Article 1Objective1.This Directive concerns the quality of water intended for human consumption.2.The objective of this Directive shall be to protect human health from the adverse effects of any contamination of water intended for human consumption by ensuring that it is wholesome and clean.

Article 2DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive:1."water intended for human consumption" shall mean:(a)all water either in its original state or after treatment, intended for drinking, cooking, food preparation or other domestic purposes, regardless of its origin and whether it is supplied from a distribution network, from a tanker, or in bottles or containers;(b)all water used in any food-production undertaking for the manufacture, processing, preservation or marketing of products or substances intended for human consumption unless the competent national authorities are satisfied that the quality of the water cannot affect the wholesomeness of the foodstuff in its finished form;2."domestic distribution system" shall mean the pipework, fittings and appliances which are installed between the taps that are normally used for human consumption and the distribution network but only if they are not the responsibility of the water supplier, in its capacity as a water supplier, according to the relevant national law.

Article 3Exemptions1.This Directive shall not apply to:(a)natural mineral waters recognised as such by the competent national authorities, in accordance with Council Directive 80/777/EEC of 15 July 1980 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the exploitation and marketing of natural mineral watersOJ L 229, 30.8.1980, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 96/70/EC (OJ L 299, 23.11.1996, p. 26).;(b)waters which are medicinal products within the meaning of Council Directive 65/65/EEC of 26 January 1965 on the approximation of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action relating to medicinal productsOJ 22 9.2.1965, p. 369. Directive as last amended by Directive 93/39/EEC (OJ L 214, 24.8.1993, p. 22)..2.Member States may exempt from the provisions of this Directive:(a)water intended exclusively for those purposes for which the competent authorities are satisfied that the quality of the water has no influence, either directly or indirectly, on the health of the consumers concerned;(b)water intended for human consumption from an individual supply providing less than 10 mZ3 a day as an average or serving fewer than 50 persons, unless the water is supplied as part of a commercial or public activity.3.Member States that have recourse to the exemptions provided for in paragraph 2(b) shall ensure that the population concerned is informed thereof and of any action that can be taken to protect human health from the adverse effects resulting from any contamination of water intended for human consumption. In addition, when a potential danger to human health arising out of the quality of such water is apparent, the population concerned shall promptly be given appropriate advice.

Article 4General obligations1.Without prejudice to their obligations under other Community provisions, Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that water intended for human consumption is wholesome and clean. For the purposes of the minimum requirements of this Directive, water intended for human consumption shall be wholesome and clean if it:(a)is free from any micro-organisms and parasites and from any substances which, in numbers or concentrations, constitute a potential danger to human health, and(b)meets the minimum requirements set out in Annex I, Parts A and B;and if, in accordance with the relevant provisions of Articles 5 to 8 and 10 and in accordance with the Treaty, Member States take all other measures necessary to ensure that water intended for human consumption complies with the requirements of this Directive.2.Member States shall ensure that the measures taken to implement this Directive in no circumstances have the effect of allowing, directly or indirectly, either any deterioration of the present quality of water intended for human consumption so far as that is relevant for the protection of human health or any increase in the pollution of waters used for the production of drinking water.

Article 5Quality standards1.Member States shall set values applicable to water intended for human consumption for the parameters set out in Annex I.2.The values set in accordance with paragraph 1 shall not be less stringent than those set out in Annex I. As regards the parameters set out in Annex I, Part C, the values need be fixed only for monitoring purposes and for the fulfilment of the obligations imposed in Article 8.3.A Member State shall set values for additional parameters not included in Annex I where the protection of human health within its national territory or part of it so requires. The values set should, as a minimum, satisfy the requirements of Article 4(1)(a).

Article 6Point of compliance1.The parametric values set in accordance with Article 5 shall be complied with:(a)in the case of water supplied from a distribution network, at the point, within premises or an establishment, at which it emerges from the taps that are normally used for human consumption;(b)in the case of water supplied from a tanker, at the point at which it emerges from the tanker;(c)in the case of water put into bottles or containers intended for sale, at the point at which the water is put into the bottles or containers;(d)in the case of water used in a food-production undertaking, at the point where the water is used in the undertaking.2.In the case of water covered by paragraph 1(a), Member States shall be deemed to have fulfilled their obligations under this Article and under Articles 4 and 8(2) where it can be established that non-compliance with the parametric values set in accordance with Article 5 is due to the domestic distribution system or the maintenance thereof except in premises and establishments where water is supplied to the public, such as schools, hospitals and restaurants.3.Where paragraph 2 applies and there is a risk that water covered by paragraph 1(a) would not comply with the parametric values established in accordance with Article 5, Member States shall nevertheless ensure that:(a)appropriate measures are taken to reduce or eliminate the risk of non-compliance with the parametric values, such as advising property owners of any possible remedial action they could take, and/orother measures, such as appropriate treatment techniques, are taken to change the nature or properties of the water before it is supplied so as to reduce or eliminate the risk of the water not complying with the parametric values after supply;and(b)the consumers concerned are duly informed and advised of any possible additional remedial action that they should take.

Article 7Monitoring1.Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that regular monitoring of the quality of water intended for human consumption is carried out, in order to check that the water available to consumers meets the requirements of this Directive and in particular the parametric values set in accordance with Article 5. Samples should be taken so that they are representative of the quality of the water consumed throughout the year. In addition, Member States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that, where disinfection forms part of the preparation or distribution of water intended for human consumption, the efficiency of the disinfection treatment applied is verified, and that any contamination from disinfection by-products is kept as low as possible without compromising the disinfection.2.To meet the obligations imposed in paragraph 1, appropriate monitoring programmes shall be established by the competent authorities for all water intended for human consumption. Those monitoring programmes shall meet the minimum requirements set out in Annex II.3.The sampling points shall be determined by the competent authorities and shall meet the relevant requirements set out in Annex II.4.Community guidelines for the monitoring prescribed in this Article may be drawn up in accordance with the management procedure referred to in Article 12(2).5.(a)Member States shall comply with the specifications for the analyses of parameters set out in Annex III(b)Methods other than those specified in Annex III, Part 1, may be used, providing it can be demonstrated that the results obtained are at least as reliable as those produced by the methods specified. Member States which have recourse to alternative methods shall provide the Commission with all relevant information concerning such methods and their equivalence.(c)For those parameters listed in Annex III, Parts 2 and 3, any method of analysis may be used provided that it meets the requirements set out therein.6.Member States shall ensure that additional monitoring is carried out on a case-by-case basis of substances and micro-organisms for which no parametric value has been set in accordance with Article 5, if there is reason to suspect that they may be present in amounts or numbers which constitute a potential danger to human health.

Article 8Remedial action and restrictions in use1.Member States shall ensure that any failure to meet the parametric values set in accordance with Article 5 is immediately investigated in order to identify the cause.2.If, despite the measures taken to meet the obligations imposed in Article 4(1), water intended for human consumption does not meet the parametric values set in accordance with Article 5, and subject to Article 6(2), the Member State concerned shall ensure that the necessary remedial action is taken as soon as possible to restore its quality and shall give priority to their enforcement action, having regard inter alia to the extent to which the relevant parametric value has been exceeded and to the potential danger to human health.3.Whether or not any failure to meet the parametric values has occurred, Member States shall ensure that any supply of water intended for human consumption which constitutes a potential danger to human health is prohibited or its use restricted or such other action is taken as is necessary to protect human health. In such cases consumers shall be informed promptly thereof and given the necessary advice.4.The competent authorities or other relevant bodies shall decide what action under paragraph 3 should be taken, bearing in mind the risks to human health which would be caused by an interruption of the supply or a restriction in the use of water intended for human consumption.5.Member States may establish guidelines to assist the competent authorities to fulfil their obligations under paragraph 4.6.In the event of non-compliance with the parametric values or with the specifications set out in Annex I, Part C, Member States shall consider whether that non-compliance poses any risk to human health. They shall take remedial action to restore the quality of the water where that is necessary to protect human health.7.Member States shall ensure that, where remedial action is taken, consumers are notified except where the competent authorities consider the non-compliance with the parametric value to be trivial.

Article 9Derogations1.Member States may provide for derogations from the parametric values set out in Annex I, Part B, or set in accordance with Article 5(3), up to a maximum value to be determined by them, provided no derogation constitutes a potential danger to human health and provided that the supply of water intended for human consumption in the area concerned cannot otherwise be maintained by any other reasonable means. Derogations shall be limited to as short a time as possible and shall not exceed three years, towards the end of which a review shall be conducted to determine whether sufficient progress has been made. Where a Member State intends to grant a second derogation, it shall communicate the review, along with the grounds for its decision on the second derogation, to the Commission. No such second derogation shall exceed three years.2.In exceptional circumstances, a Member State may ask the Commission for a third derogation for a period not exceeding three years. The Commission shall take a decision on any such request within three months.3.Any derogation granted in accordance with paragraphs 1 or 2 shall specify the following:(a)the grounds for the derogation;(b)the parameter concerned, previous relevant monitoring results, and the maximum permissible value under the derogation;(c)the geographical area, the quantity of water supplied each day, the population concerned and whether or not any relevant food-production undertaking would be affected;(d)an appropriate monitoring scheme, with an increased monitoring frequency where necessary;(e)a summary of the plan for the necessary remedial action, including a timetable for the work and an estimate of the cost and provisions for reviewing;(f)the required duration of the derogation.4.If the competent authorities consider the non-compliance with the parametric value to be trivial, and if action taken in accordance with Article 8(2) is sufficient to remedy the problem within 30 days, the requirements of paragraph 3 need not be applied.In that event, only the maximum permissible value for the parameter concerned and the time allowed to remedy the problem shall be set by the competent authorities or other relevant bodies.5.Recourse may no longer be had to paragraph 4 if failure to comply with any one parametric value for a given water supply has occurred on more than 30 days on aggregate during the previous 12 months.6.Any Member State which has recourse to the derogations provided for in this Article shall ensure that the population affected by any such derogation is promptly informed in an appropriate manner of the derogation and of the conditions governing it. In addition the Member State shall, where necessary, ensure that advice is given to particular population groups for which the derogation could present a special risk.These obligations shall not apply in the circumstances described in paragraph 4 unless the competent authorities decide otherwise.7.With the exception of derogations granted in accordance with paragraph 4 a Member State shall inform the Commission within two months of any derogation concerning an individual supply of water exceeding 1000 m3 a day as an average or serving more than 5000 persons, including the information specified in paragraph 3.8.This Article shall not apply to water intended for human consumption offered for sale in bottles or containers.

Article 10Quality assurance of treatment, equipment and materialsMember States shall take all measures necessary to ensure that no substances or materials for new installations used in the preparation or distribution of water intended for human consumption or impurities associated with such substances or materials for new installations remain in water intended for human consumption in concentrations higher than is necessary for the purpose of their use and do not, either directly or indirectly, reduce the protection of human health provided for in this Directive; the interpretative document and technical specifications pursuant to Article 3 and Article 4 (1) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction productsOJ L 40, 11.2.1989, p. 12. Directive as last amended by Directive 93/68/EEC (OJ L 220, 30.8.1993, p. 1). shall respect the requirements of this Directive.

Article 11Review of Annexes1.At least every five years, the Commission shall review Annex I in the light of scientific and technical progress and shall make proposals for amendments, where necessary, under the procedure laid down in Article 189c of the Treaty.2.At least every five years, the Commission shall amend Annexes II and III to make the necessary adaptations to scientific and technical progress.Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 12(3).

Article 121.The Commission shall be assisted by a committee.2.Where reference is made to this Article, Articles 4 and 7 of Decision 1999/468/ECCouncil Decision 1999/468/EC of 28 June 1999 laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission (OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23). shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.The period laid down in Article 4(3) of Decision 1999/468/EC shall be set at three months.3.Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5a(1) to (4) and Article 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC shall apply, having regard to the provisions of Article 8 thereof.

Article 13Information and reporting1.Member States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that adequate and up-to-date information on the quality of water intended for human consumption is available to consumers.2.Without prejudice to Council Directive 90/313/EEC of 7 June 1990 on the freedom of access to information on the environmentOJ L 158, 23.6.1990, p. 56., each Member State shall publish a report every three years on the quality of water intended for human consumption with the objective of informing consumers. The first report shall cover the years 2002, 2003 and 2004. Each report shall include, as a minimum, all individual supplies of water exceeding 1000 m3 a day as an average or serving more than 5000 persons and it shall cover three calendar years and be published within one calendar year of the end of the reporting period.3.Member States shall send their reports to the Commission within two months of their publication.4.The formats and the minimum information for the reports provided for in paragraph 2 shall be determined having special regard to the measures referred to in Article 3(2), Article 5(2) and (3), Article 7(2), Article 8, Article 9(6) and (7) and Article 15(1), and shall if necessary be amended in accordance with the management procedure referred to in Article 12(2).5.The Commission shall examine the Member States' reports and, every three years, publish a synthesis report on the quality of water intended for human consumption in the Community. That report shall be published within nine months of the receipt of the Member States' reports.6.Together with the first report on this Directive as mentioned in paragraph 2, Member States shall also produce a report to be forwarded to the Commission on the measures they have taken or plan to take to fulfil their obligations pursuant to Article 6(3) and Annex I, Part B, note 10. As appropriate, a proposal on the format of this report shall be submitted in accordance with the management procedure referred to in Article 12(2).

Article 14Timescale for complianceMember States shall take the measures necessary to ensure that the quality of water intended for human consumption complies with this Directive within five years of its entry into force, without prejudice to Notes 2, 4 and 10 in Annex I, Part B.

Article 15Exceptional circumstances1.A Member State may, in exceptional circumstances and for geographically defined areas, submit a special request to the Commission for a period longer than that laid down in Article 14. The additional period shall not exceed three years, towards the end of which a review shall be carried out and forwarded to the Commission which may, on the basis of that review, permit a second additional period of up to three years. This provision shall not apply to water intended for human consumption offered for sale in bottles or containers.2.Any such request, grounds for which shall be given, shall set out the difficulties experienced and include, as a minimum, all the information specified in Article 9(3).3.That request shall be examined in accordance with the management procedure referred to in Article 12(2).4.Any Member State which has recourse to this Article shall ensure that the population affected by its request is promptly informed in an appropriate manner of the outcome of that request. In addition, the Member State shall, where necessary, ensure that advice is given to particular population groups for which the request could present a special risk.

Article 16Repeal1.Directive 80/778/EEC is hereby repealed with effect from five years after the entry into force of this Directive. Subject to paragraph 2, this repeal shall be without prejudice to Member States' obligations regarding deadlines for transposition into national law and for application as shown in Annex IV.Any reference to the Directive repealed shall be construed as a reference to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table set out in Annex V.2.As soon as a Member State has brought into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive and has taken the measures provided for in Article 14, this Directive, not Directive 80/778/EEC, shall apply to the quality of water intended for human consumption in that Member State.

Article 17Transposition into national law1.Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive within two years of its entry into force. They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.When the Member States adopt those measures, these shall contain references to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such references on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such references shall be laid down by the Member States.2.The Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.

Article 18Entry into forceThis Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.

Article 19AddresseesThis Directive is addressed to the Member States.

nullANNEX IPARAMETERS AND PARAMETRIC VALUESPART AMicrobiological parameters

Parameter	Parametric value(number/100 ml)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)	0
Enterococci	0

The following applies to water offered for sale in bottles or containers:

Parameter	Parametric value
Escherichia coli (E. coli)	0/250 ml
Enterococci	0/250 ml
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	0/250 ml
Colony count 22 °C	100/ml
Colony count 37 °C	20/ml

PART BChemical parameters

Parameter	Parametric value	Unit	Notes
Acrylamide	0,10	μg/l	Note 1
Antimony	5,0	μg/l
Arsenic	10	μg/l
Benzene	1,0	μg/l
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,010	μg/l
Boron	1,0	mg/l
Bromate	10	μg/l	Note 2
Cadmium	5,0	μg/l
Chromium	50	μg/l
Copper	2,0	mg/l	Note 3
Cyanide	50	μg/l
1,2-dichloroethane	3,0	μg/l
Epichlorohydrin	0,10	μg/l	Note 1
Fluoride	1,5	mg/l
Lead	10	μg/l	Notes 3 and 4
Mercury	1,0	μg/l
Nickel	20	μg/l	Note 3
Nitrate	50	mg/l	Note 5
Nitrite	0,50	mg/l	Note 5
Pesticides	0,10	μg/l	Notes 6 and 7
Pesticides — Total	0,50	μg/l	Notes 6 and 8
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	0,10	μg/l	Sum of concentrations of specified compounds; Note 9
Selenium	10	μg/l
Tetrachloroethene and Trichloroethene	10	μg/l	Sum of concentrations of specified parameters
Trihalomethanes — Total	100	μg/l	Sum of concentrations of specified compounds; Note 10
Vinyl chloride	0,50	μg/l	Note 1

Note 1:The parametric value refers to the residual monomer concentration in the water as calculated according to specifications of the maximum release from the corresponding polymer in contact with the water.Note 2:Where possible, without compromising disinfection, Member States should strive for a lower value.For the water referred to in Article 6(1)(a), (b) and (d), the value must be met, at the latest, 10 calendar years after the entry into force of the Directive. The parametric value for bromate from five years after the entry into force of this Directive until 10 years after its entry into force is 25 μg/l.Note 3:The value applies to a sample of water intended for human consumption obtained by an adequate sampling methodTo be added following the outcome of the study currently being carried out. at the tap and taken so as to be representative of a weekly average value ingested by consumers. Where appropriate the sampling and monitoring methods must be applied in a harmonised fashion to be drawn up in accordance with Article 7(4). Member States must take account of the occurrence of peak levels that may cause adverse effects on human health.Note 4:For water referred to in Article 6(1)(a), (b) and (d), the value must be met, at the latest, 15 calendar years after the entry into force of this Directive. The parametric value for lead from five years after the entry into force of this Directive until 15 years after its entry into force is 25 μg/l.Member States must ensure that all appropriate measures are taken to reduce the concentration of lead in water intended for human consumption as much as possible during the period needed to achieve compliance with the parametric value.When implementing the measures to achieve compliance with that value Member States must progressively give priority where lead concentrations in water intended for human consumption are highest.Note 5:Member States must ensure that the condition that [nitrate]/50 + [nitrite]/3 ≤ 1, the square brackets signifying the concentrations in mg/l for nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2), is complied with and that the value of 0,10 mg/l for nitrites is complied with ex water treatment works.Note 6:"Pesticides" means:organic insecticides,organic herbicides,organic fungicides,organic nematocides,organic acaricides,organic algicides,organic rodenticidesorganic slimicides,related products (inter alia, growth regulators)and their relevant metabolites, degradation and reaction products.Only those pesticides which are likely to be present in a given supply need be monitored.Note 7:The parametric value applies to each individual pesticide. In the case of aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide the parametric value is 0,030 μg/l.Note 8:"Pesticides — Total" means the sum of all individual pesticides detected and quantified in the monitoring procedure.Note 9:The specified compounds are:benzo(b)fluoranthene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,benzo(ghi)perylene,indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene.Note 10:Where possible, without compromising disinfection, Member States should strive for a lower value.The specified compounds are: chloroform, bromoform, dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane.For the water referred to in Article 6(1)(a), (b) and (d), the value must be met, at the latest, 10 calendar years after the entry into force of this Directive. The parametric value for total THMs from five years after the entry into force of this Directive until 10 years after its entry into force is 150 μg/l.Member States must ensure that all appropriate measures are taken to reduce the concentration of THMs in water intended for human consumption as much as possible during the period needed to achieve compliance with the parametric value.When implementing the measures to achieve this value, Member States must progressively give priority to those areas where THM concentrations in water intended for human consumption are highest.PART CIndicator parametersNote 1:The water should not be aggressive.Note 2:This parameter need not be measured unless the water originates from or is influenced by surface water. In the event of non-compliance with this parametric value, the Member State concerned must investigate the supply to ensure that there is no potential danger to human health arising from the presence of pathogenic micro-organisms, e.g. cryptosporidium. Member States must include the results of all such investigations in the reports they must submit under Article 13(2).Note 3:For still water put into bottles or containers, the minimum value may be reduced to 4,5 pH units.For water put into bottles or containers which is naturally rich in or artificially enriched with carbon dioxide, the minimum value may be lower.Note 4:This parameter need not be measured if the parameter TOC is analysed.Note 5:For water put into bottles or containers the unit is number/250 ml.Note 6:This parameter need not be measured for supplies of less than 10000 m3 a day.Note 7:In the case of surface water treatment, Member States should strive for a parametric value not exceeding 1,0 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) in the water ex treatment works.Note 8:Monitoring frequencies to be set later in Annex II.Note 9:Excluding tritium, potassium -40, radon and radon decay products; monitoring frequencies, monitoring methods and the most relevant locations for monitoring points to be set later in Annex II.Note 10:1.The Commission shall adopt the measures required under Note 8 on monitoring frequencies, and Note 9 on monitoring frequencies, monitoring methods and the most relevant locations for monitoring points in Annex II. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 12(3).When elaborating those measures the Commission shall take into account, inter alia, the relevant provisions under existing legislation or appropriate monitoring programmes including monitoring results as derived from them.2.A Member State is not required to monitor drinking water for tritium or radioactivity to establish total indicative dose where it is satisfied that, on the basis of other monitoring carried out, the levels of tritium or the calculated total indicative dose are well below the parametric value. In that case, it shall communicate the grounds for its decision to the Commission, including the results of this other monitoring carried out.

Parameter	Parametric value	Unit	Notes
Aluminium	200	μg/l
Ammonium	0,50	mg/l
Chloride	250	mg/l	Note 1
Clostridium perfringens (including spores)	0	number/100 ml	Note 2
Colour	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Conductivity	2500	μS cm-1 at 20 °C	Note 1
Hydrogen ion concentration	≥ 6,5 and ≤ 9,5	pH units	Notes 1 and 3
Iron	200	μg/l
Manganese	50	μg/l
Odour	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Oxidisability	5,0	mg/l O2	Note 4
Sulphate	250	mg/l	Note 1
Sodium	200	mg/l
Taste	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change
Colony count 22o	No abnormal change
Coliform bacteria	0	number/100 ml	Note 5
Total organic carbon (TOC)	No abnormal change		Note 6
Turbidity	Acceptable to consumers and no abnormal change		Note 7

RADIOACTIVITY

Parameter	Parametric value	Unit	Notes
Tritium	100	Bq/l	Notes 8 and 10
Total indicative dose	0,10	mSv/year	Notes 9 and 10

ANNEX IIMONITORINGPART AGeneral objectives and monitoring programmes for water intended for human consumption1.Monitoring programmes for water intended for human consumption must:(a)verify that the measures in place to control risks to human health throughout the water supply chain from the catchment area through abstraction, treatment and storage to distribution are working effectively and that water at the point of compliance is wholesome and clean;(b)provide information on the quality of the water supplied for human consumption to demonstrate that the obligations set out in Articles 4 and 5, and the parametric values laid down in Annex I, are being met;(c)identify the most appropriate means of mitigating the risk to human health.2.Pursuant to Article 7(2), competent authorities shall establish monitoring programmes complying with the parameters and frequencies set out in Part B of this Annex which consist of:(a)collection and analysis of discrete water samples; or(b)measurements recorded by a continuous monitoring process.In addition, monitoring programmes may consist of:(a)inspections of records of the functionality and maintenance status of equipment; and/or(b)inspections of the catchment area, water abstraction, treatment, storage and distribution infrastructure.3.Monitoring programmes may be based on a risk assessment as set out in Part C.4.Member States shall ensure that monitoring programmes are reviewed on a continuous basis and updated or reconfirmed at least every 5 years.PART BParameters and frequencies1.General frameworkA monitoring programme must take into account the parameters referred to in Article 5, including those that are important for assessing the impact of domestic distribution systems on the quality of water at the point of compliance, as set out in Article 6(1). When choosing appropriate parameters for monitoring, local conditions for each water supply system must be taken into consideration.Member States shall ensure that the parameters listed in point 2 are monitored at the relevant sampling frequencies as set out in point 3.2.List of parametersGroup A parametersThe following parameters (Group A) shall be monitored in accordance with the monitoring frequencies set out in Table 1 of point 3:(a)Escherichia coli (E. coli), coliform bacteria, colony count 22 °C, colour, turbidity, taste, odour, pH, conductivity;(b)other parameters identified as relevant in the monitoring programme, in accordance with Article 5(3) and, where relevant, through a risk assessment as set out in Part C.Under specific circumstances, the following parameters shall be added to the Group A Parameters:(a)ammonium and nitrite, if chloramination is used;(b)aluminium and iron, if used as water treatment chemicals.Group B parametersIn order to determine compliance with all parametric values set out in this Directive, all other parameters not analysed under Group A and set in accordance with Article 5 shall be monitored at least at the frequencies set out in Table 1 of point 3.3.Sampling frequencies

Table 1Minimum frequency of sampling and analysis for compliance monitoring

Volume of water distributed or produced each day within a supply zone(See Notes 1 and 2)m3		Group A parameternumber of samples per year(See Note 3)	Group B parameternumber of samples per year
	≤ 100	> 0(See Note 4)	> 0(See Note 4)
> 100	≤ 1000	4	1
> 1000	≤ 10000	4+ 3for each 1000 m3/d and part thereof of the total volume	1+ 1for each 4500 m3/d and part thereof of the total volume
> 10000	≤ 100000		3+ 1for each 10000 m3/d and part thereof of the total volume
> 100000			12+ 1for each 25000 m3/d and part thereof of the total volume

Note 1:A supply zone is a geographically defined area within which water intended for human consumption comes from one or more sources and water quality may be considered as being approximately uniform.Note 2:The volumes are calculated as averages taken over a calendar year. The number of inhabitants in a supply zone may be used instead of the volume of water to determine the minimum frequency, assuming water consumption of 200 l/(day*capita).Note 3:The frequency indicated is calculated as follows: e.g. 4300 m3/d = 16 samples (four for the first 1000 m3/d + 12 for additional 3300 m3/d).Note 4:Member States that have decided to exempt individual supplies under Article 3(2)(b) of this Directive shall apply these frequencies only for supply zones that distribute between 10 and 100 m3 per day.PART CRisk assessment1.Member States may provide for the possibility to derogate from the parameters and sampling frequencies in Part B, provided that a risk assessment is performed in accordance with this Part.2.The risk assessment referred to in point 1 shall be based on the general principles of risk assessment set out in relation to international standards such as standard EN 15975-2 concerning "security of drinking water supply, guidelines for risk and crisis management".3.The risk assessment shall take into account the results from the monitoring programmes established by the second subparagraph of Article 7(1), and Article 8 of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the CouncilDirective 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1). for bodies of water identified under Article 7(1) that provide more than 100 m3 a day on average, in accordance with Annex V to that Directive.4.Based on the results of the risk assessment, the list of parameters in point 2 of Part B shall be extended and/or the sampling frequencies in point 3 of Part B increased, where any of the following conditions is fulfilled:(a)the list of parameters or frequencies set out in this Annex is not sufficient to fulfil the obligations imposed under Article 7(1);(b)additional monitoring is required for the purposes of Article 7(6);(c)it is necessary to provide the necessary assurances set out in point (1)(a) of Part A.5.Based on the results of the risk assessment, the list of parameters set out in point 2 of Part B and the sampling frequencies set out in point 3 of Part B may be reduced provided the following conditions are met:(a)the frequency of sampling for E. coli must not be reduced below the one laid down in point 3 of Part B under any circumstances;(b)for all other parameters:(i)the location and frequency of sampling shall be determined in relation to the parameter's origin, as well as the variability and long-term trend of its concentration, taking into account Article 6;(ii)to reduce the minimum sampling frequency of a parameter, as set out in point 3 of Part B, the results obtained from samples collected at regular intervals over a period of at least 3 years from sampling points representative of the whole supply zone must all be less than 60 % of the parametric value;(iii)to remove a parameter from the list of parameters to be monitored, as set out in point 2 of Part B, the results obtained from samples collected at regular intervals over a period of at least 3 years from points representative of the whole supply zone must all be less than 30 % of the parametric value;(iv)the removal of a particular parameter set out in point 2 of Part B from the list of parameters to be monitored shall be based on the result of the risk assessment, informed by the results of monitoring of sources of water intended for human consumption and confirming that human health is protected from the adverse effects of any contamination of water intended for human consumption, as laid down in Article 1;(v)the sampling frequency may be reduced or a parameter removed from the list of parameters to be monitored as set out in points (ii) and (iii) only if the risk assessment confirms that no factor that can be reasonably anticipated is likely to cause deterioration of the quality of the water intended for human consumption.6.Member States shall ensure that:(a)risk assessments are approved by their relevant competent authority; and(b)information is available showing that a risk assessment has been carried out, together with a summary of its results.PART DSampling methods and sampling points1.Sampling points shall be determined so as to ensure compliance with the points of compliance as defined in Article 6(1). In the case of a distribution network, a Member State may take samples within the supply zone or at the treatment works for particular parameters if it can be demonstrated that there would be no adverse change to the measured value of the parameters concerned. As far as possible, the number of samples shall be distributed equally in time and location.2.Sampling at the point of compliance shall meet the following requirements:(a)compliance samples for certain chemical parameters (in particular copper, lead and nickel) shall be taken at the consumer's tap without prior flushing. A random daytime sample of one litre volume is to be taken. As an alternative, Member States may use fixed stagnation time methods that better reflect their national situation, provided that, at the supply zone level, this does not result in fewer cases of non-compliance than using the random daytime method;(b)compliance samples for microbiological parameters at the point of compliance shall be taken and handled according to EN ISO 19458, sampling purpose B.3.Sampling in the distribution network, with the exception of sampling at the consumers' tap, shall be in accordance with ISO 5667-5. For microbiological parameters, sampling in the distribution network shall be taken and handled according to EN ISO 19458, sampling purpose A.ANNEX IIISPECIFICATIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERSMember States shall ensure that the methods of analysis used for the purposes of monitoring and demonstrating compliance with this Directive are validated and documented in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025 or other equivalent standards accepted at international level. Member States shall ensure that laboratories or parties contracted by laboratories apply quality management system practices in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 17025 or other equivalent standards accepted at international level.In the absence of an analytical method meeting the minimum performance criteria set out in Part B, Member States shall ensure that monitoring is carried out using best available techniques not entailing excessive costs.PART AMicrobiological parameters for which methods of analysis are specifiedThe following principles for methods of microbiological parameters are given either for reference, whenever a CEN/ISO method is given, or for guidance, pending the possible future adoption by the Commission of further CEN/ISO international methods for those parameters. Member States may use alternative methods, providing the provisions of Article 7(5) are met.Those measures on further CEN/ISO international methods, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive, inter alia, by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 12(3).The methods for microbiological parameters are:(a)Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliform bacteria (EN ISO 9308-1 or EN ISO 9308-2)(b)Enterococci (EN ISO 7899-2)(c)Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EN ISO 16266)(d)enumeration of culturable microorganisms — colony count 22 °C (EN ISO 6222)(e)enumeration of culturable microorganisms — colony count 36 °C (EN ISO 6222)(f)Clostridium perfringens including spores (EN ISO 14189).PART BChemical and indicator parameters for which performance characteristics are specified1.Chemical and indicator parametersFor the parameters set out in Table 1, the specified performance characteristics are that the method of analysis used must, as a minimum, be capable of measuring concentrations equal to the parametric value with a limit of quantification, as defined in Article 2(2) of Commission Directive 2009/90/ECCommission Directive 2009/90/EC of 31 July 2009 laying down, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, technical specifications for chemical analysis and monitoring of water status (OJ L 201, 1.8.2009, p. 36)., of 30 % or less of the relevant parametric value and an uncertainty of measurement as specified in Table 1. The result shall be expressed using at least the same number of significant figures as for the parametric value considered in Parts B and C of Annex I.Until 31 December 2019 Member States may allow for the use of "trueness", "precision" and "limit of detection" as specified in Table 2, as an alternative set of performance characteristics to "limit of quantification" and "uncertainty of measurement" as specified respectively in the first paragraph and Table 1.The uncertainty of measurement laid down in Table 1 shall not be used as an additional tolerance to the parametric values set out in Annex I.

Table 1Minimum performance characteristic "Uncertainty of measurement"Acrylamide, epichlorohydrin and vinyl chloride to be controlled by product specification.

Parameters	Uncertainty of measurement(See Note 1)% of the parametric value (except for pH)	Notes
Aluminium	25
Ammonium	40
Antimony	40
Arsenic	30
Benzo(a)pyrene	50	See Note 5
Benzene	40
Boron	25
Bromate	40
Cadmium	25
Chloride	15
Chromium	30
Conductivity	20
Copper	25
Cyanide	30	See Note 6
1,2-dichloroethane	40
Fluoride	20
Hydrogen ion concentration pH (expressed in pH units)	0,2	See Note 7
Iron	30
Lead	25
Manganese	30
Mercury	30
Nickel	25
Nitrate	15
Nitrite	20
Oxidisability	50	See Note 8
Pesticides	30	See Note 9
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	50	See Note 10
Selenium	40
Sodium	15
Sulphate	15
Tetrachloroethene	30	See Note 11
Trichloroethene	40	See Note 11
Trihalomethanes — total	40	See Note 10
Total organic carbon (TOC)	30	See Note 12
Turbidity	30	See Note 13

Table 2Minimum performance characteristics "Trueness", "precision" and "limit of detection" — may be used until 31 December 2019Acrylamide, epichlorohydrin and vinyl chloride to be controlled by product specification.

Parameters	Trueness(See Note 2)% of the parametric value (except for pH)	Precision(See Note 3)% of the parametric value (except for pH)	Limit of detection(See Note 4)% of the parametric value (except for pH)	Notes
Aluminium	10	10	10
Ammonium	10	10	10
Antimony	25	25	25
Arsenic	10	10	10
Benzo(a)pyrene	25	25	25
Benzene	25	25	25
Boron	10	10	10
Bromate	25	25	25
Cadmium	10	10	10
Chloride	10	10	10
Chromium	10	10	10
Conductivity	10	10	10
Copper	10	10	10
Cyanide	10	10	10	See Note 6
1,2-dichloroethane	25	25	10
Fluoride	10	10	10
Hydrogen ion concentration pH (expressed in pH units)	0,2	0,2		See Note 7
Iron	10	10	10
Lead	10	10	10
Manganese	10	10	10
Mercury	20	10	20
Nickel	10	10	10
Nitrate	10	10	10
Nitrite	10	10	10
Oxidisability	25	25	10	See Note 8
Pesticides	25	25	25	See Note 9
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	25	25	25	See Note 10
Selenium	10	10	10
Sodium	10	10	10
Sulphate	10	10	10
Tetrachloroethene	25	25	10	See Note 11
Trichloroethene	25	25	10	See Note 11
Trihalomethanes — total	25	25	10	See Note 10
Turbidity	25	25	25

2.Notes to Tables 1 and 2

Note 1	Uncertainty of measurement is a non-negative parameter characterising the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used. The performance criterion for measurement uncertainty (k = 2) is the percentage of the parametric value stated in the table or better. Measurement uncertainty shall be estimated at the level of the parametric value, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2	Trueness is a measure of systematic error, i.e. the difference between the mean value of the large number of repeated measurements and the true value. Further specifications are those set out in ISO 5725.
Note 3	Precision is a measure of random error and is usually expressed as the standard deviation (within and between batches) of the spread of results from the mean. Acceptable precision is twice the relative standard deviation. This term is further specified in ISO 5725.
Note 4	Limit of detection is either:three times the standard deviation within a batch of a natural sample containing a low concentration of the parameter, orfive times the standard deviation of a blank sample (within a batch).
Note 5	If the value of uncertainty of measurement cannot be met, the best available technique should be selected (up to 60 %).
Note 6	The method determines total cyanide in all forms.
Note 7	Values for trueness, precision and uncertainty of measurement are expressed in pH units.
Note 8	Reference method: EN ISO 8467
Note 9	The performance characteristics for individual pesticides are given as an indication. Values for the uncertainty of measurement as low as 30 % can be achieved for several pesticides, higher values up to 80 % may be allowed for a number of pesticides.
Note 10	The performance characteristics apply to individual substances, specified at 25 % of the parametric value in Part B of Annex I.
Note 11	The performance characteristics apply to individual substances, specified at 50 % of the parametric value in Part B of Annex I.
Note 12	The uncertainty of measurement should be estimated at the level of 3 mg/l of the total organic carbon (TOC). CEN 1484 Guidelines for the determination of TOC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) shall be used.
Note 13	The uncertainty of measurement should be estimated at the level of 1,0 NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) in accordance with EN ISO 7027.

3.PARAMETERS FOR WHICH NO METHOD OF ANALYSIS IS SPECIFIEDColourOdourTasteTotal organic carbonTurbidity (Note 1)

Note 1:

For turbidity monitoring in treated surface water the specified performance characteristics are that the method of analysis used must, as a minimum, be capable of measuring concentrations equal to the parametric value with a trueness of 25 %, precision of 25 % and a 25 % limit of detection.

ANNEX IV

DEADLINES FOR TRANSPOSITION INTO NATIONAL LAW AND FOR APPLICATION

Directive 80/778/EECTransposition 17.7.1982Application 17.7.1985All Member States except Spain, Portugal and new Länder of Germany

Directive 81/858/EEC(Adaptation due to accession of Greece)

Act of Accession of Spain and Portugal

Spain:	transposition	1.1.1986
Spain:	application	1.1.1986
Portugal:	transposition	1.1.1986
Portugal:	application	1.1.1989

Directive 90/656/EEC for new Länder of Germany

Act of Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden

Austria:	transposition	1.1.1995
Austria:	application	1.1.1995
Finland:	transposition	1.1.1995
Finland:	application	1.1.1995
Sweden:	transposition	1.1.1995
Sweden:	application	1.1.1995

Directive 91/692/EEC

Articles 1 to 14

Application 31.12.1995

Article 15

Amended with effect from 1.1.1981

Amended with effect from 1.1.1986

Amended with effect from 1.1.1995

Article 16

Article 17

Article 17(a) inserted

Article 18

Article 19

Amended

Article 20

Article 21

ANNEX V

CORRELATION TABLE

This Directive	Directive 80/778/EEC
Article 1(1)	Article 1(1)
Article 1(2)	—
Article 2(1)(a) and (b)	Article 2
Article 2(2)	—
Article 3(1)(a) and (b)	Article 4(1)
Article 3(2)(a) and (b)	—
Article 3(3)	—
Article 4(1)	Article 7(6)
Article 4(2)	Article 11
Article 5(1)	Article 7(1)
Article 5(2) first sentence	Article 7(3)
Article 5(2) second sentence	—
Article 5(3)	—
Article 6(1)	Article 12(2)
Article 6(2) to (3)	—
Article 7(1)	Article 12(1)
Article 7(2)	—
Article 7(3)	Article 12(3)
Article 7(4)	—
Article 7(5)	Article 12(5)
Article 7(6)	—
Article 8	—
Article 9(1)	Article 9(1) and Article 10(1)
Article 9(2) to (6)	—
Article 9(7)	Article 9(2) and Article 10(3)
Article 9(8)	—
Article 10	Article 8
Article 11(1)	—
Article 11(2)	Article 13
Article 12(1)	Article 14
Article 12(2) and (3)	Article 15
Article 13(1)	—
Article 13(2) to (5)	Article 17(a) (inserted by Directive 91/692/EEC)
Article 14	Article 19
Article 15	Article 20
Article 16	—
Article 17	Article 18
Article 18	—
Article 19	Article 21

Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption

Corrected by