(a) technical specifications on health and environmental grounds for fuels to be used with positive ignition and compression-ignition engines, taking account of the technical requirements of those engines; and (b) a target for the reduction of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions.
Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC
Modified by
- Commission Directive 2000/71/ECof 7 November 2000to adapt the measuring methods as laid down in Annexes I, II, III and IV to Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council to technical progress as foreseen in Article 10 of that Directive(Text with EEA relevance), 32000L0071, November 14, 2000
- Directive 2003/17/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 3 March 2003amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels(Text with EEA relevance), 32003L0017, March 22, 2003
- Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 29 September 2003adapting to Council Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers laid down in instruments subject to the procedure referred to in Article 251 of the EC Treaty, 32003R1882, October 31, 2003
- Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 23 April 2009amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC(Text with EEA relevance), 32009L0030, June 5, 2009
- Commission Directive 2011/63/EUof 1 June 2011amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels, 32011L0063, June 2, 2011
- Commission Directive 2014/77/EUof 10 June 2014amending Annexes I and II of Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels(Text with EEA relevance), 32014L0077, June 11, 2014
- Directive (EU) 2015/1513 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 9 September 2015amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources(Text with EEA relevance), 32015L1513, September 15, 2015
- Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Councilof 11 December 2018on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council(Text with EEA relevance), 32018R1999, December 21, 2018
1. "petrol" means any volatile mineral oil intended for the operation of internal combustion positive-ignition engines for the propulsion of vehicles and falling within CN codes 27101141 ,27101145 ,27101149 ,27101151 and27101159 The numbering of these CN codes as specified in the CCT, as amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2031/2001 ( OJ L 279, 23.10.2001, p. 1 ).2. "diesel fuels" means gas oils falling within CN code 27101941 The numbering of these CN codes as specified in the CCT, as amended by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2031/2001 ( OJ L 279, 23.10.2001, p. 1 ).3. "gas oils intended for use by non-road mobile machinery (including inland waterway vessels), agricultural and forestry tractors, and recreational craft" means any petroleum-derived liquid, falling within CN codes 27101941 and27101945 The numbering of these CN codes as specified in the Common Customs Tariff ( OJ L 256, 7.6.1987, p. 1 ).OJ L 164, 30.6.1994, p. 15 .OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1 .OJ L 173, 12.7.2000, p. 1 .4. "outermost regions" means France with regard to the French overseas departments, Portugal with regard to the Azores and Madeira, and Spain with regard to the Canary Islands; 5. "Member States with low ambient summer temperatures" means Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden and the United Kingdom; 6. "life cycle greenhouse gas emissions" means all net emissions of CO 2 , CH4 and N2 O that can be assigned to the fuel (including any blended components) or energy supplied. This includes all relevant stages from extraction or cultivation, including land-use changes, transport and distribution, processing and combustion, irrespective of where those emissions occur;7. "greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy" means the total mass of CO 2 equivalent greenhouse gas emissions associated with the fuel or energy supplied, divided by the total energy content of the fuel or energy supplied (for fuel, expressed as its low heating value);8. "supplier" means the entity responsible for passing fuel or energy through an excise duty point or, if no excise is due, any other relevant entity designated by a Member State; 9. "biofuels" has the same meaning as in Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sourcesOJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16 .10. "renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin" means liquid or gaseous fuels other than biofuels whose energy content comes from renewable energy sources other than biomass, and which are used in transport; 11. "starch-rich crops" means crops comprising mainly cereals (regardless of whether only the grains are used or the whole plant, such as in the case of green maize, is used), tubers and root crops (such as potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes, cassava and yams), and corm crops (such as taro and cocoyam); 12. "low indirect land-use change-risk biofuels" means biofuels, the feedstocks of which were produced within schemes which reduce the displacement of production for purposes other than for making biofuels and which were produced in accordance with the sustainability criteria for biofuels set out in Article 7b; 13. "processing residue" means a substance that is not the end product(s) that a production process directly seeks to produce; it is not a primary aim of the production process and the process has not been deliberately modified to produce it; 14. "agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry residues" means residues that are directly generated by agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry; they do not include residues from related industries or processing.
(a) the avoidance of socioeconomic problems resulting from higher vapour pressure, including time-limited technical adaptation needs; and (b) the environmental or health consequences of the higher vapour pressure and, in particular, the impact on compliance with Community legislation on air quality, both in the Member State concerned and in other Member States.
(a) the total volume of each type of fuel or energy supplied; and (b) life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy.
(a) 6 % by 31 December 2020 . Member States may require suppliers, for this reduction, to comply with the following intermediate targets: 2 % by31 December 2014 and 4 % by31 December 2017 ;(b) an indicative additional target of 2 % by 31 December 2020 , subject to Article 9(1)(h), to be achieved through one or both of the following methods:(i) the supply of energy for transport supplied for use in any type of road vehicle, non-road mobile machinery (including inland waterway vessels), agricultural or forestry tractor or recreational craft; (ii) the use of any technology (including carbon capture and storage) capable of reducing life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy from fuel or energy supplied;
(c) an indicative additional target of 2 % by 31 December 2020 , subject to Article 9(1)(i), to be achieved through the use of credits purchased through the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, under the conditions set out in Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the CommunityOJ L 275, 25.10.2003, p. 32 .
(a) renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin; (b) carbon capture and utilisation for transport purposes.
(a) primary forest and other wooded land, that is forest and other wooded land of native species, where there is no clearly visible indication of human activity and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed; (b) areas designated: (i) by law or by the relevant competent authority for nature protection purposes; or (ii) for the protection of rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems or species recognised by international agreements or included in lists drawn up by intergovernmental organisations or the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, subject to their recognition in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 7c(4);
unless evidence is provided that the production of that raw material did not interfere with those nature protection purposes; (c) highly biodiverse grassland that is: (i) natural, namely, grassland that would remain grassland in the absence of human intervention and which maintains the natural species composition and ecological characteristics and processes; or (ii) non-natural, namely, grassland that would cease to be grassland in the absence of human intervention and which is species-rich and not degraded, unless evidence is provided that the harvesting of the raw material is necessary to preserve its grassland status.
(a) wetlands, namely, land that is covered with or saturated by water permanently or for a significant part of the year; (b) continuously forested areas, namely, land spanning more than one hectare with trees higher than five metres and a canopy cover of more than 30 %, or trees able to reach those thresholds in situ ;(c) land spanning more than one hectare with trees higher than five metres and a canopy cover of between 10 % and 30 %, or trees able to reach those thresholds in situ , unless evidence is provided that the carbon stock of the area before and after conversion is such that, when the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV is applied, the conditions laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article would be fulfilled.
Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour (No 29), Convention concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise (No 87), Convention concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organise and to Bargain Collectively (No 98), Convention concerning Equal Remuneration of Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value (No 100), Convention concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (No 105), Convention concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (No 111), Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment (No 138), Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No 182).
the Carthagena Protocol on biosafety, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
(a) allows consignments of raw material or biofuel with differing sustainability characteristics to be mixed; (b) requires information about the sustainability characteristics and sizes of the consignments referred to in point (a) to remain assigned to the mixture; and (c) provides for the sum of all consignments withdrawn from the mixture to be described as having the same sustainability characteristics, in the same quantities, as the sum of all consignments added to the mixture.
in general: (a) the independence, modality and frequency of audits, both in relation to what is stated on those aspects in the scheme documentation, at the time the scheme concerned was approved by the Commission, and in relation to industry best practice; (b) the availability of, and experience and transparency in the application of, methods for identifying and dealing with non-compliance, with particular regard to dealing with situations or allegations of serious wrongdoing on the part of members of the scheme; (c) transparency, particularly in relation to the accessibility of the scheme, the availability of translations in the applicable languages of the countries and regions from which raw materials originate, the accessibility of a list of certified operators and relevant certificates, and the accessibility of auditor reports; (d) stakeholder involvement, particularly as regards the consultation of indigenous and local communities prior to decision making during the drafting and reviewing of the scheme as well as during audits and the response given to their contributions; (e) the overall robustness of the scheme, particularly in light of rules on the accreditation, qualification and independence of auditors and relevant scheme bodies; (f) market updates of the scheme, the amount of feedstocks and biofuels certified, by country of origin and type, the number of participants; (g) the ease and effectiveness of implementing a system that tracks the proofs of conformity with the sustainability criteria that the scheme gives to its member(s), such a system intended to serve as a means of preventing fraudulent activity with a view, in particular, to the detection, treatment and follow-up of suspected fraud and other irregularities and where appropriate, the number of cases of fraud or irregularities detected;
and in particular: (h) options for entities to be authorised to recognise and monitor certification bodies; (i) criteria for the recognition or accreditation of certification bodies; (j) rules on how the monitoring of the certification bodies is to be conducted; (k) ways to facilitate or improve the promotion of best practice.
(a) the effectiveness of the system in place for the provision of information on sustainability criteria; and (b) whether it is feasible and appropriate to introduce mandatory requirements in relation to air, soil or water protection, taking into account the latest scientific evidence and the Community's international obligations.
(a) where a default value for greenhouse gas emission savings for the biofuel production pathway is laid down in Part A or B of Annex IV and where the e l value for those biofuels calculated in accordance with point 7 of Part C of Annex IV is equal to or less than zero, by using that default value;(b) by using an actual value calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV; or (c) by using a value calculated as the sum of the factors of the formula referred to in point 1 of Part C of Annex IV, where disaggregated default values in Part D or E of Annex IV may be used for some factors, and actual values, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex IV, for all other factors.
the method of accounting for wastes and residues; the method of accounting for co-products; the method of accounting for cogeneration; and the status given to agricultural crop residues as co-products.
(a) where the contribution of a factor to overall emissions is small, or where there is limited variation, or where the cost or difficulty of establishing actual values is high, default values must be typical of normal production processes; (b) in all other cases default values must be conservative compared to normal production processes.
(a) the use and evolution of automotive technology and, in particular, the feasibility of increasing the maximum permitted biofuel content of petrol and diesel and the need to review the date referred to in Article 3(3); (b) Community policy on CO 2 emissions from road transport vehicles;(c) the possibility of applying the requirements of Annex II, and in particular the limit value for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, to non-road mobile machinery (including inland waterways vessels), agricultural and forestry tractors and recreational craft; (d) the increase in the use of detergents in fuels; (e) the use of metallic additives other than MMT in fuels; (f) the total volume of components used in petrol and diesel having regard to Community environmental legislation, including the objectives of Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policyOJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1 .(g) the consequences of the greenhouse gas reduction target set in Article 7a(2) for the emissions trading scheme; (h) the potential need for adjustments to Articles 2(6), 2(7) and 7a(2)(b) in order to assess possible contributions for reaching a greenhouse gas reduction target of up to 10 % by 2020. These considerations shall be based on the potential for life cycle greenhouse gas emission reductions from fuels and energy within the Community, taking into account in particular any developments in environmentally safe carbon capture and storage technologies and in electric road vehicles, and the cost effectiveness of means of reducing those emissions, as referred to in Article 7a(2)(b); (i) the possibility of introducing additional measures for suppliers to reduce by 2 % life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy, in comparison with the fuel baseline standard referred to in Article 7a(5)(b), through the use of credits purchased through the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol under the conditions set out in Directive 2003/87/EC, in order to assess further possible contributions for reaching a greenhouse gas reduction target of up to 10 % by 2020, as referred to in Article 7a(2)(c) of this Directive; (j) an updated cost-benefit and impact analysis of a reduction in the maximum permitted vapour pressure for petrol for the summer period below 60 kPa; (k) the production pathways, volumes and the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy, including the provisional mean values of the estimated indirect land-use change emissions and the associated range derived from the sensitivity analysis as set out in Annex V, of the biofuels consumed in the Union. The Commission shall make data on the provisional mean values of the estimated indirect land-use change emissions and the associated range derived from the sensitivity analysis publicly available.
| Parameter | Unit | Limits | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | ||
| Research octane number | 95 | — | |
| Motor octane number | 85 | — | |
| Vapour pressure, summer period | kPa | — | 60,0 |
| Distillation: | |||
| % v/v | 46,0 | — |
| % v/v | 75,0 | — |
| Hydrocarbon analysis: | |||
| % v/v | — | 18,0 |
| % v/v | — | 35,0 |
| % v/v | — | 1,0 |
| Oxygen content | % m/m | 3,7 | |
| Oxygenates | |||
| % v/v | 3,0 | |
| % v/v | 10,0 | |
| % v/v | — | 12,0 |
| % v/v | — | 15,0 |
| % v/v | — | 15,0 |
| % v/v | — | 22,0 |
| % v/v | — | 15,0 |
| Sulphur content | mg/kg | — | 10,0 |
| Lead content | g/l | — | 0,005 |
| Parameter | Unit | Limits | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | ||
| Cetane number | 51,0 | — | |
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m | — | 845,0 |
| Distillation: | |||
| °C | — | 360,0 |
| Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | % m/m | — | 8,0 |
| Sulphur content | mg/kg | — | 10,0 |
| FAME content — EN 14078 | % v/v | — | 7,0 |
| Bioethanol content (%v/v) | Vapour pressure waiver permitted (kPa) |
|---|---|
| Biofuel production pathway | Typical greenhouse gas emission saving | Default greenhouse gas emission saving |
|---|---|---|
| Sugar beet ethanol | 61 % | 52 % |
| Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified) | 32 % | 16 % |
| Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant) | 32 % | 16 % |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler) | 45 % | 34 % |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 53 % | 47 % |
| Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant) | 69 % | 69 % |
| Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 56 % | 49 % |
| Sugar cane ethanol | 71 % | 71 % |
| The part from renewable sources of ethyl-Tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE) | Equal to that of the ethanol production Pathway used | |
| The part from renewable sources of tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether (TAEE) | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| Rape seed biodiesel | 45 % | 38 % |
| Sunflower biodiesel | 58 % | 51 % |
| Soybean biodiesel | 40 % | 31 % |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified) | 36 % | 19 % |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 62 % | 56 % |
| Waste vegetable or animal | 88 % | 83 % |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed | 51 % | 47 % |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower | 65 % | 62 % |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified) | 40 % | 26 % |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 68 % | 65 % |
| Pure vegetable oil from rape seed | 58 % | 57 % |
| Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas | 80 % | 73 % |
| Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas | 84 % | 81 % |
| Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas | 86 % | 82 % |
| Biofuel production pathway | Typical greenhouse gas emission saving | Default greenhouse gas emission saving |
|---|---|---|
| Wheat straw ethanol | 87 % | 85 % |
| Waste wood ethanol | 80 % | 74 % |
| Farmed wood ethanol | 76 % | 70 % |
| Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 95 % | 95 % |
| Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 93 % | 93 % |
| Waste wood dimethylether (DME) | 95 % | 95 % |
| Farmed wood DME | 92 % | 92 % |
| Waste wood methanol | 94 % | 94 % |
| Farmed wood methanol | 91 % | 91 % |
| The part from renewable sources of methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) | Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used | |
(a) was not in use for agriculture or any other activity in January 2008; and (b) falls into one of the following categories: (i) severely degraded land, including such land that was formerly in agricultural use; (ii) heavily contaminated land.
(a) "severely degraded land" means land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and been severely eroded; (b) "heavily contaminated land" means land that is unfit for the cultivation of food and feed due to soil contamination.
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sugar beet ethanol | 12 | 12 |
| Wheat ethanol | 23 | 23 |
| Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced | 20 | 20 |
| Sugar cane ethanol | 14 | 14 |
| The part from renewable sources of ETBE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| The part from renewable sources of TAEE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| Rape seed biodiesel | 29 | 29 |
| Sunflower biodiesel | 18 | 18 |
| Soybean biodiesel | 19 | 19 |
| Palm oil biodiesel | 14 | 14 |
| Waste vegetable or animal | 0 | 0 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed | 30 | 30 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower | 18 | 18 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil | 15 | 15 |
| Pure vegetable oil from rape seed | 30 | 30 |
| Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas | 0 | 0 |
| Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas | 0 | 0 |
| Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas | 0 | 0 |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sugar beet ethanol | 19 | 26 |
| Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified) | 32 | 45 |
| Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant) | 32 | 45 |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler) | 21 | 30 |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 14 | 19 |
| Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant) | 1 | 1 |
| Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 15 | 21 |
| Sugar cane ethanol | 1 | 1 |
| The part from renewable sources of ETBE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| The part from renewable sources of TAEE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| Rape seed biodiesel | 16 | 22 |
| Sunflower biodiesel | 16 | 22 |
| Soybean biodiesel | 18 | 26 |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified) | 35 | 49 |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 13 | 18 |
| Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel | 9 | 13 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed | 10 | 13 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower | 10 | 13 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified) | 30 | 42 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 7 | 9 |
| Pure vegetable oil from rape seed | 4 | 5 |
| Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas | 14 | 20 |
| Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas | 8 | 11 |
| Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas | 8 | 11 |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sugar beet ethanol | 2 | 2 |
| Wheat ethanol | 2 | 2 |
| Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced | 2 | 2 |
| Sugar cane ethanol | 9 | 9 |
| The part from renewable sources of ETBE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| The part from renewable sources of TAEE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| Rape seed biodiesel | 1 | 1 |
| Sunflower biodiesel | 1 | 1 |
| Soybean biodiesel | 13 | 13 |
| Palm oil biodiesel | 5 | 5 |
| Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel | 1 | 1 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed | 1 | 1 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower | 1 | 1 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil | 5 | 5 |
| Pure vegetable oil from rape seed | 1 | 1 |
| Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas | 3 | 3 |
| Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas | 5 | 5 |
| Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas | 4 | 4 |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sugar beet ethanol | 33 | 40 |
| Wheat ethanol (process fuel not specified) | 57 | 70 |
| Wheat ethanol (lignite as process fuel in CHP plant) | 57 | 70 |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in conventional boiler) | 46 | 55 |
| Wheat ethanol (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 39 | 44 |
| Wheat ethanol (straw as process fuel in CHP plant) | 26 | 26 |
| Corn (maize) ethanol, Community produced (natural gas as process fuel in CHP plant) | 37 | 43 |
| Sugar cane ethanol | 24 | 24 |
| The part from renewable sources of ETBE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| The part from renewable sources of TAEE | Equal to that of the ethanol production pathway used | |
| Rape seed biodiesel | 46 | 52 |
| Sunflower biodiesel | 35 | 41 |
| Soybean biodiesel | 50 | 58 |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process not specified) | 54 | 68 |
| Palm oil biodiesel (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 32 | 37 |
| Waste vegetable or animal oil biodiesel | 10 | 14 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape seed | 41 | 44 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from sunflower | 29 | 32 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process not specified) | 50 | 62 |
| Hydrotreated vegetable oil from palm oil (process with methane capture at oil mill) | 27 | 29 |
| Pure vegetable oil from rape seed | 35 | 36 |
| Biogas from municipal organic waste as compressed natural gas | 17 | 23 |
| Biogas from wet manure as compressed natural gas | 13 | 16 |
| Biogas from dry manure as compressed natural gas | 12 | 15 |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wheat straw ethanol | 3 | 3 |
| Waste wood ethanol | 1 | 1 |
| Farmed wood ethanol | 6 | 6 |
| Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 1 | 1 |
| Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 4 | 4 |
| Waste wood DME | 1 | 1 |
| Farmed wood DME | 5 | 5 |
| Waste wood methanol | 1 | 1 |
| Farmed wood methanol | 5 | 5 |
| The part from renewable sources of MTBE | Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used | |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wheat straw ethanol | 5 | 7 |
| Wood ethanol | 12 | 17 |
| Wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 0 | 0 |
| Wood DME | 0 | 0 |
| Wood methanol | 0 | 0 |
| The part from renewable sources of MTBE | Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used | |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wheat straw ethanol | 2 | 2 |
| Waste wood ethanol | 4 | 4 |
| Farmed wood ethanol | 2 | 2 |
| Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 3 | 3 |
| Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 2 | 2 |
| Waste wood DME | 4 | 4 |
| Farmed wood DME | 2 | 2 |
| Waste wood methanol | 4 | 4 |
| Farmed wood methanol | 2 | 2 |
| The part from renewable sources of MTBE | Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used | |
| Biofuel production pathway | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wheat straw ethanol | 11 | 13 |
| Waste wood ethanol | 17 | 22 |
| Farmed wood ethanol | 20 | 25 |
| Waste wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 4 | 4 |
| Farmed wood Fischer-Tropsch diesel | 6 | 6 |
| Waste wood DME | 5 | 5 |
| Farmed wood DME | 7 | 7 |
| Waste wood methanol | 5 | 5 |
| Farmed wood methanol | 7 | 7 |
| The part from renewable sources of MTBE | Equal to that of the methanol production pathway used | |
| Feedstock group | Mean | Interpercentile range derived from the sensitivity analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Cereals and other starch-rich crops | 12 | 8 to 16 |
| Sugars | 13 | 4 to 17 |
| Oil crops | 55 | 33 to 66 |
(1) feedstocks which are not listed under Part A of this Annex. (2) feedstocks, the production of which has led to direct land-use change, i.e. a change from one of the following IPCC land cover categories; forest land, grassland, wetlands, settlements, or other land, to cropland or perennial cropland ( ++ )Perennial crops are defined as multi-annual crops, the stem of which is usually not annually harvested such as short rotation coppice and oil palm. e ) should have been calculated in accordance with paragraph 7 of Part C of Annex IV.l
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