Council Directive 74/61/EEC of 17 December 1973 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to devices to prevent the unauthorized use of motor vehicles
Modified by
  • Commission Directive 95/56/ECof 8 November 1995adapting to technical progress Council Directive 74/61/EEC relating to devices to prevent the unauthorized use of motor vehicles(Text with EEA relevance)Corrigendum to Commission Directive 95/56/EC of 8 November 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 74/61/EEC relating to devices to prevent the unauthorised use of motor vehicles(Official Journal of the European Communities L 286 of 29 November 1995), 31995L005631995L0056R(02), November 29, 1995
  • Actconcerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, 12003T, September 23, 2003
  • Council Directive 2006/96/ECof 20 November 2006adapting certain Directives in the field of free movement of goods, by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania, 32006L0096, December 20, 2006
  • Council Directive 2013/15/EUof 13 May 2013adapting certain directives in the field of free movement of goods, by reason of the accession of the Republic of Croatia, 32013L0015, June 10, 2013
Corrected by
  • Corrigendum to Council Directive No 74/61/EEC of 17 December 1973 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to devices to prevent the unauthorized use of motor vehicles, 31974L0061R(01), August 6, 1974
  • Corrigendum to Commission Directive 95/56/EC of 8 November 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 74/61/EEC relating to devices to prevent the unauthorised use of motor vehicles, 31995L0056R(02), February 13, 1998
Council Directiveof 17 December 1973on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to devices to prevent the unauthorized use of motor vehicles(74/61/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 100 thereof;Having regard to the proposal from the Commission;Having regard to the Opinion of the European ParliamentOJ No C 112, 27. 10. 1972, p. 16.;Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social CommitteeOJ No C 60, 26. 7. 1973, p. 12.;Whereas the technical requirements which motor vehicles must satisfy pursuant to national laws relate, inter alia, to devices to prevent the unauthorized use of such vehicles;Whereas those requirements differ from one Member State to another; whereas it is therefore necessary that all Member States adopt the same requirements, either in addition to or in place of their existing rules, in order in particular to allow the EEC type approval procedure which was the subject of the Council Directive of 6 February 1970OJ No L 42, 23. 2. 1970, p. 1. on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type approval of motor vehicles and their trailers to be applied in respect of each type of vehicle;Whereas as regards the technical requirements it is advisable to follow basically those adopted by the UN Economic Commission for Europe in its Regulation No 18EEC, Geneva, E/ECE/324 — E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. Add. 17. ("Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their protection against unauthorized use"), which is annexed to the Agreement of 20 March 1958 concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts,HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
Article 1For the purposes of this Directive, "vehicle" means any motor vehicle intended for use on the road, being complete or incomplete, having at least four wheels and a maximum design speed exceeding 25 km/h, with the exception of vehicles which run on rails and of agricultural and forestry tractors and all mobile machinery.
Article 2No Member State may refuse to grant EEC type approval or national type approval of a vehicle on grounds relating to the device to prevent unauthorized use if such device meets the requirements set out in the relevant Annexes.
Article 3No Member State may refuse or prohibit the sale, registration, entry into service or use of any vehicle on grounds relating to the device to prevent unauthorized use if such device meets the requirements set out in the relevant Annexes.
Article 4The Member State which has granted type approval shall take the necessary measures to be informed of any modification of a part or characteristic referred to inthe relevant Annexes. The competent authorities of that State shall determine whether fresh tests should be carried out on the modified vehicle type and a fresh report drawn up. Where such tests reveal failure to comply with the requirements of this Directive, the modification shall not be approved.
Article 5The amendments necessary for adjusting the requirements of the Annexes so as to take account of technical progress shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 13 of the Council Directive of 6 February 1970 on the harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
Article 61.Member States shall put into force the provisions needed in order to comply with this Directive within eighteen months of its notification and shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof.2.Member States shall ensure that the texts of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive are communicated to the Commission.
Article 7This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
nullLIST OF ANNEXES
ANNEX I:Administrative provisions for type-approval
Appendix 1:Model of certificate of conformity
ANNEX II:Information documents
Appendix 1:Information document for a type of vehicle
Appendix 2:Information for a type of immobilizer
Appendix 3:Information document for a type of vehicle alarm system
ANNEX III:EEC type-approval certificates
Appendix 1:EEC type-approval certificate for a vehicle
Appendix 2:EEC type-approval certificate for an immobilizer
Appendix 3:EEC type-approval certificate for a vehicle alarm system
ANNEX IV:Scope, definitions and requirements for devices to prevent unauthorized use
Appendix 1:Wear-producing test procedure for devices to prevent unauthorized use acting on the steering
Appendix 2:Test procedure for devices to prevent unauthorized use acting on the steering using a torque limiting device
ANNEX V:Scope, definitions and requirements for immobilizers
Appendix 1:Model of installation certificate
ANNEX VI:Scope, definitions and requirements for vehicle alarm systems
Appendix 1:Model of installation certificate
Appendix 2:Test of systems for the protection of the passenger compartment
Appendix 3:Specifications for mechanical key switches
Appendix 4:Technical prescriptions for audible alarm devices
ANNEX IADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS FOR TYPE-APPROVAL1.Application for EEC type-approval of a vehicle1.1.The application for EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC of a vehicle type with regard to its device to prevent unauthorized use, its immobilizer and, if applicable, its alarm system shall be submitted by the manufacturer.1.2.A model for the information document is given in Annex II, Appendix 1.1.3.The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests:1.3.1.A vehicle representative of the type to be approved.1.3.2.If available, the type-approval certificates of immobilizers/alarm systems installed.2.Application for EEC type-approval of a type of vehicle immobilizer2.1.The application for EEC type-approval as a component or a separate technical unit pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC of a type of immobilizer shall be submitted by the manufacturer.2.2.A model for the information document is given in Annex II, Appendix 2.2.3.The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests:2.3.1.Three samples of the type of immobilizer to be approved with all its components. Each of the main components must be clearly and indelibly marked with the applicant's trade name or mark and the type designation of that component.2.3.2.(A) vehicle(s) fitted with the immobilizer to be type approved, chosen by the applicant in agreement with the technical service.3.Application for EEC type-approval of a type of vehicle alarm system3.1.The application for EEC type-approval as a component or a seperate technical unit pursuant to Article 3 (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC of a type of alarm system shall be submitted by the manufacturer.3.2.A model for the information document is given in Annex II, Appendix 3.3.3.The following must be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the type-approval tests:3.3.1.Three samples of the type of alarm system to be approved with all its components. Each of the main components must be clearly and indelibly marked with the applicant's trade name or mark and the type designation of that component.3.3.2.(A) vehicle(s) fitted with the alarm system to be type approved, chosen by the applicant in agreement with the technical service.4.Granting of EEC type-approval4.1.If the relevant requirements are satisfied, EEC type-approval pursuant to Article 4 (3) and (4) of Directive 70/156/EEC shall be granted.4.2.A model for the EEC type-approval certificate is given in:Annex III, Appendix 1 for applications referred to in item 1.1,Annex III, Appendix 2 for applications referred to in item 2.1,Annex III, Appendix 3 for applications referred to in item 3.1.4.3.An approval number in accordance with Annex VII to Directive 70/156/EEC shall be assigned to each type of vehicle, type of immobilizer or type of alarm system approved. The same Member State shall not assign the same number to another type of vehicle, type of immobilizer or type of alarm system.5.EEC type-approval mark5.1.Every vehicle alarm system and every immobilizer, conforming to a type approved pursuant to this Directive, shall bear an EEC type-approval mark. This mark shall consist of:5.1.1.a rectangle surrounding the lowercase letter "e" followed by the distinguishing letters or number of the Member State granting the approval:"1" Germany"2" France"3" Italy"4" Netherlands"5" Sweden"6" Belgium"7" Hungary"8" the Czech Republic"9" Spain"11" United Kingdom"12" Austria"13" Luxembourg"17" Finland"18" Denmark"19" for Romania"20" Poland"21" Portugal"23" Greece"25" for Croatia"26" for Slovenia"27" for Slovakia"29" for Estonia"32" for Latvia"34" for Bulgaria"36" for Lithuania"CY" for Cyprus"IRL" Ireland"MT" for Malta5.1.2.in the vicinity of the rectangle the "base approval number" contained in Section 4 of the type-approval number referred to in Annex VII to Directive 70/156/EEC, preceded by the two figures indicating the sequence number assigned to the most recent major technical amendment to Directive 74/61/EEC on the date EEC type-approval was granted. In this Directive, the sequence number is 00;5.1.3.the additional symbol "A" or "I" or "AI", indicating if the component or the separate technical unit is a vehicle alarm system or an immobilizer or a combination of both.5.2.Examples of EEC type-approval marks are given belowThe above approval mark affixed to a vehicle alarm system or to an immobilizer shows that the alarm system (A) or the immobilizer (I) or an alarm system in combination with an immobilizer (AI) has been approved in Spain (e 9), under the base approval number 1406. The first two digits (00) indicate that the approval was granted pursuant to this Directive.:5.3.As an alternative to the approval mark described in items 5.1 and 5.2, a certificate of conformity shall be issued for every vehicle alarm system offered for sale.Where a vehicle alarm system manufacturer supplies an approved unmarked vehicle alarm system to a vehicle manufacturer, for fitment by the manufacturer as original equipment for a vehicle model or range of vehicle models, the vehicle alarm system manufacturer shall supply a number of copies of the certificate of conformity to the vehicle manufacturer, sufficient for that manufacturer to obtain the vehicle approval to Part II of Annex VI to this Directive.If the vehicle alarm system is made up of separate components, its main component(s) shall bear a reference mark and the certificate of conformity shall provide a list of such reference marks.A model of the certificate of conformity is given in Appendix I to this Annex.6.Modifications of the type and amendments to approvals6.1.In the case of modifications of the type of vehicle, type of immobilizer or type of vehicle alarm system approved pursuant to this Directive, the provisions of Article 5 of Directive 70/156/EEC shall apply.7.Conformity of production7.1.Measures to ensure the conformity of production shall be taken in accordance with the provisions laid down in Article 10 of Directive 70/156/EEC.ANNEX IIINFORMATION DOCUMENTSANNEX IIIEEC TYPE-APPROVAL CERTIFICATESANNEX IVSCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR DEVICES TO PREVENT UNAUTHORIZED USE1.Scope1.1.All vehicles of category M1 and N1 — as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC — must be equipped with a device to prevent unauthorized use that complies with the requirements set out in items 3 and 4.1.2.The fitting of this device to vehicles of other categories is optional, but any such device fitted is required to comply with the provisions of this Annex.2.DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Annex:2.1."vehicle type"means a category of motor vehicles which do not differ in such essential respects as:2.1.1.the manufacturer's type designation;2.1.2.the arrangement and design of the vehicle component or components on which the device to prevent unauthorized use acts;2.1.3.the type of device to prevent unauthorized use;2.2."device to prevent unauthorized use"means a system designed to prevent unauthorized normal activation of the engine or other source of main engine power of the vehicle in combination with at least one system which:locks the steering,locks the transmission, orlocks the gearshift control;2.3."steering"means the steering control, the steering column and its accessory cladding, the steering shaft, the steering gearbox and all other components which directly affect the effectiveness of the device to prevent unauthorized use;2.4."combination"means one of the specifically developed and constructed variations of a locking system which, when properly activated, permits operation of the locking system;2.5."key"means any device designed and constructed to provide a method of operating a locking system which is designed and constructed to be operated only by that device;2.6."rolling code"means an electronic code consisting of several elements the combination of which changes at random after each operation of the transmitting unit.3.General specifications3.1.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall be so designed that it is necessary to put it out of action in order to enable:3.1.1.the engine to be started by means of the normal control; and3.1.2.the vehicle to be steered, driven or moved forward under its own power.3.2.The requirements of item 3.1 shall be met by the application of a single key.3.3.Except in the case provided for in item 4.1.5, a system operated with a key inserted in a lock shall not permit removal of the key before the device referred to in item 3.1 has come into action or has been set to act.3.4.The device to prevent unauthorized use referred to in item 3.1, and the vehicle components on which it operates, shall be so designed that it cannot rapidly and without attracting attention be opened, rendered ineffective or destroyed by, for example, the use of low-cost, easily concealed tools, equipment or fabrications readily available to the public at large.3.5.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall be fitted to the vehicle as an item of original equipment (i.e. equipment installed by the vehicle manufacturer prior to first retail sale). It shall be fitted in such a way that even after removal of its housing it cannot, when in the blocked condition, be dismantled otherwise than with special tools. If it were possible to render the device to prevent unauthorized use ineffective by the removal of screws, those screws shall, unless they are of the non-removable type, be covered by parts of the blocked protective device.3.6.Mechanical locking systems shall provide at least 1000 different key combinations or a number equal to the total number of vehicles manufactured annually if less than 1000. In vehicles of one type the frequency of occurrence of each combination shall be roughly one per 1000.3.7.Electrical/electronic locking systems, e.g. remote control, shall have at least 50000 variants and shall incorporate rolling codes and/or have a minimum scan time of 10 days, e.g. a maximum of 5000 variants per 24 hours for 50000 variants minimum.3.8.The key and lock shall not be visibly coded.3.9.The lock shall be so designed, constructed and fitted that turning of the lock cylinder, when in the locked position, with a torque of less than 2,45 Nm is not possible with any key other than the mating key; and3.9.1.for lock cylinders with pin tumblers no more than two identical tumblers operating in the same direction shall be positioned adjacent to each other, and in a lock there shall not be more than 60 % identical tumblers;3.9.2.for lock cylinders with disc tumblers no more than two identical tumblers operating in the same direction shall be positioned adjacent to each other, and in a lock there shall not be more than 50 % identical tumblers.3.10.Devices to prevent unauthorized use shall be such as to exclude any risk of accidental operating failure while the engine is running, particularly in the case of blockage likely to compromise safety.3.10.1.It shall not be possible to activate devices to prevent unauthorized use without first setting the engine controls to a stop condition and then performing an action which is not an uninterrupted continuation of stopping the engine.3.10.2.In the case of devices to prevent unauthorized use, if the action of key withdrawal activates the device it shall either necessitate a minimum movement of 2 mm before activation of the device or incorporate an override facility to prevent accidental removal or partial withdrawal of the key.3.11.Power assistance may be used only to activate the locking and/or unlocking action of the device to prevent unauthorized use. The device shall be kept in its operating position by any suitable means which does not need a power supply.3.12.It shall not be possible to activate the motive power of the vehicle by normal means until the device to prevent unauthorized use has been deactivated.3.13.Devices to prevent unauthorized use preventing release of the brakes of the vehicle shall not be permitted.3.14.If the device to prevent unauthorized use is equipped with a driver warning feature it shall be activated when the operator opens the driver's side door, unless the device has been activated and the key removed by the operator.4.Particular specificationIn addition to the general specification prescribed in Section 3, the device to prevent unauthorized use shall meet the particular conditions prescribed below:4.1.Devices to prevent unauthorized use acting on the steering4.1.1.A device to prevent unauthorized use acting on the steering shall render the steering inoperative. Before the engine can be started, the normal steering operation must be restored.4.1.2.When the device to prevent unauthorized use is set to act, it shall not be possible to prevent the device from functioning.4.1.3.The device to prevent unauthorized use must continue to meet items 3.10, 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.4 after it has undergone 2500 locking cycles in each direction of the wear producing test specified in Appendix 1.4.1.4.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall, in its activated position, satisfy one of the following criteria:4.1.4.1.It shall be strong enough to withstand, without damage to the steering mechanism likely to compromise safety, the application of a torque of 300 Nm about the axis of the steering spindle in both directions under static conditions.4.1.4.2.It shall incorporate a mechanism designed to yield or slip, such that the system will withstand, either continuously or intermittently, the application of a torque of at least 100 Nm. The locking system must still withstand the application of this torque after the test specified in Appendix 2.4.1.4.3.It shall incorporate a mechanism designed to permit the steering wheel to rotate freely on the blocked steering spindle. The blocking mechanism shall be strong enough to withstand the application of a torque of 200 Nm about the axis of the steering spindle in both directions under static conditions.4.1.5.If the device to prevent unauthorized use is such that the key can be removed in a position other than the position in which the steering is inoperative, it shall be so designed that the manoeuvre required to reach that position and remove the key cannot be effected inadvertently.4.1.6.If a component fails such that the torque requirements specified in 4.1.4.1, 4.1.4.2 and 4.1.4.3 cannot be easily applied, yet the steering system remains blocked, the system shall satisfy the requirements.4.2.Devices acting on the transmission4.2.1.A device to prevent unauthorized use acting on the transmission shall prevent the rotation of the vehicle's driving wheels.4.2.2.When the device to prevent unauthorized use is set to act, it shall not be possible to prevent the device from functioning.4.2.3.It shall not be possible for the transmission to be blocked inadvertently when the key is in the lock of the device to prevent unauthorized use, even if the device preventing starting of the engine has come into action or been set to act.4.2.4.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall be so designed and constructed that it remains fully effective even after some degree of wear as a result of 2500 locking cycles in each direction.4.2.5.If the device to prevent unauthorized use is such that the key can be removed in a position other than the position in which the transmission is locked, it shall be so designed that the manoeuvre required to reach that position and remove the key cannot be effected inadvertently.4.2.6.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall be strong enough to withstand, without damage likely to compromise safety, the application in both directions and in static conditions of a torque 50 % greater than the maximum torque that can normally be applied to the transmission. In determining the level of this testing torque account shall be taken not of the maximum engine torque, but of the maximum torque that can be transmitted by the clutch or by the automatic transmission.4.3.Devices to prevent unauthorized use acting on the gearshift control4.3.1.A device to prevent unauthorized use acting on the gearshift control shall be capable of preventing any change of gear.4.3.2.In the case of manual gearboxes it must be possible to lock the gearshift lever in reverse only; in addition locking in neutral shall be permitted.4.3.3.In the case of automatic gearboxes provided with a "parking" position it must be possible to lock the mechanism in the paring position only; in addition locking in neutral and/or reverse shall be permitted.4.3.4.In the case of automatic gearboxes not provided with a "parking" position it must be possible to lock the mechanism in the following positions only: neutral and/or reverse.4.3.5.The device to prevent unauthorized use shall be so designed and constructed that it remains fully effective even after some degree of wear as a result of 2500 locking cycles in each direction.5.Electromechanical and electronic devices to prevent unauthorized useElectromechanical and electronic devices to prevent unauthorized use, where fitted, shall comply with the requirements of items 3 and 4 and item 5 of Annex V, mutatis mutandis.ANNEX VSCOPE, DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR IMMOBILIZERS1.Scope1.1.All category M1 vehicles must be equipped with an immobilizer.1.2.Immobilizers for fitment to vehicles of other categories is optional, but any such device fitted is required to comply accordingly with the provisions of this Annex, mutatis mutandis.2.DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive:2.1."Immobilizer"means a device which is intended to prevent the driving away of a vehicle powered by its own engine.2.2."Control equipment"means equipment necessary for the setting and/or unsetting of an immobilizer.2.3."Status display"means any device intended to indicate the status of the immobilizer (set/unset, change of set to unset and vice versa).2.4."Set state"means the state in which the vehicle cannot be driven under its own power.2.5."Unset state"means the state in which the vehicle can be driven normally.2.6."Key"means any device designed and constructed to provide a method of operating a locking system, which is designed and constructed to be operated only by that device.2.7."Override"means a design feature which locks the immobilizer in the unset condition.2.8."Type of immobilizer"means systems which do not differ significantly in such essential aspects as:the manufacturer's trade name or mark,the kind of control equipment,the design of their operation on the relevant vehicle system(s) (as referred to in item 4.1).3.General specifications3.1.It must be possible to set and unset the immobilizer in accordance with these requirements.3.2.If the immobilizer includes the possibility of a radio transmission, e. g. for setting or unsetting, it shall comply with the relevant ETSI standardsETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. If these standards are not available when this Directive comes into force, then the relevant domestic requirements shall apply..3.3.An immobilizer and its installation shall be so designed that any equipped vehicle continues to meet the technical requirements.3.4.It shall not be possible for an immobilizer to enter the set state when the ignition key is in the engine running mode.3.5.It shall only be possible to override an immobilizer when it is in the unset condition using a suitable key.3.6.The immobilizer shall be designed and built such that when installed it shall not affect the designed function and operation of the vehicle, even in the case of malfunction.3.7.An immobilizer shall be designed and built such that, when installed on a vehicle, according to the manufacturer's instructions, it cannot rapidly and without attracting attention be rendered ineffective or destroyed by, e. g. the use of low cost easily concealed tools, equipment or fabrications readily available to the public at large. It shall be difficult and time consuming to replace a major component or assembly in order to bypass the immobilizer.3.8.An immobilizer shall be so designed and built such that when installed as specified by the manufacturer it is able to withstand the environment within the vehicle for a reasonable lifetime (for testing see paragraph 5). More particularly the electrical properties of the on-board circuitry shall not be adversely affected by the addition of the immobilizer (lead cross-sections, contact safety, etc.).3.9.An immobilizer may be combined with other vehicle systems or may be integrated into them (e. g. engine management, alarm systems).4.Particular specifications4.1.Extent of disablement4.1.1.An immobilizer shall be designed so as to prevent the operation of the vehicle under its own power by at least one of the following means:4.1.1.1.disable at least two separate vehicle circuits that are needed for vehicle operation under its own power (e. g. starter motor, ignition, fuel supply, etc.);4.1.1.2.interference by code of at least one control unit required for the operation of the vehicle;4.1.2.An immobilizer for fitment to a vehicle equipped with a catalytic converter shall not cause unburnt fuel to enter the exhaust.4.2.Operating reliabilityOperating reliability shall be achieved by suitable design of the immobilizer, account being taken of specific environmental conditions in the vehicle (see paragraph 3.8 and 5).4.3.Operating safetyIt shall be ensured that the immobilizer does not change its state (set/unset) as a result of any of the tests in paragraph 5.4.4.Setting of the immobilizer4.4.1.The immobilizer must set without supplementary action from the driver by at least one of the following means:at rotation of the ignition key into the "0" position in the ignition lock and activation of a door; in addition, immobilizers which unset immediately before or during the normal starting procedure of the vehicle are permitted to set on turning the ignition off,a maximum of 5 minutes after removing the key of the ignition lock, orwhen locking the vehicle.4.5.Unsetting4.5.1.Unsetting shall be achieved by using one or a combination of the following devices. Other devices giving equivalent performance are permitted.4.5.1.1.A mechanical key, complying with requirements of Appendix 3 to Annex VI.4.5.1.2.A key pad for inputting an individually selectable code having at least 10000 variants.4.5.1.3.Electrical/electronic device, e. g. remote control, with a least 50000 variants and shall incorporate rolling codes and/or have a minimum scan time of 10 days, e. g. a maximum of 5000 variants per 24 hours for 50000 variants minimum.4.6.Status display4.6.1.To provide information on the status of the immobilizer (set/unset, change of set to unset and vice versa), optical displays inside and outside the passenger compartment are allowed. The light intensity of optical signals installed outside the passenger compartment shall not exceed 0.5 cd.4.6.2.If an indication of short-term "dynamic" processes such as changes from "set" to "unset" and vice versa is provided, it shall be optical, according to paragraph 4.6.1. Such optical indication may also be produced by the simultaneous operation of the direction indicators and/or passenger compartment lamp(s), provided that the duration of the optical indication by the direction indicators does not exceed 3 seconds.5.Operation parameters and test conditions5.1.Operation parametersAll components of the immobilizer shall comply with prescriptions given in point 5 of Annex VI.This requirement does not apply to:those components that are fitted and tested as part of the vehicle, whether or not an immobilizer is fitted (e. g. lamps); or,those components that have previously been tested as part of the vehicle and documentary evidence has been provided.5.2.Test conditionsAll the tests shall be carried out in sequence on a single immobilizer. However, at the discretion of the test authority other samples may be used if this is not considered to affect the results of the other tests.5.2.1.Operation testUpon completion of all the tests specified below, the immobilizer shall be tested under the normal test conditions specified in paragraph 5.2.1.2. of Annex VI to check that it continues to function normally. Where necessary, fuses may be replaced prior to the test.All components of the immobilizer shall comply with prescriptions given in points 5.2.2 to 5.2.8 and 5.2.12 of Annex VI.6.Instructions(Items 6.1 to 6.3 for purposes of aftermarket installation only)Each immobilizer shall be accompanied by:6.1.Instructions for installation6.1.1.The list of vehicles and vehicle models for which the device is intended. This list may be specific or generic, e. g. "all cars with petrol engines and 12 V negative earth batteries".6.1.2.The method of installation illustrated by photographs and/or very clear drawings.6.1.3.Detailed installation instructions provided by the supplier shall be such that when correctly followed by a competent installer, the safety and reliability of the vehicle is not affected.6.1.4.The supplied installation instructions shall identify the electrical power requirements of the immobilizer and, where relevant, shall advise an increasing of battery size.6.1.5.The supplier shall provide post installation procedures for checking the vehicle. Particular attention shall be drawn to safety related features.6.2.A blank installation certificate, an example of which is given in Appendix 1.6.3.A general statement to the immobilizer purchaser calling his attention to the following points:6.3.1.the immobilizer should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;6.3.2.the selection of a good installer is recommended (the immobilizer manufacturer may be contacted to indicate appropriate installers);6.3.3.the installation certificate supplied with the immobilizer should be completed by the installer.6.4.Instructions for use6.5.Instructions for maintenance6.6.A general warning regarding the dangers of making any alterations or additions to the immobilizer; such alterations and additions would automatically invalidate the certificate of installation referred to in paragraph 6.2.ANNEX VISCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLE ALARM SYSTEMS1.ScopeThis Annex applies to:1.1.Part IVehicle alarm systems (VAS) which are intended to be permanently fitted to vehicles of category-M1M1 & N1 as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC. and category-N1M1 & N1 as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC. vehicles with a technically permissible maximum mass of not more than 2000 kgOnly vehicles with 12 volts electrical systems are considered..1.2.Part IIVehicles of category-M1M1 & N1 as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC. and category-N1M1 & N1 as defined in Annex II A to Directive 70/156/EEC. vehicles with a technically permissible maximum mass of not more than 2000 kg with regard to their alarm system(s) (AS)Only vehicles with 12 volts electrical systems are considered..1.3.If such a system is fitted to vehicles of other categories, then it must comply, mutatis mutandis, with the provisions of this Annex.PART IAPPROVAL OF VEHICLE ALARM SYSTEM2.DefinitionsFor the purpose of Part I of this Annex2.1."Vehicle alarm system" (VAS)means a system intended for installation on (a) type(s) of vehicle(s), designed to indicate intrusion into or interference with the vehicle; these systems may provide additional protection against unauthorized use of the vehicle;2.2."Sensor"means a device which senses a change which could be caused by intrusion into or interference with a vehicle;2.3."Alarm signal device"means a device indicating that intrusion into or interference has occurred;2.4."Control equipment"means equipment necessary for the setting, unsetting and testing of VAS and for sending an alarm condition to warning devices;2.5."Set"means the state of a VAS in which an alarm condition can be transmitted to warning devices;2.6."Unset"means the state of a VAS in which an alarm condition cannot be transmitted to warning devices;2.7."Key"means any device designed and constructed to provide a method of operating a locking system which is designed and constructed to be operated only by that device;2.8."Type of vehicle alarm system"means systems which do not differ significantly in such essential aspects as:the manufacturer's trade name or mark,the kind of sensor,the kind of alarm signal device,the kind of control equipment;2.9."Immobilizer"means a device which is intended to prevent the use of the vehicle powered by its own engine.2.10."Panic Alarm"means a device which enables a person to use an alarm, installed on the vehicle, to summon assistance in an emergency.3.General specifications3.1.VAS shall, in the event of intrusion into or interference with a vehicle, provide an alarm signal.The alarm signal shall be audible and in addition may include optical alarm devices, or be a radio alarm or any combination of the above.3.2.VAS shall be designed, constructed and installed in such a way that the vehicle when equipped shall continue to comply with the relevant technical requirements, especially with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).3.3.If the VAS includes the possibility of a radio transmission, e. g. for setting or unsetting of the alarm or for alarm transmission, it shall comply with the relevant ETSI standards. The frequency must be 433,92 MHz and the maximum radiated power 25 mW.3.4.The installation of a VAS in a vehicle shall not be capable of influencing the vehicle's performance (in the unset state), or its safe operation.3.5.The VAS and components thereof shall not activate inadvertently, particularly whilst the engine is in its running mode.3.6.Failure of the VAS, or failure of its electrical supply shall not affect the safe operation of the vehicle.3.7.The VAS, its components and the parts controlled by them shall be designed, built and installed in such a way as to minimize the risk for anyone to make them inoperative or to destroy them rapidly and without calling attention, e. g. using low-cost, easily-concealed tools, equipment or fabrications readily available to the public at large.3.8.The means of setting and unsetting of the VAS shall be designed in such a way that it does not invalidate the requirements of Annex IV of this Directive. Electrical connections to components covered by that Annex are allowed.3.9.The system shall be so arranged that the shorting out of any alarm signal circuit shall not render inoperative any aspects of the alarm system, other than the circuit which is shorted out.3.10.VAS may include an immobilizer which shall comply with the requirements of Annex V.4.Particular specifications4.1.Protection range4.1.1.Specific requirementsThe VAS shall at least detect and signal the opening of any vehicle door, engine bonnet and luggage compartment. The failure or switching off of light sources, e. g. passenger compartment light, shall not impair the control operation.Additional efficient sensors for information/display, e. g. of intrusions into the vehicle, e. g. passenger compartment control, window glass control, breakage of any glazed area, or of attempted vehicle theft, e. g. inclination sensor; are allowed, taking account of measures to prevent any unnecessary sounding of the alarm (= false alarm, see paragraph 4.1.2).In so far as these additional sensors generate an alarm signal even after an intrusion has occurred (e. g. by breakage of a glazed area) or under external influences (e. g. wind), the alarm signal, activated by one of the abovementioned sensors, shall be activated not more than 10 times within the same activation period of the VAS. In this case the activation period shall be limited by the unsetting of the system as a result of the vehicle user's action.Some kinds of additional sensors, e. g. passenger compartment control (ultrasonic, infra-red) or inclination sensor, etc., may be intentionally deactivated. In this case, separate deliberate action must be taken each time before the VAS is set. It must not be possible to deactivate the sensors while the alarm system is in a set state.4.1.2.Safety against false alarm.4.1.2.1.By adequate measures, e. g.:mechanical design and design of the electrical circuit according to conditions specific to motor vehicles,selection and application of operation and control principles for the alarm system and components thereof,it shall be ensured that the VAS both in set and unset conditions, cannot cause the alarm signal to sound unnecessarily, in the event of:an impact on the vehicle: test specified in item 5.2.13,electromagnetic compatibility: tests specified in item 5.2.12,reduction of battery voltage by continuous discharge: test specified in item 5.2.14,false alarm of the passenger compartment control: test specified in item 5.2.15.4.1.2.2.If the applicant for approval can demonstrate, e. g. by technical data, that safety against false alarm is satisfactorily ensured, the technical service responsible for conducting approval tests may not require some of the above tests.4.2.Audible alarm4.2.1.GeneralThe alarm signal shall be clearly audible and recognizable and shall differ significantly from the other audible signals used in road traffic.In addition to the original equipment audible warning device, a separate audible alarm signal device may be fitted in the area of the vehicle which is controlled by the VAS, where it shall be protected against easy, rapid access by persons.If a separate audible alarm signal device according to item 4.2.3.1 is used, the original equipment standard audible warning device may additionally be actuated by the VAS, provided that any tampering with the standard audible warning device (generally more easily accessible) does not affect the operation of the separate audible alarm signal device.4.2.2.Duration of the audible alarm signal:Minimum: 25 sMaximum: 30 s.The audible alarm signal may sound again only after the next interference with the vehicle i. e. after the abovementioned time span (Restrictions: see items 4.1.1 and 4.1.2).Unsetting of the alarm system shall immediately cut the alarm signal.4.2.3.Specifications concerning the audible alarm signal.4.2.3.1.Constant tone alarm signal device (constant frequency spectrum), e. g. horns: acoustical, etc. data according to Appendix 4 of this Annex.Intermittent alarm signal (on/off):Trigger frequency 2 Hz ± 1 HzOn time = off time ± 10 %4.2.3.2.Audible alarm signal device with frequency modulation: acoustical, etc. data according to Appendix 4 of this Annex, but equal passage of a significant frequency range within the abovementioned range (1800 through 3550 Hz) in both directions.Passage frequency 2 Hz ± 1 Hz4.2.3.3.Sound levelThe sound source shall be:either an audible warning device approved under Directive 70/388/EEC, Section 1 or a device meeting the requirements of items 1 and 2 of Appendix 4 to this Annex,however, in the case of a sound source different from the original equipment audible warning device, the minimum sound level may be reduced to 100 dB (A), measured under the conditions of Appendix 4 of this Annex.4.3.Optical alarm — if fitted4.3.1.GeneralIn the event of intrusion into or interference with the vehicle, the device shall activate an optical alarm signal as specified in items 4.3.2 and 4.3.3.4.3.2.Duration of the optical alarm signalThe optical alarm signal shall have a duration of between 25 s and 5 minutes after the alarm has been activated.The unsetting of the alarm system shall immediately stop the alarm signal.4.3.3.Type of optical alarm signalFlashing of all direction indicators and/or passenger compartment light of the vehicle, including all lamps in the same electrical circuit.Trigger frequency 2 Hz ± 1 HzIn relation to the audible signal, also asynchronous signals are allowed.On time = off time ± 10 %.4.4.Radio alarm (pager) — if fittedThe VAS may include a facility generating an alarm signal by radio transmission.4.5.Alarm system setting lockWhen the engine is in its running mode, deliberate or inadvertent setting of the alarm system shall be impossible.4.6.Setting and unsetting of the VAS4.6.1.SettingAny suitable means of setting of the VAS is allowed, provided that such means does not inadvertently cause false alarms.4.6.2.UnsettingUnsetting of the VAS shall be achieved by one or a combination of the following devices: (other devices giving equivalent performance are permitted.)4.6.2.1.a mechanical key (complying with requirements of Appendix 3 to this Annex) which can be coupled with a centralized vehicle locking system comprising at least 1000 variants, operated from the outside,4.6.2.2.electrical/electronic device, e. g. remote control, with at least 50000 variants which shall incorporate a rolling code and/or have a minimum scan time of 10 days, e. g. a maximum of 5000 variants per 24 hours for 50000 variants minimum,4.6.2.3.a mechanical key or an electrical/electronic device within the protected passenger compartment, with timed exit/entry delay.4.7.Exit delayIf the switching device for setting the VAS is fitted within the protected area, an exit delay shall be provided. It shall be possible for the exit delay to be set between 15 seconds and 45 seconds after the switch has been operated. The delay period may be adjustable to suit individual operator's circumstances.4.8.Entry delayIf the switching device for setting the VAS is fitted within the protected area, a delay of 5 seconds minimum and 15 seconds maximum shall be allowed before the activation of the audible and optical alarm signals. The delay period may be adjustable to suit individual operators circumstances.4.9.Status display4.9.1.To provide information on the status of the VAS (set, unset, alarm setting period, alarm has been activated), optical displays inside and outside the passenger compartment are allowed. The light intensity of optical signals installed outside the passenger compartment shall not exceed 0,5 cd.4.9.2.If an indication of short-term "dynamic" processes such as changes from "set" to "unset" and vice versa is provided, it shall be optical, according to item 4.9.1. Such optical indication may also be produced by the simultaneous operation of direction indicators and/or passenger compartment lamp(s), provided that the duration of the optical indication by direction indicators does not exceed 3 seconds.4.10.Power supplyThe source of power for the VAS may be the vehicle battery.Where provided, an additional battery shall be rechargeable and it shall by no means supply energy to the other parts of the vehicle's electrical system.4.11.Specifications for optional functions4.11.1.Self-check, automatic failure indicationOn setting the VAS, irregular situations, e. g. open doors, etc., may be detected by a self-check function (plausibility control), and this situation may be indicated.4.11.2.Panic alarmAn optical and/or audible and/or radio alarm is allowed independent of the state (set or unset) and/or function of the VAS. Such an alarm shall be triggered from within the vehicle and shall not affect the state (set or unset) of the VAS. Also it must be possible for the vehicle user to switch off the panic alarm. In the case of an audible alarm, its sounding duration per activation shall not be restricted. A panic alarm shall not immobilize the engine or stop it if it is running.5.Operation parameters and test conditionsLamps which are used as part of the optical alarm devices and which are included in the standard car lighting system need not comply with the operation parameters in item 5.1 and shall not be submitted to tests listed under item 5.2.5.1.Operation parametersAll components of the VAS shall operate without any failure under the following conditions.5.1.1.Climatic conditionsTwo classes of environmental temperature are defined as follows:- 40 °C to + 85 °C for parts to be fitted in the passenger or luggage compartment,- 40 °C to + 125 °C for parts to be fitted in the engine compartment unless otherwise specified.5.1.2.Degree of protection for installationThe following degrees of protection in accordance with IEC publication 529-1989 shall be provided:IP 40 for parts to be fitted in the passenger compartment,IP 42 for parts to be fitted in the passenger compartment of roadsters/convertibles and cars with moveable roof-panels if the installation location requires a higher degree of protection than IP 40,IP 54 for all other parts.The VAS manufacturer shall specify in the installation instructions any restrictions on the positioning of any part of the installation with respect to dust, water and temperature.5.1.3.WeatherabilitySeven days according to IEC 68-2-30-1980.5.1.4.Electrical conditionsRated supply voltage: 12 VOperation supply voltage range: from 9 V to 15 V in the temperature range according to item 5.1.1.Time allowance for excess voltages at 23 °C:U = 18 V, maximum 1 hour,U = 24 V, maximum 1 minute.5.2.Test conditions5.2.1.Operation tests5.2.1.1.Compliance of the VAS with the following specifications shall be checked:alarm duration according to items 4.2.2 and 4.3.2,frequency and on/off ratio according to items 4.3.3 and 4.2.3.1 or 4.2.3.2 respectively,number of alarm cycles according to item 4.1.1, if applicable,alarm systems setting lock check according to item 4.5.5.2.1.2.Normal test conditionsVoltage U = 12 V ± 0,2 VTemperature T = 23 °C ± 5 °C5.2.2.Resistance to temperature and voltage changesCompliance with the specifications defined under item 5.2.1.1 shall also be checked under the following conditions:5.2.2.1.Test temperature T = -40 °C ± 2 °CTest voltage U = 9 V ± 0,2 VStorage duration 4 hours5.2.2.2.For parts to be fitted in the passenger or luggage compartmentTest temperature T = 85 °C ± 2 °CTest voltage U = 15 V ± 0,2 VStorage duration 4 hours5.2.2.3.For parts to be fitted in the engine compartment unless otherwise specifiedTest temperature T = 125 °C ± 2 °CTest voltage U = 15 V ± 0,2 VStorage duration 4 hours5.2.2.4.The VAS, in both set and unset state, shall be submitted to an excess voltage equal to 18 V ± 0,2 V for 1 hour.5.2.2.5.The VAS, in both set and unset state, shall be submitted to an excess voltage equal to 24 V ± 0,2 V for 1 minute.5.2.3.Safe operation after foreign body and water-tightness testingAfter the test for tightness for foreign body and water according to IEC 529-1989, for degrees of protection as in item 5.1.2, the operation tests according to item 5.2.1 shall be repeated.5.2.4.Safe operation after condensed water testAfter a resistance-to-humidity test to be carried out according to IEC 68-2-30-1980 the operation tests according to item 5.2.1 shall be repeated.5.2.5.Test for safety against reversed polarityThe VAS and components thereof shall not be destroyed by reversed polarity up to 13 V during 2 minutes.After this test the operation tests according to item 5.2.1 shall be repeated.5.2.6.Test for safety against short-circuitsAll electrical connections of the VAS must be short-circuit proof against earth, maximum 13 V and/or fused.After this test the operation tests according to item 5.2.1 shall be repeated, with fuses changed if necessary.5.2.7.Energy consumption in the set conditionThe energy consumption in set condition under the conditions given in item 5.2.1.2 shall not exceed 20 mA for the complete alarm system including status display and immobilizer, if fitted.5.2.8.Safe operation after vibration test5.2.8.1.For this test, the components are subdivided into two types:Type 1: components normally mounted on the vehicle;Type 2: components intended for attachment to the engine.5.2.8.2.The components/VAS shall be submitted to a sinusoidal vibration mode whose characteristics are as follows:5.2.8.2.1.For type 1The frequency shall be variable from 10 Hz to 500 Hz with a maximum amplitude of ± 5 mm and maximum acceleration of 3 g (0-peak).5.2.8.2.2.For type 2The frequency shall be variable from 20 Hz to 300 Hz with a maximum amplitude of ± 2 mm and maximum acceleration of 15 g (0-peak).5.2.8.2.3.For both type 1 and type 2:the frequency variation is 1 octave/min;The number of cycles is 10, the test shall be performed along each of the 3 axes;the vibrations are applied at low frequencies at a maximum constant amplitude and at a maximum constant acceleration at high frequencies.5.2.8.3.During the test the VAS shall be electrically connected and the cable shall be supported after 200 mm.5.2.8.4.After the vibration test the operation test according to item 5.2.1 shall be repeated.5.2.9.Durability testUnder the test conditions specified in item 5.2.1.2, triggering of 300 complete alarm cycles (audible and/or optical) with a rest time of the audible device of 5 minutes.5.2.10.Tests for external key switch (installed on the outside of the vehicle)The following tests shall only be performed if the locking cylinder of the original equipment door lock is not used.5.2.10.1.The key switch shall be so designed and constructed that it remains fully effective even after:2500 set/unset cycles in each direction, followed by,96 hours minimum of exposure to salt spray test according to IEC 68-2-11-1981, corrosion resistance test.5.2.11.Test of systems for the protection of the passenger compartmentThe alarm shall be activated, when a vertical panel of 0,2 × 0,15 m is inserted for 0,3 m (measured from the centre of the vertical panel) through an open front door window into the passenger compartment, towards the front and parallel to the road at a speed of 0,4 m/s and at an angle of 45° with the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. (See drawings in Appendix 2 to this Annex).5.2.12.Electromagnetic compatibilityVehicle alarm systems shall comply with the relevant technical requirements, especially with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).5.2.13.Safety against false alarm in the event of an impact on the vehicleIt shall be verified that an impact of up to 4,5 Joules of a hemispherical body with 165 mm in diameter and (70 ± 10) Shore A applied anywhere to the vehicle bodywork or glazing with this curved surface does not cause false alarms.5.2.14.Safety against false alarm in the event of a voltage reductionIt shall be verified that slow reduction of the main battery voltage by continuous discharge of 0,5 V/h down to 3 V does not cause false alarms.Test conditions: see item 5.2.1.2.5.2.15.Test for safety against false alarm of the passenger compartment controlSystems intended for the protection of the passenger compartment according to item 4.1.1 shall be tested together with a vehicle under normal conditions (item 5.2.1.2).The system, installed according to the manufacturer's instructions, shall not be triggered when subjected 5 times to the test described in item 5.2.13 at intervals of 0,5 s.The presence of a person touching or moving around the outside of the vehicle (windows closed) shall not cause any false alarm.6.InstructionsEach VAS shall be accompanied by:6.1.Instructions for installation:6.1.1.The list of vehicles and vehicle models for which the device is intended. This list may be specific or generic, e. g. "all cars with petrol engines and 12 V negative earth batteries".6.1.2.The method of installation illustrated by photographs and/or very clear drawings.6.1.3.In the case of VAS which include immobilizer, additional instructions regarding compliance with requirements of Annex V are to be provided.6.2.A blank installation certificate, an example of which is given in Appendix 1 to this Annex.6.3.A general statement to the VAS purchaser calling his attention to the following points:the VAS should be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions,the selection of a good installer is recommended (the VAS manufacturer may be contacted to indicate appropriate installers),the installation certificate supplied with the VAS should be completed by the installer.6.4.Instructions for use6.5.Instructions for maintenance6.6.A general warning regarding the danger of making any alterations or additions to the system; such alterations or additions would automatically invalidate the certificate of installation referred to in item 6.2.6.7.Indication of the location(s) of the approval mark mentioned in Annex I of this Directive and/or the certificate of conformity mentioned in this Directive.PART IIAPPROVAL OF A VEHICLE WITH REGARD TO ITS ALARM SYSTEMWhen a VAS approved to Part I of this Annex is being used in a vehicle submitted for approval to Part II of this Annex, tests required to be passed by a VAS in order to obtain approval to Part I of this Annex shall not be repeated.7.DefinitionsFor the purpose of Part II of this Annex:7.1."Alarm system(s)" (AS)means an arrangement of components fitted as original equipment in a vehicle type, designed to indicate intrusion into or interference with the vehicle; these systems may provide additional protection against unauthorized use of the vehicle.7.2."Vehicle type with regard to its alarm system"means vehicles which do not differ significantly in such essential aspects as:the manufacturer's trade name or mark,vehicle features which significantly influence the performances of the AS,the type and design of the AS or VAS.7.3.Other definitions applicable to Part II are contained in item 2 of this Annex.8.General specifications8.1.As shall be designed and built in such a way that they, in the event of intrusion into or interference with a vehicle, provide an alarm signal.The alarm signal shall be audible and in addition may include optical alarm devices, or be a radio alarm, or any combination of the above.8.2.Vehicles which are equipped with alarm systems shall comply with the relevant technical requirements, especially with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).8.3.If the AS includes the possibility of a radio transmission, e. g. for setting or unsetting of the alarm or for alarm transmission, it shall comply with the relevant ETSI standards (see footnote 3 pertinent to item 3.3). The frequency must be 433,92 MHz and the maximum radiated power 25 mW.8.4.The AS and components thereof shall not activate inadvertently, particularly whilst the engine is in its running mode.8.5.Failure of the AS, or failure of its electrical supply, shall not affect the safe operation of the vehicle.8.6.The alarm system, its components and the parts controlled by them shall be so installed as to minimize the risk for anyone to make them inoperative or to destroy them rapidly and without calling attention, e. g. using low-cost, easily-concealed tools, equipment or fabrications readily available to the public at large.8.7.The system shall be so arranged that the shorting out of any alarm signal circuit shall not render inoperative any aspects of the alarm system, other than the circuit which is shorted out.8.8.The AS may include an immobilizer which shall comply with the requirements of Annex V.9.Particular specifications9.1.Protection range9.1.1.Specific requirementsThe AS shall at least detect and signal the opening of any vehicle door, engine bonnet and luggage compartment. The failure or switching off of light sources, e. g. passenger compartment light, shall not impair the control operation..The installation of additional efficient sensors for information/display, e. g.:of intrusions into the vehicle, e. g. passenger compartment control, window glass control, breakage of a glazed area, orof attempted vehicle theft, e. g. inclination sensor,are allowed, taking account of measures to prevent any unnecessary sounding of the alarm (false alarm, see item 9.1.2).In so far as these additional sensors generate an alarm signal even after an intrusion has occurred (e. g. by breakage of a glazed area) or under external influences (e.g. wind), the alarm signal, activated by one of the abovementioned sensors, shall be activated not more than 10 times within the same activation period of the AS.In this case the activation period shall be limited by the unsetting of the system as a result of the vehicle user's action.Some kinds of additional sensors, e. g. passenger compartment control (ultrasonic, infra-red) or inclination sensor, etc., may be intentionally deactivated. In this case, separate deliberate action must be taken each time before the AS is set. It must not be possible to deactivate the sensors while the alarm system is in a set state.9.1.2.Safety against false alarm9.1.2.1.It shall be ensured that the AS both in set and unset conditions, cannot cause the alarm signal to sound unnecessarily, in the event of:an impact on the vehicle: test specified in item 5.2.13,reduction of battery voltage by continuous discharge; test specified in item 5.2.14,false alarm of the passenger compartment control: test specified in item 5.2.15.9.1.2.2.If the applicant for approval can demonstrate, e. g. by technical data, that safety against false alarm is satisfactorily ensured, the technical service responsible for conduction approval tests may not require some of the above tests.9.2.Audible alarm9.2.1.GeneralThe alarm signal shall be clearly audible and recognizable and shall differ significantly from the other audible signals used in road traffic.In addition to the original equipment audible warning device, a separate audible alarm signal device may be fitted in the area of the vehicle which is controlled by the AS, where it shall be protected against easy, rapid access by persons.If a separate audible alarm signal device according to item 9.2.3.1 below is used, the original equipment standard audible warning device may additionally be actuated by the AS, provided that any tampering with the standard audible warning device (generally more easily accessible) does not affect the operation of the separate audible alarm signal device.9.2.2.Duration of the audible alarm signalMinimum: 25 sMaximum: 30 s.The audible alarm signal may sound again only after the next interference with the vehicle, i. e. after the abovementioned time span. (Restrictions: see item 9.1.1 and 9.1.2).Unsetting of the alarm system shall immediately cut the alarm signal.9.2.3.Specifications concerning the audible alarm signal.9.2.3.1.Constant tone alarm signal device (constant frequency spectrum), e. g. horns: acoustical, etc. data according to Appendix 4 of this Annex.Intermittent alarm signal (on/off):Trigger frequency 2 Hz ± 1 HzOn time = off time ± 10 %9.2.3.2.Audible alarm signal device with frequency modulation:acoustical, etc. data according to Appendix 4 of this Annex but equal passage of a significant frequency range with the abovementioned range (1800 through 3550 Hz) in both directions.Passage frequency 2 Hz ± 1 Hz9.2.3.3.Sound levelThe sound source shall be:either an audible warning device approved under Directive 70/388/EEC, Section 1 or a device meeting the requirements of items 1 and 2 of Appendix 4 to this Annex,however, in the case of a sound source different from the original equipment audible warning device, the minimum sound level may be reduced to 100 dB (A), measured under the conditions of Appendix 4 of this Annex.9.3.Optical alarm — if fitted9.3.1.GeneralIn the event of intrusion into or interference with the vehicle the device shall activate an optical alarm as specified in items 9.3.2 and 9.3.3.9.3.2.Duration of the optical alarm signalThe optical alarm signal shall have a duration between 25 s and 5 minutes after the alarm has been activated. The unsetting of the alarm system shall immediately stop the alarm signal.9.3.3.Type of optical alarm signalFlashing of all direction indicators and/or passenger compartment light of the vehicle including all lamps in the same electrical circuit.Trigger frequency 2 Hz ± 1 HzIn relation to the audible signal, also asynchronous signals are allowed.One time = off time ± 10 %9.4.Radio alarm (pager) — if fittedThe AS may include a facility generating an alarm signal by radio transmission.9.5.Alarm system setting lock9.5.1.When the engine is in its running mode, deliberate or inadvertent setting of the alarm system shall be impossible.9.6.Setting and unsetting of the alarm system9.6.1.SettingAny suitable means of setting of the AS is allowed, provided that such means does not inadvertently cause false alarms.9.6.2.UnsettingUnsetting of the AS shall be achieved by one or a combination of the following devices.Other devices giving equivalent performance are permitted.9.6.2.1.A mechanical key (complying with requirements of Appendix 3 to this Annex) which can be coupled with a centralized vehicle locking system comprising at least 1000 variants, operated from the outside.9.6.2.2.Electrical/electronic device, e. g. remote control, with at least 50000 variants which shall incorporate a rolling code and/or have a minimum scan time of 10 days, e. g. a maximum of 5000 variants per 24 hours for 50000 variants minimum.9.6.2.3.A mechanical key or an electrical/electronic device within the protected passenger compartment, with time exit/entry delay.9.7.Exit delayIf the switching device for setting the AS is fitted within the protected area, an exit delay shall be provided. It shall be possible for the exit delay to be set between 15 seconds and 45 seconds after the switch has been operated. The delay period may be adjustable to suit individual operators circumstances.9.8.Entry delayIf the device for unsetting the AS is fitted within the protected area, a delay of 5 seconds minimum and 15 seconds maximum shall be allowed before the activation of the audible and optical alarm signals. The delay period may be adjustable to suit individual operators circumstances.9.9.Status display9.9.1.To provide information on the status of the AS (set, unset, alarm setting period alarm has been activated), the installation of optical displays is allowed inside and outside the passenger compartment. The light intensity of optical signals installed outside the passenger compartment shall not exceed 0,5 cd.9.9.2.If an indication of short-term "dynamic" processes such as changes from "set" to "unset" and vice versa is provided, it shall be optical, according to paragraph 9.9.1. Such optical indication may also be produced by the simultaneous operation of direction indicators and/or passenger compartment lamp(s), provided that the duration of the optical indication by direction indicators does not exceed 3 seconds.9.10.Power supplyThe source of power for the AS may be the vehicle battery.Where provided, an additional battery shall be rechargeable and it shall by no means supply energy to the other parts of the vehicle's electrical system.9.11.Specifications for optional functions9.11.1.Self check, automatic failure indicationOn setting the AS, irregular situations, e. g. open doors, etc., may be detected by a self-check function (plausibility control), and this situation may be indicated.9.11.2.Panic alarmAn optical and/or audible and/or radio alarm is allowed independent of the state (set or unset) and/or function of the AS. Such an alarm shall be triggered from within the vehicle and shall not affect the state (set or unset) of the AS. Also it must be possible for he vehicle user to switch off the panic alarm. In the case of an audible alarm, its sounding duration per activation shall not be restricted. A panic alarm shall not immobilize the engine or stop it if it is running.10.Test conditionsAll components of the VAS or AS shall be tested in accordance with procedures described in item 5.This requirement does not apply to:10.1.Those components that are fitted and tested as part of the vehicle, whether or not a VAS/AS is fitted (e. g. lamps); or10.2.Those components that have previously been tested as part of the vehicle and documentary evidence has been provided.11.InstructionsEach vehicle shall be accompanied by:11.1.Instructions for use11.2.Instructions for maintenance11.3.A general warning regarding the danger of making any alterations or additions to the system.