" means the territory as defined in Article 3 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2913/92 of 12 October 1992 establishing the Community Customs CodeOJ L 302, 19.10.1992, p. 1 .
Council Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 of 18 January 2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011
Modified by
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 55/2012of 23 January 2012implementing Article 33(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0055, January 24, 2012
- Council Regulation (EU) No 168/2012of 27 February 2012amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0168, February 28, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 266/2012of 23 March 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0266, March 24, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 410/2012of 14 May 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0410, May 15, 2012
- Council Regulation (EU) No 509/2012of 15 June 2012amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0509, June 16, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation 2012/544/CFSPof 25 June 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0544, June 26, 2012
- Council Regulation (EU) No 545/2012of 25 June 2012amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0545, June 26, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 673/2012of 23 July 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 673/2012 of 23 July 2012 implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria(Official Journal of the European Union L 196 of 24 July 2012), 32012R067332012R0673R(01), July 24, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 742/2012of 16 August 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 742/2012 of 16 August 2012 implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria(Official Journal of the European Union L 219 of 17 August 2012), 32012R074232012R0742R(01), August 17, 2012
- Council Regulation (EU) No 867/2012of 24 September 2012amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0867, September 25, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 944/2012of 15 October 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0944, October 16, 2012
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1117/2012of 29 November 2012implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R1117, November 30, 2012
- Council Regulation (EU) No 325/2013of 10 April 2013amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32013R0325, April 11, 2013
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 363/2013of 22 April 2013implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 363/2013 of 22 April 2013 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria(Official Journal of the European Union L 111 of 23 April 2013) Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 363/2013 of 22 April 2013 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria(Official Journal of the European Union L 111 of 23 April 2013), 32013R036332013R0363R(01)32013R0363R(03), April 23, 2013
- Council Regulation (EU) No 517/2013of 13 May 2013adapting certain regulations and decisions in the fields of free movement of goods, freedom of movement for persons, company law, competition policy, agriculture, food safety, veterinary and phytosanitary policy, transport policy, energy, taxation, statistics, trans-European networks, judiciary and fundamental rights, justice, freedom and security, environment, customs union, external relations, foreign, security and defence policy and institutions, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia, 32013R0517, June 10, 2013
- Council Regulation (EU) No 697/2013of 22 July 2013amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32013R0697, July 23, 2013
- Council Regulation (EU) No 1332/2013of 13 December 2013amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32013R1332, December 14, 2013
- Council Regulation (EU) No 124/2014of 10 February 2014amending Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32014R0124, February 11, 2014
Corrected by
- Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 673/2012 of 23 July 2012 implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0673R(01), August 9, 2012
- Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 742/2012 of 16 August 2012 implementing Article 32(1) of Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32012R0742R(01), August 23, 2012
- Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 363/2013 of 22 April 2013 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32013R0363R(01), May 4, 2013
- Corrigendum to Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 363/2013 of 22 April 2013 implementing Regulation (EU) No 36/2012 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria, 32013R0363R(03), May 9, 2013
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(a) to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, equipment, goods or technology which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which might be used for internal repression, as listed in Annex IA, whether or not originating in the Union, to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (b) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in point (a).
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(a) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance or brokering services related to equipment, goods or technology which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression as listed in Annex IA, to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (b) to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the goods and technology listed in Annex IA, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for any provision of related technical assistance to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (c) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in points (a) and (b).
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(a) the provision of technical assistance, financing and financial assistance: -
intended solely for the support of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), related to non-lethal military equipment, or equipment which might be used for internal repression, intended for humanitarian purposes or protective use or for the protection of civilians, or for institution building programmes of the UN and the Union, or for Union or UN crisis management operations, or for the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces intended for the protection of civilians, related to non-combat vehicles which have been manufactured or fitted with materials to provide ballistic protection, intended solely for the protective use of personnel of the Union and its Member States in Syria, or for the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces intended for the protection of civilians;
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(b) the provision of technical assistance, brokering services and other services for the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces intended for the protection of civilians.
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(a) technical assistance or brokering services related to equipment, goods or technology listed in Annex IX and to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of such equipment, goods and technology, directly or indirectly to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (b) financing or financial assistance related to goods and technology referred to in Annex IX, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such goods and technology, or for any provision of related technical assistance to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria.
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(a) to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance relating to the goods and technology listed in the Common Military List, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance and reinsurance and brokering services relating to insurance and reinsurance for any purchase, import or transport of such items if they originate in Syria, or are being exported from Syria to any other country; (b) to participate, knowingly or intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in point (a).
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(a) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance or brokering services related to the equipment, technology and software identified in Annex V, or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of the equipment and technology identified in Annex V or to the provision, installation, operation or updating of any software identified in Annex V, to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (b) to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the equipment, technology and software identified in Annex V, to any person, entity or body in Syria or for use in Syria; (c) to provide any telecommunication or internet monitoring or interception services of any kind to, or for the direct or indirect benefit of, the State of Syria, its Government, its public bodies, corporations and agencies or any person or entity acting on their behalf or at their direction; and (d) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in any activity the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in point (a), (b) or (c) above;
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(a) to import crude oil or petroleum products into the Union if they: -
(i) originate in Syria; or (ii) have been exported from Syria;
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(b) to purchase crude oil or petroleum products which are located in or which originated in Syria; (c) to transport crude oil or petroleum products if they originate in Syria, or are being exported from Syria to any other country; (d) to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance and re-insurance, related to the prohibitions set out in points (a), (b) and (c); and (e) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities whose object or effect is, directly or indirectly, to circumvent the prohibitions in point (a), (b), (c) or (d).
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(a) on the basis of the information available to it, including information provided by the person, entity or body requesting the authorisation, the competent authority has determined that it is reasonable to conclude that: -
(i) the activities concerned are for the purpose of providing assistance to the Syrian civilian population, in particular in view of meeting humanitarian concerns, assisting in the provision of basic services, reconstruction or restoring economic activity, or other civilian purposes; (ii) the activities concerned do not entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 14; (iii) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Regulation;
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(b) the Member State concerned has consulted in advance the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces as regards, inter alia :-
(i) the competent authority's determination under points (a) (i) and (ii); (ii) the availability of information indicating that the activities concerned might entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 of 27 December 2001 on specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities with a view to combating terrorismOJ L 344, 28.12.2001, p. 70 .27 May 2002 imposing certain specific restrictive measures directed against certain persons and entities associated with the Al-Qaida networkOJ L 139, 29.5.2002, p. 9 .
and the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has given its views to the relevant Member State. -
(c) In the absence of the receipt of views from the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces within 30 days after the request was made to them, the competent authority may proceed with its decision on whether or not to issue the authorisation.
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(a) the execution, on or prior to 15 November 2011 , of an obligation arising from a contract concluded before2 September 2011 , provided that the natural or legal person, entity or body seeking to perform the obligation concerned has notified, at least seven working days in advance, the activity or transaction to the competent authority of the Member State in which it is established, as identified on the websites listed in Annex III; or (b) the purchase of crude oil or petroleum products which had been exported from Syria prior to 2 September 2011 , or, where the export was made pursuant to point (a), on or prior to15 November 2011 .
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(a) exploration of crude oil and natural gas; (b) production of crude oil and natural gas; (c) refining; (d) liquefaction of natural gas.
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(a) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance or brokering services related to the equipment and technology listed in Annex VI, or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of goods listed in Annex VI, to any Syrian person, entity or body, or for use in Syria; (b) to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the equipment and technology listed in Annex VI, to any Syrian person, entity or body; or for use in Syria, and (c) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in any activity the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in point (a) or (b).
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(a) on the basis of the information available to it, including information provided by the person, entity or body requesting the authorisation, the competent authority has determined that it is reasonable to conclude that: -
(i) the activities concerned are for the purpose of providing assistance to the Syrian civilian population, in particular in view of meeting humanitarian concerns, assisting in the provision of basic services, reconstruction or restoring economic activity, or other civilian purposes; (ii) the activities concerned do not entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 14; (iii) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Regulation;
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(b) the Member State concerned has consulted in advance the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces as regards, inter alia :-
(i) the competent authority's determination under points (a) (i) and (ii); (ii) the availability of information indicating that the activities concerned might entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 or Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 881/2002;
and the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has given its views to the relevant Member State. -
(c) In the absence of the receipt of views from the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces within 30 days after the request was made to them, the competent authority may proceed with its decision on whether or not to issue the authorisation.
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(a) to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, gold, precious metals and diamonds, as listed in Annex VIII, whether or not originating in the Union, to the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria, any person, entity or body acting on their behalf or at their direction, or any entity or body owned or controlled by them; (b) to purchase, import or transport, directly or indirectly, gold, precious metals and diamonds, as listed in Annex VIII, whether the item concerned originates in Syria or not, from the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria and any person, entity or body acting on their behalf or at their direction, or any entity or body owned or controlled by them; and (c) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance or brokering services, financing or financial assistance, related to the goods referred to in points (a) and (b), to the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria and any person, entity or body acting on their behalf or at their direction, or any entity or body owned or controlled by them.
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(a) to sell, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly, luxury goods as listed in Annex X, to Syria; (b) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities whose object or effect is, directly or indirectly, to circumvent the prohibition referred to in point (a).
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(a) the goods were exported from Syria prior to 9 May 2011 ; or (b) the goods are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.
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(a) to sell, supply, transfer or export equipment or technology as listed in Annex VII to be used in the construction or installation in Syria of new power plants for electricity production; (b) to provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, financing or financial assistance, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance or reinsurance in relation to any project referred to in point (a).
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(a) the granting of any financial loan or credit to any Syrian person, entity or body referred to in paragraph 2; (b) the acquisition or extension of a participation in any Syrian person, entity or body referred to in paragraph 2; (c) the creation of any joint venture with any Syrian person, entity or body referred to in paragraph 2; (d) the participation, knowingly and intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions referred to in point (a), (b) or (c).
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(a) the exploration, production or refining of crude oil; or (b) the construction or installation of new power plants for electricity production.
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(a) "exploration of crude oil" includes the exploration for, prospecting for and management of crude oil reserves, as well as the provision of geological services in relation to such reserves; (b) "refining of crude oil" means the processing, conditioning or preparation of oil for the ultimately final sale of fuels.
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(a) shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements relating to: -
(i) the exploration, production or refining of crude oil, concluded before 23 September 2011 ; (ii) the construction or installation of new power plants for electricity production concluded prior to 19 January 2012 ;
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(b) shall not prevent the extension of a participation relating to: -
(i) the exploration, production or refining of crude oil, if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded before 23 September 2011 ; (ii) the construction or installation of new power plants for electricity production if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded prior to 19 January 2012 .
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(a) on the basis of the information available to it, including information provided by the person, entity or body requesting the authorisation, the competent authority has determined that it is reasonable to conclude that: -
(i) the activities concerned are for the purpose of providing assistance to the Syrian civilian population, in particular in view of meeting humanitarian concerns, assisting in the provision of basic services, reconstruction or restoring economic activity, or other civilian purposes; (ii) the activities concerned do not entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 14; (iii) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Regulation;
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(b) the Member State concerned has consulted in advance the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces as regards, inter alia :-
(i) the competent authority's determination under points (a) (i) and (ii); (ii) the availability of information indicating that the activities concerned might entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 or Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 881/2002;
and the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has given its views to the relevant Member State. -
(c) In the absence of the receipt of views from the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces within 30 days after the request was made to them, the competent authority may proceed with its decision on whether or not to issue the authorisation.
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(a) Annex II shall consist of a list of natural or legal persons, entities and bodies who, in accordance with Article 19(1) of Decision 2011/782/CFSP, have been identified by the Council as being persons or entities responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, persons and entities benefiting from or supporting the regime, and natural or legal persons and entities associated with them, and to whom Article 21 of this Regulation shall not apply; (b) Annex IIa shall consist of a list of entities which, in accordance with Article 19(1) of Decision 2011/782/CFSP, have been identified by the Council as being entities associated with the persons or entities responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, or with persons and entities benefiting from or supporting the regime, and to which Article 21 of this Regulation shall apply.
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(a) necessary to satisfy the basic needs of natural or legal persons, entities or bodies listed in Annexes II and IIa, and dependent family members of such natural persons, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges; (b) intended exclusively for payment of reasonable professional fees and reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services; (c) intended exclusively for payment of fees or service charges for routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or economic resources; (d) necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that the relevant competent authority has notified the grounds on which it considers that a specific authorisation should be granted to the competent authorities of the other Member States and to the Commission at least two weeks before the authorisation; (e) to be paid into or from an account of a diplomatic or consular mission or an international organisation enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, insofar as such payments are intended to be used for official purposes of the diplomatic or consular mission or international organisation; (f) necessary for humanitarian purposes, such as delivering or facilitating the delivery of assistance, including medical supplies, food, humanitarian workers and related assistance, and provided that, in the case of release of frozen funds or economic resources, the funds or economic resources are released to the UN for the purpose of delivering or facilitating the delivery of assistance in Syria in accordance with the Syria Humanitarian Assistance Response Plan (SHARP); (g) necessary to ensure human safety or environmental protection; (h) necessary for evacuations from Syria; (i) intended exclusively for payments by Syrian State-owned entities or the Central Bank of Syria, as listed in Annexes II and IIa, on behalf of the Syrian Arab Republic to the OPCW for activities related to the OPCW verification mission and the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons, including in particular payments to the OPCW Special Trust Fund for activities related to the complete destruction of Syrian chemical weapons outside the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic.
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(a) the funds or economic resources are the subject of an arbitral decision rendered prior to the date on which the natural or legal person, entity or body referred to in Article 14 was listed in Annex II or IIa, or of a judicial or administrative decision rendered in the Union, or a judicial decision enforceable in the Member State concerned, prior to or after that date; (b) the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a decision or recognised as valid in such a decision, within the limits set by applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of persons having such claims; (c) the decision is not for the benefit of a natural or legal person, entity or body listed in Annex II or IIa; (d) recognising the decision is not contrary to public policy in the Member State concerned.
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(a) interest or other earnings on those accounts, (b) payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that were concluded or arose before the date on which the account became subject to this Regulation; or (c) payments due under judicial, administrative or arbitral decisions rendered in a Member State or enforceable in the Member State concerned,
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(a) such payment is due under a trade contract; and (b) the competent authority of the relevant Member State has determined that the payment will not directly or indirectly be received by a person or entity listed in Annex II or Annex IIa.
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(a) a transfer by or through the Central Bank of Syria of funds or economic resources received and frozen after the date of its designation where the transfer is related to a payment due in connection with a specific trade contract; or (b) a transfer of funds or economic resources to or through the Central Bank of Syria where the transfer is related to a payment due in connection with a specific trade contract;
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(a) a transfer by or through the Commercial Bank of Syria of funds or economic resources received from outside of the territory of the Union and frozen after the date of its designation where the transfer is related to a payment due in connection with a specific trade contract for medical supplies, food, shelter, sanitation or hygiene for civilian use; or (b) a transfer of funds or economic resources from outside of the territory of the Union to or through the Commercial Bank of Syria where the transfer is related to a payment due in connection with a specific trade contract for the purpose of meeting essential civilian needs, including medical supplies, food, shelter, sanitation or hygiene for civilian use;
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(a) be prohibited from making any disbursement or payment under or in connection with any existing loan agreements entered into between the State of Syria or any public authority thereof and the EIB; and (b) suspend all existing Technical Assistance Service Contracts relating to projects financed under the loan agreements referred to in point (a), and which are intended for the direct or indirect benefit of the State of Syria or any public authority thereof to be performed in Syria.
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(a) to sell or purchase Syrian public or public-guaranteed bonds issued after 19 January 2012 , directly or indirectly, to or from any of the following:-
(i) the State of Syria or its Government, and its public bodies, corporations and agencies; (ii) any Syrian credit or financial institution; (iii) a natural person or a legal person, entity or body acting on behalf or at the direction of a legal person, entity or body referred to in (i) or (ii); (iv) a legal person, entity or body owned or controlled by a person, entity or body referred to in (i), (ii) or (iii);
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(b) to provide brokering services with regard to Syrian public or public-guaranteed bonds issued after 19 January 2012 , to a person, entity or body referred to in point (a);(c) to assist a person, entity or body referred to in point (a) in order to issue Syrian public or public-guaranteed bonds, by providing brokering services, advertising or any other service with regard to such bonds.
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(a) open a new bank account with any Syrian credit or financial institution; (b) to establish a new correspondent banking relationship with any Syrian credit or financial institution; (c) to open a new representative office in Syria or to establish a new branch or subsidiary in Syria; (d) to establish a new joint venture with any Syrian credit or financial institution.
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(a) to authorise the opening of a representative office or the establishment of a branch or subsidiary in the Union of any Syrian credit or financial institution; (b) to conclude agreements for, or on behalf of, any Syrian credit or financial institution, pertaining to the opening of a representative office or the establishment of a branch or subsidiary in the Union; (c) to grant an authorisation for taking up and pursuing the business of a credit or financial institution or for any other business requiring prior authorisation, by a representative office, branch or subsidiary of any Syrian credit or financial institution, if the representative office, branch or subsidiary was not operational before 19 January 2012 ;(d) to acquire or to extend a participation, or to acquire any other ownership interest in a credit or financial institution falling within the scope of Article 35 by any Syrian credit or financial institution.
-
(a) on the basis of the information available to it, including information provided by the person, entity or body requesting the authorisation, the competent authority has determined that it is reasonable to conclude that: -
(i) the activities concerned are for the purpose of providing assistance to the Syrian civilian population, in particular in view of meeting humanitarian concerns, assisting in the provision of basic services, reconstruction or restoring economic activity, or other civilian purposes; (ii) the activities concerned do not entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 14; (iii) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Regulation;
-
(b) the Member State concerned has consulted in advance the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces as regards, inter alia :-
(i) the competent authority's determination under points (a) (i) and (ii); (ii) the availability of information indicating that the activities concerned might entail funds or economic resources being made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of a person, entity or body referred to in Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 2580/2001 or Article 2 of Regulation (EC) No 881/2002;
and the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has given its views to the relevant Member State. -
(c) In the absence of the receipt of views from the person, entity or body designated by the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces within 30 days after the request was made to them, the competent authority may proceed with its decision on whether or not to issue the authorisation.
-
(a) to provide insurance or re-insurance to: -
(i) the State of Syria, its Government, its public bodies, corporations or agencies; or (ii) any natural or legal person, entity or body when acting on behalf or at the direction of a legal person, entity or body referred to in (i);
-
(b) to participate, knowingly and intentionally, in activities, the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions in point (a).
-
(a) the aircraft is engaged in non-scheduled international air services and landing is for non-traffic or non-commercial traffic purposes; or (b) the aircraft is engaged in scheduled international air services and landing is for non- traffic purposes;
-
(a) supply immediately any information which would facilitate compliance with this Regulation, such as accounts and amounts frozen in accordance with Article 14, to the competent authority in the Member State where they are resident or located, as indicated on the websites listed in Annex III, and shall transmit such information, either directly or through the Member States, to the Commission; and (b) cooperate with that competent authority in any verification of this information.
-
(a) within the territory of the Union, including its airspace; (b) on board any aircraft or any vessel under the jurisdiction of a Member State; (c) to any person inside or outside the territory of the Union who is a national of a Member State; (d) to any legal person, entity or body which is incorporated or constituted under the law of a Member State; (e) to any legal person, entity or body in respect of any business done in whole or in part within the Union.
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1. Fire-arms, ammunition and related accessories therefor, as follows: -
1.1 Firearms not controlled by ML 1 and ML 2 of the Common Military List; 1.2 Ammunition specially designed for the firearms listed in item 1.1 and specially designed components therefor; 1.3 Weapon-sights not controlled by the Common Military List.
-
2. Bombs and grenades not controlled by the Common Military List. 3. Vehicles as follows: -
3.1 Vehicles equipped with a water cannon, specially designed or modified for the purpose of riot control; 3.2 Vehicles specially designed or modified to be electrified to repel borders; 3.3 Vehicles specially designed or modified to remove barricades, including construction equipment with ballistic protection; 3.4 Vehicles specially designed for the transport or transfer of prisoners and/or detainees; 3.5 Vehicles specially designed to deploy mobile barriers; 3.6 Components for the vehicles specified in items 3.1 to 3.5 specially designed for the purposes of riot control. Note 1 This item does not control vehicles specially designed for the purposes of fire-fighting. Note 2 For the purposes of item 3.5 the term "vehicles" includes trailers.
-
4. Explosive substances and related equipment as follows: -
4.1 Equipment and devices specially designed to initiate explosions by electrical or non-electrical means, including firing sets, detonators, igniters, boosters and detonating cord, and specially designed components therefor; except those specially designed for a specific commercial use consisting of the actuation or operation by explosive means of other equipment or devices the function of which is not the creation of explosions (e.g., car air-bag inflaters, electric-surge arresters of fire sprinkler actuators); 4.2 Linear cutting explosive charges not controlled by the Common Military List; 4.3 Other explosives not controlled by the Common Military List and related substances as follows: -
(a) amatol; (b) nitrocellulose (containing more than 12,5 % nitrogen); (c) nitroglycol; (d) pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN); (e) picryl chloride; (f) 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).
-
-
5. Protective equipment not controlled by ML 13 of the Common Military List as follows: -
5.1 Body armour providing ballistic and/or stabbing protection; 5.2 Helmets providing ballistic and/or fragmentation protection, anti-riot helmets, antiriot shields and ballistic shields. Note: This item does not control: -
equipment specially designed for sports activities; equipment specially designed for safety of work requirements.
-
-
6. Simulators, other than those controlled by ML 14 of the Common Military List, for training in the use of firearms, and specially designed software therefor. 7. Night vision, thermal imaging equipment and image intensifier tubes, other than those controlled by the Common Military List. 8. Razor barbed wire. 9. Military knives, combat knives and bayonets with blade lengths in excess of 10 cm. 10. Production equipment specially designed for the items specified in this list. 11. Specific technology for the development, production or use of the items specified in this list.
| No | Description |
|---|---|
| I.B.1A004 |
|
| I.B.9A012 |
|
| I.B.9A350 |
|
| No | Description |
|---|---|
| I.B.2B350 |
|
| I.B.2B351 |
|
| I.B.2B352 |
|
| No | Description |
|---|---|
| I.B.1C350 |
|
| I.B.1C351 |
|
| I.B.1C352 |
|
| I.B.1C353 |
|
| I.B.1C354 |
|
| I.B.1C450 |
|
| No | Description |
|---|---|
| I.B.1D003 | "Software" specially designed or modified to enable equipment to perform the functions of equipment specified in 1A004.c. or 1A004.d. |
| I.B.2D351 | "Software", other than that specified in 1D003, specially designed for "use" of equipment specified in 2B351. |
| I.B.9D001 | "Software" specially designed or modified for the "development" of equipment or "technology", specified in 9A012. |
| I.B.9D002 | "Software" specially designed or modified for the "production" of equipment specified in 9A012. |
| No | Description |
|---|---|
| I.B.1E001 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" or "production" of equipment or materials specified in 1A004, 1C350 to 1C354 or 1C450. |
| I.B.2E001 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" of equipment or "software" specified in 2B350, 2B351, 2B352 or 2D351. |
| I.B.2E002 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "production" of equipment specified in 2B350, 2B351 or 2B352. |
| I.B.2E301 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "use" of goods specified in 2B350 to 2B352. |
| I.B.9E001 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "development" of equipment or "software", specified in 9A012 or 9A350. |
| I.B.9E002 | "Technology" according to the General Technology Note for the "production" of equipment specified in 9A350. |
| I.B.9E101 | |
| I.B.9E102 |
| No | Description | Related item from Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 |
|---|---|---|
| I.C.A.001 |
|
|
| I.C.A.002 |
|
|
| I.C.A.003 |
|
| B.001 |
| Name | Identifying information | Reasons | Date of listing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bashar () Al-Assad () | President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators. | ||
| 2. | Maher () (a.k.a. Mahir) Al-Assad () | Commander of the Army's 4th Armoured Division, member of Ba'ath Party Central Command, strongman of the Republican Guard; brother of President Bashar Al-Assad; principal overseer of violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 3. | Ali () Mamluk () (a.k.a. Mamlouk) | Head of Syrian General Intelligence Directorate (GID); involved in violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 4. | Atej () (a.k.a. Atef, Atif) Najib () (a.k.a. Najeeb) | Former Head of the Political Security Directorate in Dara'a; cousin of President Bashar Al-Assad; involved in violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 5. | Hafiz () Makhluf () (a.k.a. Hafez Makhlouf) | Colonel and Head of Unit in General Intelligence Directorate, Damascus Branch; cousin of President Bashar Al-Assad; close to Maher Al-Assad; involved in violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 6. | Muhammad () Dib () Zaytun () (a.k.a. Mohammed Dib Zeitoun) | Head of Political Security Directorate; involved in violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 7. | Amjad () Al-Abbas () | Head of Political Security in Banyas, involved in violence against demonstrators in Baida. | ||
| 8. | Rami () Makhlouf () | Syrian businessman; cousin of President Bashar Al-Assad, controls the investment funds Al Mahreq, Bena Properties, Cham Holding Syriatel, Souruh Company thereby furnishing financing and support to the regime. | ||
| 9. | Abd Al-Fatah () Qudsiyah () | Head of Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI); involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 10. | Jamil () (a.k.a. Jameel) Hassan () | Head of Syrian Air Force Intelligence; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 11. | Rustum () Ghazali () | Head of Syrian Military Intelligence, Damascus Countryside Branch; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 12. | Fawwaz () Al-Assad () | Involved in violence against the civilian population as part of the Shabiha militia. | ||
| 13. | Munzir () Al-Assad () | Involved in violence against the civilian population as part of the Shabiha militia. | ||
| 14. | Asif () Shawkat () | Deputy Chief of Staff for Security and Reconnaissance; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 15. | Hisham () khtiyar (,,) (a.k.a. Al Ikhtiyar, Bikhtiyar, Bikhtyar, Bekhtyar, Bikhtiar, Bekhtyar) | |||
| 16. | Faruq () (a.k.a. Farouq, Farouk) Al Shar' () (a.k.a. Al Char', Al Shara', Al Shara) | Date of birth: |
Vice-President of Syria; involved in violence against the civilian population. | |
| 17. | Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohamad Nasif () (a.k.a. Naseef, Nassif, Nasseef, Nasief) Khayrbik (,) (a.k.a. Khier Bek) | Deputy Vice-President of Syria for National Security Affairs; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 18. | Mohamed () Hamcho () | Syrian businessman and local agent for several foreign companies; associate of Maher al-Assad, managing a part of his financial and economic interests and as such provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 19. | Iyad () (a.k.a. Eyad) Makhlouf () | Brother of Rami Makhlouf and GID Officer involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 20. | Bassam () Al Hassan () (a.k.a. Al Hasan) | Presidential Advisor for Strategic Affairs; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 21. | Dawud Rajiha | |||
| 22. | Ihab () (a.k.a. Ehab, Iehab) Makhlouf () | President of Syriatel, which transfers 50 % of its profits to the Syrian government by way of its licencing contract. | ||
| 23. | Zoulhima () (a.k.a. Zu al-Himma) Chaliche () (a.k.a., Shalish, Shaleesh) (a.k.a. Dhu al-Himma Shalish) | Head of presidential security; involved in violence against demonstrators; first cousin of President Bashar Al-Assad. | ||
| 24. | Riyad () Chaliche () (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh) (a.k.a. Riyad Shalish) | Director of Military Housing Establishment; provides funding to the regime; first cousin of President Bashar Al-Assad. | ||
| 25. | Brigadier Commander Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali () Jafari () (a.k.a. Jaafari, Ja'fari, Aziz; a.k.a. Jafari, Ali; a.k.a. Jafari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Ja'fari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Jafari-Naja-fabadi, Mohammad Ali) | General Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. | ||
| 26. | Major General Qasem () Soleimani () (a.k.a. Qasim Soleimany) | Commander of Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, IRGC - Qods, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. | ||
| 27. | Hossein Taeb (a.k.a. Taeb, Hassan; a.k.a. Taeb, Hosein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hossein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hussayn; a.k.a. Hojjatoleslam Hossein Ta'eb) | Deputy Commander for Intelligence of Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. | ||
| 28. | Khalid () (a.k.a. Khaled) Qaddur () (a.k.a. Qadour, Qaddour) | Business associate of Maher Al-Assad; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 29. | Ra'if () Al-Quwatly () (a.k.a. Ri'af Al-Quwatli a.k.a. Raeef Al-Kouatly) | Business associate of Maher Al-Assad and responsible for managing some of his business interests; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 30. | Mohammad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) Mufleh () (a.k.a. Muflih) | Head of Syrian Military Intelligence in the town of Hama, involved in the crackdown on demonstrators. | ||
| 31. | Major General Tawfiq () (a.k.a. Tawfik) Younes () (a.k.a. Yunes) | Head of the Department for Internal Security of the General Intelligence Directorate; involved in violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 32. | Mr Mohammed () Makhlouf () (a.k.a. Abu Rami) | Close associate and maternal uncle of Bashar and Mahir al-Assad. Business associate and father of Rami, Ihab and Iyad Makhlouf. | ||
| 33. | Ayman () Jabir () (a.k.a. Jaber) | Place of birth: Latakia | Associate of Mahir al-Assad for the Shabiha militia. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population and coordination of Shabiha militia groups | |
| 34. | Hayel () Al-Assad () | Assistant to Maher Al-Assad, Head of the military police unit of the army's 4th Division, involved in repression. | ||
| 35. | Ali () Al-Salim () (a.k.a. Al-Saleem) | Director of the supplies office of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, entry point for all arms acquisitions by the Syrian army. | ||
| 36. | Nizar Al-Assad () | Cousin of Bashar Al-Assad; previously head of the "Nizar Oilfield Supplies" company | Very close to key government officials. Financing Shabiha in the region of Latakia. | |
| 37. | Brigadier-General Rafiq () (a.k.a. Rafeeq) Shahadah () (a.k.a. Shahada, Shahade, Shahadeh, Chahada, Chahade, Chahadeh, Chahada) | Head of Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch 293 (Internal Affairs) in Damascus. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Damascus. Advisor to President Bashar Al-Assad for strategic questions and military intelligence. | ||
| 38. | Brigadier-General Jamea () Jamea () (a.k.a. Jami Jami, Jame', Jami') | Branch Chief for Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) in Dayr az-Zor. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Dayr az-Zor and Alboukamal. | ||
| 39. | Hassan Bin-Ali Al-Turkmani | |||
| 40. | Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Said () (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) Bukhaytan () | Assistant Regional Secretary of Ba'ath Arab Socialist Party since 2005, 2000-2005 Director for the national security of the regional Ba'ath party. Former Governor of Hama (1998-2000). Close associate of President Bashar Al-Assad and Maher Al-Assad. Senior decision-maker in the regime on repression of civilian population. | ||
| 41. | Ali () Douba () | Responsible for killings in Hama in 1980, has been called back to Damascus as special advisor to President Bashar Al-Assad. | ||
| 42. | Brigadier-General Nawful () (a.k.a. Nawfal, Nofal) Al-Husayn () (a.k.a. Al-Hussain, Al-Hussein) | Idlib Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch Chief. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Idlib province. | ||
| 43. | Brigadier Husam () Sukkar () | Presidential Adviser on Security Affairs. Presidential Adviser for security agencies' repression and violence against the civilian population. | ||
| 44. | Brigadier-General Muhammed () Zamrini () | Branch Chief for Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) in Homs. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Homs. | ||
| 45. | Lieutenant-General Munir () (a.k.a. Mounir, Mouneer, Monir, Moneer, Muneer) Adanov () (a.k.a. Adnuf, Adanof) | Born 1951 | Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training for Syrian Army. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Syria. | |
| 46. | Brigadier-General Ghassan () Khalil () (a.k.a. Khaleel) | Head of General Intelligence Directorate's (GID) Information Branch. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Syria. | ||
| 47. | Mohammed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohamed) Jabir () (a.k.a. Jaber) | Place of birth: Latakia | Shabiha militia. Associate of Maher Al-Assad for the Shabiha militia. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population and coordination of Shabiha militia groups. | |
| 48. | Samir () Hassan () | Close business associate of Maher Al-Assad. Known for supporting the Syrian regime financially. | ||
| 49. | Fares () Chehabi () (a.k.a. Fares Shihabi; Fares Chihabi) | President of Aleppo Chamber of Industry. Vice-chairman of Cham Holding. Provides economic support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 50. | Tarif () Akhras (,) (a.k.a. Al Akhras) | Prominent businessman benefiting from and supporting the regime. Founder of the Akhras Group (commodities, trading, processing and logistics) and former Chairman of the Homs Chamber of Commerce. Close business relations with President Al-Assad's family. Member of the Board of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Commerce. Provided industrial and residential premises for improvised detention camps, as well as logistical support for the regime (buses and tank loaders). | ||
| 51. | Issam () Anbouba () | Providing financial support for the repressive apparatus and the paramilitary groups exerting violence against the civil population in Syria. Providing property (premises, warehouses) for improvised detention centers. Financial relations with high Syrian officials. | ||
| 52. | Mazen () al-Tabba () | Business partner of Ihab Makhlour and Nizar al-Assad (became subject to sanctions on |
||
| 53. | Adib () Mayaleh () | Adib Mayaleh is responsible for providing economic and financial support to the Syrian regime through his functions as the Governor of the Central Bank of Syria. | ||
| 54. | Major General Jumah () Al-Ahmad () (a.k.a. Al-Ahmed) | Commander Special Forces. Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. | ||
| 55. | Colonel Lu'ai () (a.k.a. Louay) al-Ali () | Head of Syrian Military Intelligence, Dara'a Branch. Responsible for the violence against protesters in Dara'a. | ||
| 56. | Lt. General Ali () Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) Ayyub () | Deputy Chief of General Staff (Personnel and Manpower). Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. | ||
| 57. | Lt. General Jasim () (a.k.a. Jasem, Jassim, Jassem) al-Furayj () (a.k.a. Al-Freij) | Chief of General staff. Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. | ||
| 58. | General Aous () (Aws) Aslan () | Born: 1958 | Head of Battalion in the Republican Guard. Close to Maher al-Assad and President al-Assad. Involved in the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria. | |
| 59. | General Ghassan () Belal () | General in command of the 4th Division reserve bureau. Adviser to Maher al-Assad and coordinator of security operations. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria. | ||
| 60. | Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) Berri () | Head of Berri family militia. In charge of pro-government militia involved in the crackdown on the civilian population in Aleppo. | ||
| 61. | George () Chaoui () | Member of Syrian electronic army. Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. | ||
| 62. | Major General Zuhair () (a.k.a. Zouheir, Zuheir, Zouhair) Hamad () | Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and for intimidation and torture of protestors. | ||
| 63. | Amar () (a.k.a. Ammar) Ismael () (a.k.a. Ismail) | Civilian - Head of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. | ||
| 64. | Mujahed () Ismail () (a.k.a. Ismael) | Member of Syrian electronic army. Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria. | ||
| 65. | Major General Nazih () | Deputy Director of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors. | ||
| 66. | Kifah () Moulhem () (a.k.a. Moulhim, Mulhem, Mulhim) | Batallion Commander in the 4th Division. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population in Deir el-Zor. | ||
| 67. | Major General Wajih () (a.k.a. Wajeeh) Mahmud () | Commander 18th Armoured Division. Responsible for the violence against protestors in Homs. | ||
| 68. | Bassam () Sabbagh (,) (a.k.a. Al Sabbagh) | Legal and financial adviser and manages affairs of Rami Makhlouf and Khaldoun Makhlouf. Involved with Bashar al-Assad in funding a real estate project in Latakia. Provides financial support for the regime. | ||
| 69. | Lt. General Talal () Mustafa () Tlass () | Deputy Chief of General Staff (Logistics and supplies). Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria. | ||
| 70. | Major General Fu'ad () Tawil () | Deputy head Syrian Air Force Intelligence. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors. | ||
| 71. | Bushra () Al-Assad () (a.k.a. Bushra Shawkat) | Date of birth: |
Sister of Bashar Al-Assad and wife of Asif Shawkat, Deputy Chief of Staff for Security and Reconnaissance. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to the Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad and other core Syrian regime figures, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime. | |
| 72. | Asma () Al-Assad () (a.k.a. Asma Fawaz Al Akhras) | Wife of Bashar Al-Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to the Syrian President, Bashar Al-Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime. | ||
| 73. | Manal () Al-Assad () (a.k.a. Manal Al Ahmad) | Spouse of Maher Al-Assad, and as such benefiting from and closely associated with the regime. | ||
| 74. | Anisa () (a.k.a. Anissa, Aneesa, Aneessa) Al-Assad () (a.k.a. Anisah Al-Assad) | Mother of President Al-Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to the Syrian President, Bashar Al-Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime. | ||
| 75. | Lt. General Fahid () (a.k.a. Fahd) Al-Jassim () | Chief of Staff. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 76. | Major General Ibrahim () Al-Hassan () (a.k.a. Al-Hasan) | Deputy Chief of Staff. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 77. | Brigadier Khalil () (a.k.a. Khaleel) Zghraybih (,) (a.k.a. Zghraybeh, Zghraybe, Zghrayba, Zghraybah, Zaghraybeh, Zaghraybe, Zaghrayba, Zaghraybah, Zeghraybeh, Zeghraybe, Zeghrayba, Zeghraybah, Zughraybeh, Zughraybe, Zughrayba, Zughraybah, Zighraybeh, Zighraybe, Zighrayba, Zighraybah) | 14th Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 78. | Brigadier Ali () Barakat () | 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 79. | Brigadier Talal () Makhluf () (a.k.a. Makhlouf) | 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 80. | Brigadier Nazih () (a.k.a. Nazeeh) Hassun () (a.k.a. Hassoun) | Syrian Air Force Intelligence. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 81. | Captain Maan () (a.k.a. Ma'an) Jdiid () (a.k.a. Jdid, Jedid, Jedeed, Jadeed, Jdeed) | Presidential Guard. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 82. | Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Al-Shaar () (a.k.a. Al-Chaar, Al-Sha'ar, Al-Cha'ar) | Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 83. | Khald () (a.k.a. Khaled) Al-Taweel () (a.k.a. Al-Tawil) | Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 84. | Ghiath () Fayad () (a.k.a. Fayyad) | Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. | ||
| 85. | Brigadier General Jawdat () Ibrahim () Safi () | Commander of 154th Regiment | Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo'adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma. | |
| 86. | Major General Muhammad () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali () Durgham | Commander in 4th Division | Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo'adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma. | |
| 87. | Major General Ramadan () Mahmoud () Ramadan () | Commander of 35th Special Forces Regiment | Ordered troops to shoot protestors in Baniyas and Deraa. | |
| 88. | Brigadier General Ahmed () (a.k.a. Ahmad) Yousef () (a.k.a. Youssef) Jarad () (a.k.a. Jarrad) | Commander of 132nd Brigade | Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in Deraa, including the use of machine guns and anti-aircraft guns. | |
| 89. | Major General Naim () (a.k.a. Naaeem, Naeem, Na'eem, Naaim, Na'im) Jasem () Suleiman () | Commander of the 3rd Division | Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma. | |
| 90. | Brigadier General Jihad () Mohamed () (a.k.a Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Sultan () | Commander of 65th Brigade | Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma. | |
| 91. | Major General Fo'ad () (a.k.a. Fouad, Fu'ad) Hamoudeh () (a.k.a. Hammoudeh, Hammoude, Hammouda, Hammoudah) | Commander of the military operations in Idlib | Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Idlib at the beginning of September 2011. | |
| 92. | Major General Bader () Aqel () | Special Forces Commander | Gave the soldiers orders to pick up the bodies and hand them over to the mukhabarat and responsible for the violence in Bukamal. | |
| 93. | Brigadier General Ghassan () Afif () (a.k.a. Afeef) | Commander from the 45th Regiment | Commander of military operations in Homs, Baniyas and Idlib. | |
| 94. | Brigadier General Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Maaruf () (a.k.a. Maarouf, Ma'ruf) | Commander from the 45th Regiment | Commander of military operations in Homs. Gave orders to shoot protestors in Homs. | |
| 95. | Brigadier General Yousef () Ismail () (a.k.a. Ismael) | Commander of the 134th Brigade | Gave orders to troops to shoot at houses and people on roofs during a funeral in Talbiseh for protesters killed the previous day. | |
| 96. | Brigadier General Jamal () Yunes () (a.k.a. Younes) | Commander of the 555th Regiment | Gave orders to troops to shoot at protestors in Mo'adamiyeh. | |
| 97. | Brigadier General Mohsin () Makhlouf () | Gave orders to troops to shoot at protestors in Al-Herak. | ||
| 98. | Brigadier General Ali () Dawwa | Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Al-Herak. | ||
| 99. | Brigadier General Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Khaddor () (a.k.a. Khaddour, Khaddur, Khadour, Khudour) | Commander of the 106th Brigade, Presidential Guard | Gave orders to troops to beat the protesters with sticks and then arrest them. Responsible for repression of peaceful protestors in Douma. | |
| 100. | Major General Suheil () (a.k.a. Suhail) Salman () Hassan () | Commander of 5th Division | Gave orders to troops to shoot at the protesters in Deraa Governorate. | |
| 101. | Wafiq () (a.k.a. Wafeeq) Nasser () | Head of Suwayda Regional Branch (Department of Military Intelligence) | As Head of the Suwayda branch of the Department for Military Intelligence, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Suwayda. | |
| 102. | Ahmed () (a.k.a. Ahmad) Dibe () (a.k.a. Dib, Deeb) | Head of Deraa Regional Branch (General Security Directorate) | As Head of the Deraa Regional Branch of the General Security Directorate, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Deraa. | |
| 103. | Makhmoud () (a.k.a. Mahmoud) al-Khattib () (a.k.a. Al-Khatib, Al-Khateeb) | Head of Investigative Branch (Political Security Directorate) | As Head of the Investigative Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees. | |
| 104. | Mohamed () (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Heikmat () (a.k.a. Hikmat, Hekmat) Ibrahim () | Head of Operations Branch (Political Security Directorate) | As Head of the Operations Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees. | |
| 105. | Nasser () (a.k.a. Naser) Al-Ali () (a.k.a. Brigadier General Nasr al-Ali) | Head of Deraa Regional Branch (Political Security Directorate) | As Head of the Deraa Regional Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees. Since April 2012 Head of the Deraa site of the Political Security Directorate (ex-head of the Homs branch). | |
| 106. | Dr. Wael () Nader () Al –Halqi () (a.k.a. Al-Halki) | Prime Minister and former Minister of Health. As Prime Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 107. | Mohammad () (Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ibrahim () Al-Sha'ar () (a.k.a. Al-Chaar, Al-Shaar) (a.k.a. Mohammad Ibrahim Al-Chaar) | Minister of the Interior. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 108. | Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Al-Jleilati (,) | Minister of Finance. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 109. | Imad () Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Deeb Khamis () (a.k.a.: Imad Mohammad Dib Khamees) | Minister of Electricity. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 110. | Omar () Ibrahim () Ghalawanji () | Vice Prime Minister for Services Affairs, Minister of Local Administration. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 111. | Joseph () (a.k.a. Josef) Suwaid () (a.k.a. Swaid) (a.k.a. Joseph Jergi Sweid, Joseph Jirgi Sweid) | Minister of State. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 112. | Eng Hussein () (a.k.a. Hussain) Mahmoud () Farzat () (a.k.a.: Hussein Mahmud Farzat) | Minister of State. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 113. | Mansour ()Fadlallah ()Azzam () (a.k.a.: Mansur Fadl Allah Azzam) | Minister for Presidency Affairs. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 114. | Dr. Emad () Abdul-Ghani () Sabouni () (a.k.a.: Imad Abdul Ghani Al Sabuni) | Minister of Telecommunications and Technology. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 115. | General Ali () Habib () (a.k.a. Habeeb) Mahmoud () | Former Minister of Defence. Associated with the Syrian regime and the Syrian military, and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 116. | Tayseer () Qala () Awwad () | Former Minister of Justice. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 117. | Dr Adnan () Hassan () Mahmoud () | Former Minister of Information. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 118. | Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Nidal () Al-Shaar () (a.k.a. Al-Chaar, Al-Sha'ar, Al-Cha'ar) | Former Minister of Economy and Trade. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 119. | Sufian () Allaw () | Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 120. | Dr Adnan () Slakho () | Former Minister of Industry. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 121. | Dr. Saleh () Al-Rashed () | Former Minister of Education. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 122. | Dr. Fayssal () (a.k.a. Faysal) Abbas () | Former Minister of Transport. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 123. | Ghiath () Jeraatli () (Jer'atli, Jir'atli, Jiraatli) | Former Minister of State. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 124. | Yousef () Suleiman () Al-Ahmad () (a.k.a. Al-Ahmed) | Former Minister of State. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 125. | Hassan (,) al-Sari () | Former Minister of State. Associated with the regime and its violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 126. | Bouthaina () Shaaban () (a.k.a. Buthaina Shaaban) | Political and Media Advisor to the President since July 2008 and as such associated with the violent crackdown on the population. | ||
| 127. | Brigadier General Sha'afiq () (a.k.a. Shafiq, Shafik) Masa () (a.k.a. Massa) | Head of Branch 215 (Damascus) of the army's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of detained opponents. Involved in repressive actions against civilians. | ||
| 128. | Brigadier General Burhan () Qadour () (a.k.a. Qaddour, Qaddur) | Head of Branch 291 (Damascus) of the army's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 129. | Brigadier General Salah () Hamad () | Deputy Head of Branch 291 of the army's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 130. | Brigadier General Muhammad () (or: Mohammed) Khallouf () (a.k.a. Abou Ezzat) | Head of Branch 235, a.k.a. "Palestine" (Damascus) of the army's intelligence service, which is at the centre of the army's apparatus of repression. Directly involved in repression of opponents. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 131. | Major General Riad () (a.k.a. Riyad) al-Ahmed () (a.k.a. Al-Ahmad) | Deputy Head of Latakia Branch of the army's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture and murder of opponents in custody. | ||
| 132. | Brigadier General Abdul- Salam (,) Fajr Mahmoud () | Head of the Bab Tuma (Damascus) Branch of the air force's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 133. | Brigadier General Jawdat () al-Ahmed () (a.k.a. Al-Ahmad) | Head of the Homs Branch of the air force's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 134. | Colonel Qusay () Mihoub () | Head of the Deraa branch of the air force's intelligence service (sent from Damascus to Deraa at the start of demonstrations there). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 135. | Colonel Suhail () (a.k.a. Suheil) Al-Abdullah () (a.k.a. Al- Abdallah) | Head of the Latakia Branch of the air force's intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 136. | Brigadier General Khudr () Khudr () | Head of the Latakia branch of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 137. | Brigadier General Ibrahim () Ma'ala () (a.k.a. Maala, Maale) | Head of branch 285 (Damascus) of the General Intelligence Directorate (replaced Brig. Gen. Hussam Fendi at end 2011). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 138. | Brigadier General Firas () Al-Hamed () (a.k.a. Al-Hamid) | Head of branch 318 (Homs) of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 139. | Brigadier General Hussam () (a.k.a. Husam, Housam, Houssam) Luqa () (a.k.a. Louqa, Louca, Louka, Luka) | Since April 2012, head of the Homs branch of the Political Security Directorate (succeeded Brig. Gen. Nasr al-Ali). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. | ||
| 140. | Brigadier General Taha () Taha () | Site manager of the Latakia branch of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody | ||
| 141. | Bassel () (a.k.a. Basel) Bilal () | Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. | ||
| 142. | Ahmad () (a.k.a. Ahmed) Kafan () | Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. | ||
| 143. | Bassam () al-Misri () | Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison. | ||
| 144. | Ahmed () (a.k.a. Ahmad) al-Jarroucheh () (a.k.a. Al-Jarousha, Al-Jarousheh, Al-Jaroucha, Al-Jarouchah, Al-Jaroucheh) | Born: 1957 | Head of the foreign branch of General Intelligence (branch 279). As such, responsible for General Intelligence arrangements in Syrian embassies. He participates directly in the repression implemented by the Syrian authorities against opponents and in particular has responsibility for repression of the Syrian opposition abroad. | |
| 145. | Michel () Kassouha () (a.k.a. Kasouha) (a.k.a. Ahmed Salem; a.k.a. Ahmed Salem Hassan) | Date of birth: |
Member of the Syrian security services since the early 1970s, he is involved in combating opposition in France and Germany. Since March 2006, has been responsible for public relations of branch 273 of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate. A longstanding member of the managerial staff, he is close to General Intelligence Directorate head Ali Mamlouk, one of the top security officials of the regime who has been subject to EU restrictive measures since |
|
| 146. | General Ghassan () Jaoudat () Ismail () (a.k.a. Ismael) | Responsible for the missions branch of the air force intelligence service, which, in cooperation with the special operations branch, manages the elite troops of the air force intelligence service, who play an important role in the repression conducted by the regime. As such, Ghassan Jaoudat Ismail is one of the military leaders directly implementing the repression of opponents conducted by the regime. | ||
| 147. | General Amer () al-Achi () (a.k.a. Amis al Ashi; a.k.a. Ammar Aachi; a.k.a. Amer Ashi) | Graduate of the military school of Aleppo, head of the intelligence branch of the air force intelligence service (since 2012), close to Daoud Rajah, Syrian Minister for Defence. Through his role in the air force intelligence service, Amer al-Achi is implicated in the repression of the Syrian opposition. | ||
| 148. | General Mohammed () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammad) Ali () Nasr () (or: Mohammed Ali Naser) | Born: around 1960. | Close to Maher Al-Assad, younger brother of the President. Most of his career has been spent in the Republican Guard. In 2010 he joined the internal branch (or branch 251) of the General Intelligence Directorate which is responsible for combating the political opposition. As one of its senior officers, General Mohammed Ali is directly involved in the repression of opponents. | |
| 149. | General Issam () Hallaq () | Air Force Chief of Staff since 2010. Commands air operations against opponents. | ||
| 150. | Ezzedine () Ismael () (a.k.a. Ismail) | Retired general, longstanding member of the managerial staff of the air force intelligence service, of which he became the head in the early 2000s. Was appointed political and security adviser to the President in 2006. As political and security adviser to the Syrian president, Ezzedine Ismael is implicated in the political repression conducted by the regime against the opposition. | ||
| 151. | Samir () (a.k.a. Sameer) Joumaa () (a.k.a. Jumaa, Jum'a, Joum'a) (a.k.a. Abou Sami) | Born: around 1962 | For almost 20 years he has been head of the office of Muhammad Nasif Khayrbik, one of the main security advisers of Bashar al-Assad (and officially deputy to the Vice- President, Faruq Al Shar'). Samir Joumaa's closeness to Bashar al-Assad and Muhammad Nasif Khayrbik means that he is implicated in the policy of repression conducted by the regime against its opponents. | |
| 152. | Dr. Qadri () (a.k.a. Kadri) Jamil () (a.k.a. Jameel) | Vice Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer's Protection. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 153. | Waleed () (a.k.a. Walid) Al Mo'allem () (a.k.a. Al Moallem, Muallem) | Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 154. | Major general Fahd () Jassem () Al Freij () (a.k.a. Al-Furayj) | Minister of Defence and military commander. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 155. | Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Abdul-Sattar () (a.k.a. Abd al-Sattar) Al Sayed () (a.k.a. Al Sayyed) | Minister of Religious Endowments. As Government Minister, shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 156. | Eng. Hala () Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Al Nasser () | Minister of Tourism. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 157. | Eng. Bassam () Hanna () | Minister of Water Resources. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 158. | Eng. Subhi () Ahmad () Al Abdallah () (a.k.a. Al-Abdullah) | Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 159. | Dr. Mohammad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) Yahiya () (a.k.a. Yehya, Yahya, Yihya, Yihia, Yahia) Moalla () (a.k.a. Mu'la, Ma'la, Muala, Maala, Mala) | Minister of Higher Education. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 160. | Dr. Hazwan Al Wez (a.k.a. Al Wazz) | Minister of Education. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 161. | Dr. Mohamad () (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammad) Zafer () (a.k.a. Dhafer) Mohabak () (a.k.a. Mohabbak, Muhabak, Muhabbak) | Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 162. | Dr. Mahmoud () Ibraheem () (a.k.a. Ibrahim) Sa'iid () (a.k.a. Said, Sa'eed, Saeed) | Minister of Transport. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 163. | Dr. Safwan () Al Assaf () | Minister of Housing and Urban Development. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 164. | Eng. Yasser () (a.k.a. Yaser) Al Siba'ii () (a.k.a. Al-Sibai, Al-Siba'i, Al Sibaei) | Minister of Public Works. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 165. | Eng Sa'iid () (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) Ma'thi () (a.k.a. Mu'zi, Mu'dhi, Ma'dhi, Ma'zi, Maazi) Hneidi () | Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 166. | Dr. Lubana () (a.k.a. Lubanah) Mushaweh () (a.k.a. Mshaweh, Mshawweh, Mushawweh) | Minister of Culture. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 167. | Dr. Jassem () (a.k.a. Jasem) Mohammad () (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Zakaria () | Born 1968 | Minister of Labour and Social Affairs. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | |
| 168. | Omran () Ahed () Al Zu'bi () (a.k.a. Al Zoubi, Al Zo'bi, Al Zou'bi) | Minister of Information. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 169. | Dr. Adnan () Abdo () (a.k.a. Abdou) Al Sikhny () (a.k.a. Al-Sikhni, Al-Sekhny, Al-Sekhni) | Minister of Industry. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 170. | Najm () (a.k.a. Nejm) Hamad () Al Ahmad () (a.k.a. Al-Ahmed) | Minister of Justice. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 171. | Dr. Abdul- Salam (,) Al Nayef () | Minister of Health. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 172. | Dr. Ali () Heidar () (a.k.a. Haidar, Heydar, Haydar) | State Minister for National Reconciliation Affairs. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 173. | Dr. Nazeera () (a.k.a. Nazira, Nadheera, Nadhira) Farah () Sarkees () (a.k.a. Sarkis) | State Minister for Environmental Affairs. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 174. | Mohammed () Turki () Al Sayed () | State Minister. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 175. | Najm-eddin () (a.k.a. Nejm-eddin, Nejm-eddeen, Najm-eddeen, Nejm-addin, Nejm-addeen, Najm-addeen, Najm-addin) Khreit () (a.k.a. Khrait) | State Minister. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 176. | Abdullah () (a.k.a. Abdallah) Khaleel () (a.k.a. Khalil) Hussein () (a.k.a. Hussain) | State Minister. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 177. | Jamal () Sha'ban () (a.k.a. Shaaban) Shaheen () | State Minister. As Government Minister shares responsibility for the regime's violent repression against the civilian population. | ||
| 178. | Sulieman () Maarouf () (a.k.a. Suleiman Maarouf, Sulayman Ma'ruf, Sleiman Maarouf; Sulaiman Maarouf) | Passport: in possession of a UK passport | Businessman close to President Al-Assad's family. Owns shares in the listed TV station Addounia TV. Close to Muhammad Nasif Khayrbik, who has been designated. Supports the Syrian regime. | |
| 179. | Razan () Othman () | She has close personal and financial relations with Rami Makhlouf, cousin of president Bashar Al-Assad and principal financer of the regime, who has been designated. As such, associated with the Syrian regime, and benefiting from it. |
| Name | Identifying information | Reasons | Date of listing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bena Properties | Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 2. | Al Mashreq Investment Fund (AMIF) (alias Sunduq Al Mashrek Al Istithmari) | Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 3. | Hamcho International (Hamsho International Group) | Controlled by Mohammad Hamcho or Hamsho; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 4. | Military Housing Establishment (alias MILIHOUSE) | Public works company controlled by Riyad Shalish and Ministry of Defence; provides funding to the regime. | ||
| 5. | Political Security Directorate | Syrian government agency directly involved in repression. | ||
| 6. | General Intelligence Directorate | Syrian government agency directly involved in repression. | ||
| 7. | Military Intelligence Directorate | Syrian government agency directly involved in repression. | ||
| 8. | Air Force Intelligence Agency | Syrian government agency directly involved in repression. | ||
| 9. | IRGC Qods Force (Quds Force) | Teheran, Iran | The Qods (or Quds) Force is a specialist arm of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The Qods Force is involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syria regime suppress protests in Syria. IRGC Qods Force has provided technical assistance, equipment and support to the Syrian security services to repress civilian protest movements. | |
| 10. | Mada Transport | Economic entity financing the regime. | ||
| 11. | Cham Investment Group | Economic entity financing the regime. | ||
| 12. | Real Estate Bank | State-owned bank providing financial support for the regime. | ||
| 13. | Addounia TV (a.k.a. Dounia TV) | Addounia TV has incited violence against the civilian population in Syria. | ||
| 14. | Cham Holding | Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; largest holding company in Syria, benefiting from and supporting the regime. | ||
| 15. | El-Tel. Co. (El-Tel. Middle East Company) | Manufacturing and supplying communication and transmission towers and other equipment for the Syrian army. | ||
| 16. | Ramak Constructions Co. | Construction of military barracks, border post barracks and other buildings for Army needs. | ||
| 17. | Souruh Company (a.k.a. SOROH Al Cham Company) | Investment in local military industrial projects, manufacturing weapons parts and related items. 100 % of the company is owned by Rami Makhlouf. | ||
| 18. | Syriatel | Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; provides financial support to the regime: through its licensing contract it pays 50 % of its profits to the Government. | ||
| 19. | Cham Press TV | Television channel which participates in campaigns to spread disinformation and incite violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 20. | Al Watan | Daily newspaper which participates in campaigns to spread disinformation and incite violence against demonstrators. | ||
| 21. | Centre d'études et de recherches syrien (CERS) (a.k.a.; Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique (CERS); Scientific Studies and Research Center (SSRC); Centre de Recherche de Kaboun) | Provides support to the Syrian army for the acquisition of equipment used directly for the surveillance and repression of demonstrators. | ||
| 22. | Business Lab | Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS. | ||
| 23. | Industrial Solutions | Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS. | ||
| 24. | Mechanical Construction Factory (MCF) | Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS. | ||
| 25. | Syronics – Syrian Arab Co. for Electronic Industries | Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS. | ||
| 26. | Handasieh – Organization for Engineering Industries | Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS. | ||
| 27. | Syria Trading Oil Company (Sytrol) | State-owned company responsible for all oil exports from Syria. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 28. | General Petroleum Corporation (GPC) | State-owned oil company. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 29. | Al Furat Petroleum Company | Joint venture 50 % owned by GPC. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 30. | Industrial Bank | State-owned bank. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 31. | Popular Credit Bank | State-owned bank. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 32. | Saving Bank | State-owned bank. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 33. | Agricultural Cooperative Bank | State-owned bank. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 34. | Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank | Subsidiary of the Commercial Bank of Syria already listed. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 35. | Deir ez-Zur Petroleum Company | Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 36. | Ebla Petroleum Company | Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 37. | Dijla Petroleum Company | Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 38. | Central Bank of Syria | Providing financial support to the regime. | ||
| 39. | Syrian Petroleum company | State-owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 40. | Mahrukat Company (The Syrian Company for the Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products) | State-owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 41. | General Organisation of Tobacco | Provides financial support to the Syrian regime. The General Organisation of Tobacco is wholly owned by the Syrian state. The profits that the organisation makes, including through the sale of licenses to market foreign brands of tobacco and taxes levied on imports of foreign brands of tobacco are transferred to the Syrian state. | ||
| 42. | Ministry of Defence | Syrian government branch directly involved in repression. | ||
| 43. | Ministry of Interior | Syrian government branch directly involved in repression. | ||
| 44. | Syrian National Security Bureau | Syrian government branch and element of the Syrian Ba'ath Party. Directly involved in repression. It directed Syrian security forces to use extreme force against demonstrators. | ||
| 45. | Syria International Islamic Bank (SIIB) (a.k.a.: Syrian International Islamic Bank; a.k.a. SIIB) | SIIB has acted as a front for the Commercial Bank of Syria, which has allowed that bank to circumvent sanctions imposed on it by the EU. From 2011 to 2012, SIIB surreptitiously facilitated financing worth almost $150 million on behalf of the Commercial Bank of Syria. Financial arrangements that were purportedly made by SIIB were actually made by the Commercial Bank of Syria. In addition to working with the Commercial Bank of Syria to circumvent sanctions, in 2012, SIIB facilitated several substantial payments for the Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank, another bank already designated by the EU. In these ways, SIIB has contributed to providing financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 46. | General Organisation of Radio and TV (a.k.a. Syrian Directorate General of Radio & Television Est; a.k.a. General Radio and Television Corporation; a.k.a. Radio and Television Corporation; a.k.a. GORT) | State-run agency subordinate to Syria's Ministry of Information and as such supports and promotes its information policy. It is responsible for operating Syria's state-owned television channels, two terrestrial and one satellite, as well as government radio stations. The GORT has incited violence against the civilian population in Syria, serving as a propaganda instrument for the Assad regime and spreading disinformation. | ||
| 47. | Syrian Company for Oil Transport (a.k.a. Syrian Crude Oil Transportation Company; a.k.a. "SCOT"; a.k.a. "SCOTRACO") | Syrian state owned oil company. Provides financial support to the regime. | ||
| 48. | Drex Technologies S.A. | Drex Technologies is wholly owned by Rami Makhlouf, who is listed under EU sanctions for providing financial support to the Syrian regime. Rami Makhlouf uses Drex Technologies to facilitate and manage his international financial holdings, including a majority share in SyriaTel, which the EU has previously listed on the grounds that it also provides financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 49. | Cotton Marketing Organisation | State-owned company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 50. | Syrian Arab Airlines (a.k.a. SAA, a.k.a. Syrian Air) | Public company controlled by the regime. Provides financial support for the regime. | ||
| 51. | Drex Technologies Holding S.A. | The beneficial owner of Drex Technologies Holding S.A. is Rami Makhlouf, who is listed under EU sanctions for providing financial support to the Syrian regime. | ||
| 52. | Megatrade | Acts as a proxy for the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is listed. Involved in trade in dual use goods prohibited by EU sanctions for the Syrian government. | ||
| 53. | Expert Partners | Acts as a proxy for the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is listed. Involved in trade in dual use goods prohibited by EU sanctions for the Syrian government. |
| Name | Identifying information | Reasons | Date of listing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Commercial Bank of Syria |
|
State-owned bank providing financial support to the regime. |
| HS Code | Description |
|---|---|
| Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude. | |
| Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude; preparations not elsewhere specified or included, containing by weight 70 % or more of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations; waste oils (save that the purchase, in Syria, of kerosene jet fuel of CN code | |
| Petroleum jelly; paraffin wax, microcrystalline petroleum wax, slack wax, ozokerite, lignite wax, peat wax, other mineral waxes, and similar products obtained by synthesis or by other processes, whether or not coloured. | |
| Petroleum coke, petroleum bitumen and other residues of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals. | |
| Bitumen and asphalt, natural; bituminous or oil-shale and tar sands; asphaltites and asphaltic rocks. | |
| Bituminous mixtures based on natural asphalt, on natural bitumen, on petroleum bitumen, on mineral tar or on mineral tar pitch (for example, bituminous mastics, cut-backs). |
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(a) equipment, technology or software which are specified in Annex I to Council Regulation (EC) 428/2009 Council Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items (OJ L 134, 29.5.2009, p. 1 ). (b) software which is designed for installation by the user without further substantial support by the supplier and which is generally available to the public by being sold from stock at retail selling points, without restriction, by means of: -
(i) over the counter transactions; (ii) mail order transactions; (iii) electronic transactions; or (iv) telephone order transactions; or
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(c) software which is in the public domain.
-
A. List of equipment -
Deep Packet Inspection equipment Network Interception equipment including Interception Management Equipment (IMS) and Data Retention Link Intelligence equipment Radio Frequency monitoring equipment Network and Satellite jamming equipment Remote Infection equipment Speaker recognition/processing equipment IMSI IMSI stands for International Mobile Subscriber Identity. It is a unique identification code for each mobile telephony device, integrated in the SIM card and which allows identification of such SIM via GSM and UMTS networks.MSISDN stands for Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number. It is a number uniquely identifying a subscription in a GSM or a UMTS mobile network. Simply put, it is the telephone number to the SIM card in a mobile phone and therefore it identifies a mobile subscriber as well as IMSI, but to route calls through him.IMEI stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity. It is a number, usually unique to identify GSM, WCDMA and IDEN mobile phones as well as some satellite phones. It is usually found printed inside the battery compartment of the phone. interception (wiretapping) can be specified by its IMEI number as well as IMSI and MSISDN.TMSI stands for Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity. It is the identity that is most commonly sent between the mobile and the network.Tactical SMS SMS stands for Short Message System.GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communications.GPS stands for Global Positioning System.GPRS stands for General Package Radio Service.UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access.PSTN stands for Public Switch Telephone Networks.DHCP DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.GTP stands for GPRS Tunnelling Protocol.Pattern Recognition and Pattern Profiling equipment Remote Forensics equipment Semantic Processing Engine equipment WEP and WPA code breaking equipment Interception equipment for VoIP proprietary and standard protocol
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B. Not used C. Not used D. "Software" for the "development", "production" or "use" of the equipment specified in A above. E. "Technology" for the "development", "production" or "use" of the equipment specified in A above.
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a. Plate-fin heat exchangers with a surface/volume ratio greater than 500 m 2 /m3 , specially designed for pre-cooling of natural gas; b. Coil-wound heat exchangers specially designed for liquefaction or sub-cooling of natural gas.
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a. Stainless steels with 23 % chromium or more by weight; b. Stainless steels and nickel bases alloys with a "Pitting resistance equivalent" number higher than 33.
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a. fixed roof tanks; b. floating roof tanks.
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a. Single metal (platinum group) on alumina type or on zeolite, specially designed for catalytic reforming process; b. Mixed metal species (platinum in combination with other noble metals) on alumina type or on zeolite, specially designed for catalytic reforming process; c. Cobalt and nickel catalysts doped with molybdenum on alumina type or on zeolite, specially designed for catalytic desulphurisation process; d. Palladium, nickel, chromium and tungsten catalysts on alumina type or on zeolite, specially designed for catalytic hydrocracking process.
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6.1. "Technology" for conversion of light olefin to gasoline; 6.2. Catalytic reforming and isomerisation technology; 6.3. Catalytic and thermal cracking technology.
| Steam turbines of an output exceeding 40 MW. | |
| Gas turbines of an output exceeding | |
| All electric motors and generators of an output exceeding 3 MW or |
| HS Code | Description |
|---|---|
| Diamonds, whether or not worked, but not mounted or set. | |
| Silver (including silver plated with gold or platinum), unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form. | |
| Gold (including gold plated with platinum), unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form. | |
| Base metals or silver, clad with gold, not further worked than semi-manufactured. | |
| Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form. | |
| Base metals, silver or gold, clad with platinum, not further worked than semi-manufactured. | |
| Waste and scrap of precious metal or of metal clad with precious metal; other waste and scrap containing precious metal or precious-metal compounds, of a kind used principally for the recovery of precious metal. |
| No | Description | Related item from Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 |
|---|---|---|
| IX.A1.001 |
|
|
| IX.A1.002 |
|
|
| IX.A1.003 |
|
|
| IX.A1.004 |
|
| No | Description | Related item from Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 |
|---|---|---|
| IX.A2.001 | Floor-mounted fume hoods (walk-in-style) with a minimum nominal width of 2,5 meters. | |
| IX.A2.002 | Full face-mask air-purifying and air-supplying respirators other than those specified in 1A004 or 2B352f1. | 1A004.a |
| IX.A2.003 | Class II biological safety cabinets or isolators with similar performance standards. | 2B352.f.2 |
| IX.A2.004 | Batch centrifuges with a rotor capacity of 4 litres or greater, usable with biological materials. | |
| IX.A2.005 | 2B352.b | |
| IX.A2.007 | Conventional or turbulent air-flow clean-air rooms and self contained fan-HEPA or ULPA filter units that may be used for P3 or P4 (BSL 3, BSL 4, L3, L4) containments facilities. | 2B352.a |
| IX.A2.008 |
|
|
| IX.A2.009 |
|
|
| IX.A2.010 |
| No | Description | Related item from Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 428/2009 |
|---|---|---|
| IX.B.001 |
| ex CN code | Product description |
|---|---|
| |
| Chapter 95 | |
| Chapter 94 | |
| Chapter 90 | |
| Chapter 92 | |
| Chapter 91 | |
| Chapter 44 | |
| Chapter 69 | |
| Chapter 57 | |
| Chapter 93 | |