Council Directive 93/14/EEC of 5 April 1993 on the braking of two or three-wheel motor vehicles
Modified by
  • Commission Directive 2006/27/ECof 3 March 2006amending for the purposes of adapting to technical progress Council Directives 93/14/EEC on the braking of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 93/34/EEC on statutory markings for two- or three-wheel motor vehicles, Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council 95/1/EC on the maximum design speed, maximum torque and maximum net engine power of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 97/24/EC on certain components and characteristics of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles(Text with EEA relevance) Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2006/27/EC of 3 March 2006 amending for the purposes of adapting to technical progress Council Directives 93/14/EEC on the braking of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 93/34/EEC on statutory markings for two- or three-wheel motor vehicles, Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council 95/1/EC on the maximum design speed, maximum torque and maximum net engine power of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 97/24/EC on certain components and characteristics of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles(Official Journal of the European Union L 66 of 8 March 2006), 306L0027306L0027R(01), March 8, 2006
Corrected by
  • Corrigendum to Commission Directive 2006/27/EC of 3 March 2006 amending for the purposes of adapting to technical progress Council Directives 93/14/EEC on the braking of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 93/34/EEC on statutory markings for two- or three-wheel motor vehicles, Directives of the European Parliament and of the Council 95/1/EC on the maximum design speed, maximum torque and maximum net engine power of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles and 97/24/EC on certain components and characteristics of two- or three-wheel motor vehicles, 306L0027R(01), October 30, 2008
Council Directive 93/14/EECof 5 April 1993on the braking of two or three-wheel motor vehicles THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 100a thereof, Having regard to Council Directive 92/61/EEC of 30 June 1992 relating to the type-approval of two or three-wheel motor vehiclesOJ No L 225, 10. 8. 1992, p. 72., Having regard to the proposal from the CommissionOJ No C 93, 13. 4. 1992, p. 24., In cooperation with the European ParliamentOJ No C 305, 23. 11. 1992, p. 114; andOJ No C 72, 15. 3. 1993., Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social CommitteeOJ No C 313, 30. 11. 1992, p. 7., Whereas measures should be adopted which are intended gradually to establish the internal market within a period expiring on 31 December 1992; whereas the internal market comprises an area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured; Whereas, with regard to braking, in each Member State two or three-wheel vehicles must display certain technical characteristics laid down by mandatory provisions which differ from one Member State to another; whereas, as a result of their differences, such provisions constitute barriers to trade within the Community; Whereas these barriers to the establishment and operation of the internal market may be removed if the same requirements are adopted by all the Member States in place of their national rules; Whereas it is necessary to draw up harmonized requirements concerning the braking of two or three-wheel motor vehicles in order to enable the type-approval and component type-approval procedures laid down in Directive 92/61/EEC to be applied for each type of such vehicle; Whereas in order to facilitate access to the markets of non-Community countries it is necessary to establish equivalence between the requirements of this Directive and those of United Nations ECE Regulation No 78, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1 This Directive applies to the braking of all types of vehicle as defined in Article 1 of Directive 92/61/EEC.
Article 2 The procedure for the granting of component type-approval in respect of the braking of a type of two or three-wheel motor vehicle and the conditions governing the free movement of such vehicles shall be as laid down in Chapters II and III of Directive 92/61/EEC.
Article 3 In accordance with Article 11 of Directive 92/61/EEC, equivalence between the requirements laid down in this Directive and those laid down in United Nations ECE Regulation No 78 (E/ECE/324 and E/ECE(TRANS/505 REV 1 ADD 77 of 20 October 1988) is hereby acknowledged. The authorities of the Member States which grant component type-approval shall accept approvals granted in accordance with the requirements of the abovementioned Regulation No 78 as well as component type-approval marks as an alternative to the corresponding approvals and component type-approval marks granted in accordance with this Directive.
Article 4 This Directive may be amended in accordance with Article 13 of Directive 70/156/EECOJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 92/53/EEC (OJ No L 225, 10. 8. 1992, p. 1). in order to: take into account any amendments to the ECE Regulation referred to in Article 3, adapt the Annex to technical progress.
Article 5 1. Member States shall adopt and publish the provisions necessary to comply with this Directive before 5 October 1994 and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. When the Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States. From the date mentioned in the first subparagraph Member States may not, for reasons connected with braking, prohibit the initial entry into service of vehicles which conform to this Directive. They shall apply the provisions referred to in the first suparagraph as from 5 April 1995. 2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.
Article 6 This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
null ANNEX 1.DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Directive: 1.1.Type of vehicle with respect to its braking: means vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as: 1.1.1.the vehicle category, as defined in Article 1 of this Directive; 1.1.2.the maximum mass, as defined in 1.13; 1.1.3.the distribution of mass among the axles; 1.1.4.the maximum design speed; 1.1.5.a different type of braking system; 1.1.6.number and arrangement of the axles; 1.1.7.engine type; 1.1.8.the number of gears and their overall ratio; 1.1.8a.final drive ratios; 1.1.9.the tyre dimensions. 1.2.Braking device: means the combination of parts other than the engine whose function is progressively to reduce the speed of a moving vehicle or to bring it to a halt, or to keep it stationary if it is already halted; these functions are specified in 2.1.2. The device consists of the control, the transmission and the brake proper. 1.3.Control: means the part actuated directly by the driver to furnish to the transmission the energy required for braking, or for controlling it. This energy may be the muscular energy of the driver, or energy of another source controlled by the driver, or a combination of these various kinds of energy. 1.4.Transmission: means the combination of components comprised between the control and the brakes and linking them functionally. Where the braking power is derived from or assisted by a source of energy independent of the driver but controlled by him, the reserve of energy in the device is likewise part of the transmission. 1.5.Brake: means the parts of the braking device in which the forces opposing the movement of the vehicle are developed. 1.6.Different types of braking devices: means devices which differ in such essential respects as: 1.6.1.components having different characteristics; 1.6.2.a component made of materials having different characteristics, or a component differing in shape or size; 1.6.3.a different assembly of the components. 1.7.Component(s) of a braking device: means one or more of the individual parts which, when assembled, constitute the braking device. 1.8.Combined braking system means: 1.8.1.in the case of two-wheel mopeds and two-wheel motorcycles, a system whereby at least two brakes on different wheels are actuated in combination by the operation of a single control; 1.8.2.in the case of three-wheel mopeds and tricycles, a braking device which operates on all the wheels; 1.8.3.in the case of motorcycles with sidecar, a braking device which operates at least on the front and on the rear wheel. Therefore a braking device which operates simultaneously on the rear wheel and on the sidecar wheel is regarded as a rear brake. 1.9.Progressive and graduated braking: means braking during which, within the normal operating range of the device, and whether during the application or during release of the brakes: 1.9.1.the driver can at any moment increase or decrease the braking force by acting on the control; 1.9.2.the braking force varies proportionally to the action on the control (monotonic function); and 1.9.3.the braking force can be easily regulated with sufficient precision. 1.10.Maximum design speed: means the speed which the vehicle cannot exceed, on the level and without undue external influence, taking into account any special limitations imposed on the design and construction of the vehicle. 1.11.Laden vehicle: means, except where otherwise stated, a vehicle so laden as to attain its maximum mass. 1.12.Unladen vehicle: means the vehicle alone, as submitted for the tests, plus the driver alone and any necessary test equipment or instrumentation. 1.13.Maximum mass: means the maximum mass stated by the vehicle manufacturer to be technically permissible (this mass may be greater than the permissible maximum mass laid down by the national administration). 1.14.Wet brake: means a brake or brakes which has/have been treated in accordance with Section 1.3 of Appendix 1. 2.CONSTRUCTION AND FITTING REQUIREMENTS 2.1.General 2.1.1.Braking device 2.1.1.1.The braking device must be so designed, constructed and fitted as to enable the vehicle in normal use to comply with the provisions of this Directive, despite the vibration to which it may be subjected. 2.1.1.2.In particular, the braking device shall be so designed, constructed and fitted as to be able to resist the corroding and ageing phenomena to which it is exposed. 2.1.1.3.Brake linings shall not contain asbestos. 2.1.2.Functions of the braking device The braking device defined in 1.2 must fulfil the following conditions: 2.1.2.1.Service braking The service braking must make it possible to control the movement of the vehicle and to halt it safely, speedily and effectively, whatever its speed and load, on any up or down gradient. It must be possible to graduate this braking action. The driver must be able to achieve this braking action from his driving seat without removing his hands from the steering control. 2.1.2.2.Secondary (emergency) braking (where applicable) The secondary (emergency) braking must make it possible to halt the vehicle within a reasonable distance in the event of failure of the service braking. It must be possible to graduate this braking action. The driver must be able to obtain this braking action from his driving seat while keeping at least one hand on the steering control. For the purposes of these provisions it is assumed that not more than one failure of the service braking can occur at one time. 2.1.2.3.Parking brake (if fitted) The parking brake must make it possible to halt the vehicle stationary on up or down gradient even in the absence of the driver, the working parts being then held in the locked position by a purely mechanical device. The driver must be able to achieve this braking action from his driving seat. 2.2.Characteristics of braking devices 2.2.1.Every two-wheel moped or two-wheel motorcycle shall be equipped with two service braking devices, with independent controls and transmissions, one acting at least on the front wheel and the other at least on the rear wheel. 2.2.1.1.The two service braking devices may have a common braking so long as a failure in one braking device does not affect the performance of the other. Certain parts, such as the brake itself, the brake cylinders and their pistons (except the seals), the push rods and the cam assemblies of the brakes, shall not be regarded as liable to breakage if they are amply dimensioned, are readily accessible for maintenance and exhibit sufficient safety features. 2.2.1.2.A parking braking device is not compulsory. 2.2.2.Every motorcycle with sidecar shall be equipped with the braking devices which would be required if it had no sidecar; if these devices enable the required performance to be achieved in tests of the vehicle with sidecar, a brake on the sidecar wheel shall not be required; a parking braking device is not compulsory. 2.2.3.Every three-wheel moped must be equipped with: 2.2.3.1.either two independent service braking devices which together actuate the brakes on all of the wheels; or 2.2.3.2.a service braking device which operates on all the wheels, and a secondary (emergency) braking device which may be the parking brake. 2.2.3.3.In addition, every three-wheel moped must be equipped with a parking braking device acting on the wheel or wheels of at least one axle. The parking braking device, which may be one of the two devices specified in 2.2.3.1, must be independent of the device acting on the other axle or axles. 2.2.4.Every tricycle must be equipped with: 2.2.4.1.a foot-controlled serviced braking device which operates on all wheels, and a secondary (emergency) braking device which may be the parking brake; and 2.2.4.2.a parking braking device acting on the wheels of at least one axle. The control of the parking device must be independent of the control of the service braking device. 2.2.5.The braking devices must act on brake surfacespermanently connected to the wheels either rigidly or through components unlikely to fail. 2.2.6.The component parts of all braking devices, where attached to the vehicle, must be so secured that the braking devices do not fail in their function under normal operating conditions. 2.2.7.The braking devices shall operate freely when correctly lubricated and adjusted. 2.2.7.1.Wear of the brakes must be capable of being easily taken up by means of either manual or automatic adjustment. The brakes shall be capable of being adjusted to an efficient operating position until the brake linings have worn to the point of requiring replacement. 2.2.7.2.The control and the components of the transmission and of the brakes must possess a reserve of travel such that when the brakes become heated and the brake linings have reached maximum permitted degree of wear, effective braking is ensured without immediate adjustment being necessary. 2.2.7.3.When correctly adjusted the components of the braking device must not, when operated, contact anything other than the intended parts. 2.2.8.In braking devices where the transmission is hydraulic, the receptables containing the reserve fluid must be so designed and constructed that the level of the reserve fluid can be easily checked. This provision does not apply to mopeds with a maximum speed of 25 km/h or lower.